Hong Kong Polytechnic University
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU)[note 1] is a public research university located in Hung Hom, Hong Kong. The university is one of the eight government-funded degree-granting tertiary institutions in Hong Kong. Founded in 1937 as the first Government Trade School, it is the first institution to provide technical education in Hong Kong. In 1994, the Legislative Council of Hong Kong passed a bill which granted the former Hong Kong Polytechnic official university status.[9]
香港理工大學 (Chinese) | |||||||||||||
| Motto | 開物成務 勵學利民[1] | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Motto in English | To learn and to apply, for the benefit of mankind[2] | ||||||||||||
| Type | Public | ||||||||||||
| Established | 1937, as Government Trade School 1947, as Hong Kong Technical College 24 March 1972, as Hong Kong Polytechnic 25 November 1994, granted university status[3] | ||||||||||||
| Chairman | Lam Tai-fai | ||||||||||||
| Chancellor | John Lee Ka-chiu (as Chief Executive of Hong Kong) | ||||||||||||
| President | Teng Jin-guang | ||||||||||||
| Vice-president | Miranda Lou[4] Kwok-yin Wong[4] Ben Young[4] Christopher Chao[4] | ||||||||||||
| Provost | Wing-tak Wong[4] | ||||||||||||
Academic staff | 1,230[5] | ||||||||||||
| Students | 26,245 (2019/2020)[5] | ||||||||||||
| Location | 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom , , 22°18′18″N 114°10′48″E / 22.30500°N 114.18000°E | ||||||||||||
| Campus | Urban 9.46 hectares (0.0946 km2)[6] | ||||||||||||
| Colours | Red and grey[7] | ||||||||||||
| Affiliations | Beijing-Hong Kong Universities Alliance (BHUA) Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao University Alliance (GHMUA) | ||||||||||||
| Website | polyu.edu.hk | ||||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 香港理工大学 | ||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 香港理工大學 | ||||||||||||
| Cantonese Yale | Hēunggóng Léihgūng Daaihhohk | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
PolyU consists of 8 faculties and schools, offering programmes covering applied science, business, construction, environment, engineering, social science, health, humanities, design, hotel and tourism management. The university offers over 160 taught programmes for more than 25,800 students every year.[10] It is the largest public tertiary institution in terms of number of students.
As of 2022–24, PolyU ranks globally 87th by THE,[11] 65th by QS,[12] 100th in US News and 151~200th in ARWU. PolyU is among the top 10 young universities worldwide according to THE and QS, and was the 6th most international university worldwide in 2023 according to THE.[13]
History Edit
Government Trade School (1937–1947) Edit
In 1937, the Government Trade School was founded at Wood Road, Wan Chai. The school was the first publicly funded, post-secondary technical institution in Hong Kong.[14] Under George White, the then principal, it ran classes in marine wireless operating, mechanical engineering and building construction.[15] The campus was a three-storey high Victorian architecture, and commonly referred to the “Red Brick House” by the locals.[16]
Hong Kong Technical College (1947–1972) Edit
After World War II, the Government Trade School became the Hong Kong Technical College in 1947, offering both full-time and part-time courses. In 1957, the new campus of the college located in Hung Hom was constructed. It was opened by Sir Alexander Grantham, the then Governor of Hong Kong.[15]
Hong Kong Polytechnic (1972–1994) Edit
In 1965, Sir Chung Sze-yuen (S.Y. Chung) suggested establishing a polytechnic in Hong Kong to provide post-secondary technical education. Dr Tang Ping-yuen was appointed by the government as the chair of the Polytechnic Planning Committee in May 1969.[17] On 24 March 1972, the Legislative Council passed the Hong Kong Polytechnic Ordinance and the institute was established. Sir Chung assumed the first chair of the Polytechnic Board of Directors (later renamed Polytechnic Council in 1978). The Polytechnic's mandate was to provide professional-oriented education to meet the need for qualified workers. The institution launched its first five degree programmes in 1983, and introduced its first MPhil and PhD programmes in 1986 and 1989 respectively.[15]
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (1994–Present) Edit
In 1994, the university gained approval from the University and Polytechnic Grants Committee (UPGC; now UGC) for self-accreditation of degree programmes, without the restrictions from the Post Secondary Colleges Ordinance .[18] With that, the Institution assumed full university status on 25 November 1994, changing its name to “The Hong Kong Polytechnic University”.[15]
Campuses Edit
Main campus Edit
PolyU's main campus, in Hung Hom, Kowloon,[19] was designed by a team led by James Kinoshita from P&T Group in 1972.[20] It has over 20 buildings with red-brick walls, many of which are inter-connected and raised one floor above the podium, creating sheltered open-air spaces for multi-purposes such as logistics and parking.[21] Apart from buildings named after donors, the rotundas which connects the buildings are identified in English letters (from cores and blocks A to Z, without K, O and I). It is one of the largest and densest educational campus in the world.[22]
Block Z is the eighth phase of the campus expansion project. It is situated across the northwestern side of the main campus, separated by Chatham Road. It can be accessed through a pedestrian tunnel or a 80-meter-long footbridge, which was proposed in 2016 and built in 2019.[23]
In addition to classrooms, laboratories and other academic facilities, the university provides a multi-purpose auditorium, recreational and catering facilities, medical facilities, as well as a bookstore and banks. The Jockey Club Auditorium began operation in 2000, its balcony and main floor seating accommodate up to 1,084 persons. It is specially designed as a multi-purpose venue for the hosting of conferences, seminars, ceremonies, corporate meetings, as well as the increasing number of cultural activities and performances, operas, chamber music, dramas, dances, film shows, variety shows, mini concerts etc.[24]
There are multiple sports facilities, including two swimming pools (Block X and Michael Clinton Swimming Pool), 2 indoor sports grounds (Shaw Sports Complex and Kwong On Jubilee Sports Centre), an outdoor sports ground (Keith Legg Sports Field) with basketball and soccer fields and jogging track, 2 outdoor tennis courts, and a joint-sports centre.
- Main Campus, PolyU
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PolyU Main Campus aerial view, 2016
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Miniature Model of the PolyU Main Campus, 2013
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PolyU
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Main Entrance, 2017
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Choi Kai Yau Building, 2013
- Li Ka Shing Tower (Faculty of Business), Main Campus, PolyU
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LKS Tower 2013
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LKS Tower
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Lift Lobby, LKS Tower
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LKS Tower standing inside the main campus
- Block Z (Faculty of Construction and Environment), Main Campus, PolyU
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Block Z
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Block Z, view from Chatham Rd South, 2022
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FCE, Block Z, 2018
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Block Z, 2019
Pao Yue-kong Library Edit
The PolyU Library was established on 1 August 1972.[25] Two centres operated in Hung Hom and Quarry Bay until 1976, when they eventually merged into the present building. It was named after shipping entrepreneur and philanthropist Yue-Kong Pao in 1995.
In 2014, there were over 2.77 million of library holdings in total, with nearly 600,000 electronic resources. The six-storey library provides 3,900 study spaces and is equipped with a 24-hour study centre and audio-visual information areas. In 2017, the 3/F and 4/F of the library was transformed into the "i-space" which contains services such as VR Experience Zone, Internet of Things (IoT), Laser Cutting / Engraving, 3D Scanning, Book Scanning, Large Format Printing, Vinyl Cutting and 3D Printing. Video production facilities such as the One button studio and Digital Studio are also available on the 3/F.
- Pao Yue Kong Library, Main Campus, PolyU
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Exterior of PYK Library, 2013
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Gate Entrance, PYK Library, 2013
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PF, PYK Library, 2015
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Exam Wishing Wall, PYK Library, 2019
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GF Discussion Zone, PYK Library
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3F, PYK Library, 2015
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5F, PYK Library
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Outside PYK Library, 2014
Innovation Tower Edit
The Innovation Tower, designed by Zaha Hadid, is located on the northwestern side of the university's main campus. This 15-story building provides 15,000 square meters of net floor area. It houses facilities for the School of Design, including exhibition areas, multi-functional classrooms and lecture theatres, design studios and workshops, as well as a communal lounge. The School of Design has been ranked among the best design schools worldwide.[26]
- Jockey Club Innovation Tower (School of Design), Main Campus, PolyU
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Jockey Club Innovation Tower
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Jockey Club Innovation Tower
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Jockey Club Innovation Tower
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Jockey Club Innovation Tower interior
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Jockey Club Innovation Tower interior
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Jockey Club Innovation Tower podium
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Jockey Club Innovation Tower and Block X
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Jockey Club Innovation Tower, view from the Chatham Rd South 2018
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Jockey Club Innovation Tower 2016
Teaching and research hotel Edit
The Hotel Icon was officially opened on 21 September 2011. The hotel is wholly owned by the university as a teaching and research hotel of the School of Hotel and Tourism Management (SHTM). SHTM has consistently been ranked among the top hotel and tourism management schools in the world.
- Hotel Icon (School of Hotel and Tourism Management)
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Hotel Icon
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Hotel ICON Lobby View1 201106
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Hotel ICON Lobby View2 20110
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Hotel Icon Logo
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Hotel Icon Lobby
Hung Hom Bay and West Kowloon Campus Edit
The Hung Hom Bay Campus and West Kowloon Campus are the two satellite campuses which house the College of Professional and Continuing Education which is formed by two subsidiaries: the Hong Kong Community College (HKCC) and School of Professional Education and Executive Development (SPEED).
Established in 2001 under the auspices of PolyU, HKCC is a self-financed post-secondary institution which offers associate degree and higher diploma programmes spanning the domains of arts, science, social sciences, business, health care and design for senior secondary school leavers. HKCC classes are conducted at the Hung Hom Bay and West Kowloon.[27]
Academics Edit
Organisation Edit
As of 2020, the university had 915 sub-degree students, 14,961 undergraduate students, and 10,369 postgraduate students.
Over 150 programmes (including Higher diploma, Bachelor's degrees with honours, and postgraduate programmes) are offered through 8 faculties and schools, including Faculty of Applied Science and Textiles, Faculty of Business, Faculty of Construction and Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, School of Design, and School of Hotel and Tourism Management.[28]
PolyU Graduate School, established in September 2020, oversees the administration of research postgraduate education of the university, though the academic supervision of students is still managed by the respective faculties, schools or department.[29]
The College of Professional and Continuing Education (CPEC), founded in 2002, is a subsidiary of the university. As of 2019, the college had 13,032 students. It is formed by Hong Kong Community College (HKCC) and School of Professional Education and Executive Development (SPEED), both of which offer self-financed degree programmes and sub-degrees programmes in the name of the college.[30]
| Faculty/School | Year Founded |
|---|---|
| Faculty of Engineering | 1937 |
| Faculty of Construction and Environment | 1937 |
| School of Design | 1964 |
| Faculty of Humanities | 1974 |
| Faculty of Health and Social Sciences | 1977 |
| School of Hotel and Tourism Management | 1979 |
| Faculty of Business | 2002 |
| College of Professional and Continuing Education | 2002 |
| Graduate School | 2020 |
| Faculty of Science | (restructured in 2022) |
| School of Fashion and Textiles | 1957 (restructured in 2022) |
Notable academics Edit
As of 2020, PolyU employed 1,182 academic faculty members and 1,504 research staff, with additional staff at the CPEC. The faculty includes scholars such as Swedish systemic functional linguist C.M.I.M. Matthiessen, electrical and electronic engineer Philip Chan, mechanical engineer Timothy W. Tong. Some politicians in Hong Kong serve as faculty in PolyU, including current or former member of the Legislative Council Fernando Cheung, Lau Siu-lai, Helena Wong and Cheng Chung-tai.
Research Edit
PolyU's research focus areas include: aerospace, aviation, big data and AI, food safety, health science, infrastructure monitoring, intelligent construction, sustainability and smart city. To facilitate the implementation of cross-disciplinary research through collaborations among faculties and schools and other local and overseas institutions and partners, PolyU established a wide variety of research laboratories, institutes and centres, for instance, the Aviation Services Research Centre with Boeing.[31][32]
The Hong Kong Research Institute of Textiles and Apparel established by PolyU in 2006 acts as a focal point to enhance technological innovation in textiles and apparel industry for the development of highly competitive industrial clusters in Hong Kong.[33]
Rankings and reputation Edit
| University rankings | |
|---|---|
| Global – Overall | |
| ARWU World[34] | 151–200 (2023) |
| QS World[35] | 65 (2024) |
| QS Under 50[36] | 6 (2021) |
| THE World[37] | 87 (2024) |
| THE Reputation[38] | 126–150 (2022) |
| THE Young Universities[39] | 4 (2023) |
| USNWR Global[40] | 100 (2023) |
| Regional – Overall | |
| QS Asia[41] | 25 (2022) |
| THE Asia[42] | 14 (2023) |
| USNWR Asia[43] | 13 (2023) |
Overall Rankings Edit
Globally, PolyU is #65 in the QS World University Rankings 2024, #87 in the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings 2024, #100 in the US News Best Global Universities Rankings 2022–2023, and #151–200 in ARWU 2023.
PolyU was #94 worldwide in terms of aggregate performance across THE, QS, and, ARWU in 2022.[44]
PolyU was named the 6th most international university in the world in 2023 by THE.
Young University Rankings Edit
PolyU was ranked #6 worldwide (#3 in Hong Kong) in the QS "Top 50 Under 50" list of the world's top young universities (2021) [45] and #4 worldwide (#2 in Hong Kong) in the Times Higher Education's Young University Rankings 2023.[46]
Subject / Area Rankings Edit
QS Subject Rankings Edit
In the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2022: [47]
| Subject (only subjects ranked among top 100 are listed) | PolyU's World Rank |
|---|---|
| Hospitality and Leisure Management | 10 |
| Engineering – Civil & Structural | 15 |
| Architecture / Built Environment | 15 |
| Art & Design | 16 |
| Environmental Sciences | 46 |
| Business and Management Studies | 48 |
| Linguistics | 55 |
| Accounting and Finance | 57 |
| Engineering – Mechanical, Aeronautical and Manufacturing | 74 |
| Engineering – Electrical and Electronic | 76 |
| Computer Science and Informative Systems | 92 |
| Geography | 51–100 |
| Nursing | 51–100 |
| Statistics and Operational Research | 51–100 |
In the QS World University Rankings by Broad Subject Area 2022:
| Broad Subject Area | PolyU's World Rank |
|---|---|
| Social Sciences and Management | 50 |
| Engineering & Technology | 69 |
| Arts & Humanities | 130 |
| Natural Sciences | 226 |
| Life Sciences & Medicine | 385 |
THE Subject Rankings Edit
In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings by Subjects (2023):[48]
| Subject | PolyU's World Rank |
|---|---|
| Business and Economics | 27 |
| Engineering | 40 |
| Social Sciences | 68 |
| Arts & Humanities | 73 |
| Computer Science | 79 |
| Physical Sciences | 101–125 |
| Life Sciences | 126–150 |
| Clinical & Health | 151–175 |
GRAS (ARWU Subject Rankings) Edit
2022 Global Ranking of Academic Subjects (GRAS) by ShanghaiRanking:
| Subject (only subjects ranked among top 50 are listed) | PolyU's world rank |
|---|---|
| Hospitality & Tourism Management | 1 |
| Civil Engineering | 4 |
| Management | 4 |
| Transportation Science & Technology | 5 |
| Nursing | 21 |
| Instruments Science & Technology | 25 |
| Mechanical Engineering | 25 |
| Remote Sensing | 37 |
| Automation & Control | 41 |
| Aerospace Engineering | 44 |
| Business Administration | 44 |
| Computer Science & Engineering | 44 |
| Environmental Science & Engineering | 50 |
Other subject rankings Edit
The Faculty of Business is ranked 1st in shipping research in the world, based on 2016 to 2018 data from Thomson Reuters' ISI Web of Science. 55th in the Top 100 World Rankings of Business Schools by University of Texas at Dallas, based on research contributions to 24 leading business journals from 2012 to 2016.[49]
The School of Design is among top 3 design schools in Greater China, according to Business Week (Oct 2009 issue) and top 25 design schools in the world and is the only selected design school in Asia, according to Business Insider magazine (Dec 2012 issue).
The School of Hotel and Tourism Management (SHTM) is ranked 1st in the category of commerce, management, tourism and services, University Ranking by Academic Performance (URAP) 2019/20, [50] and 2nd in research and scholarly activities among institutions specializing in hospitality and tourism, according to the World Ranking of Top 100 Hospitality and Tourism Programs by Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research (Nov 2009 issue).[51]
Graduate Employability Rankings Edit
PolyU graduates ranked #71 worldwide in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2022 and #133 worldwide in the Times Higher Education's Global University Employability Ranking 2022.[52][53]
According to the "Opinion Survey on the Public Ranking of Universities in Hong Kong" conducted by HKUPOP (now HKPORI), PolyU graduates were the 4th (in 2015 and in 2014), 2nd (in 2016), and 3rd (in 2017) most preferred university graduates by employers in Hong Kong. [54]
Governance Edit
The governing body of the PolyU is the Council, established in accordance with the PolyU Ordinance. The President and the Deputy President are ex officio members. There are also 17 external members from the business and professional sectors, three elected staff members, one alumni member and two elected student members.[55]The highest advisory body of the Council is the University Court, which is responsible for providing opinions on the direction of the university to promote the development of the university.[56]
Presidents Edit
List of presidents of PolyU and their predecessors (known as the director of the Hong Kong Polytechnic before 1994):
- Keith Legg (1972–1985)
- John Clark (1985–1991)
- Poon Chung-kwong (25 November 1991 – 31 December 2008)
- Timothy W. Tong (1 January 2009 – 31 December 2018)
- Philip C. H. Chan (1 January 2019 – 30 June 2019)
- Teng Jin-guang (1 July 2019 – present)
Cooperation Edit
PolyU has established cooperative relations with more than 280 universities or institutions in 39 countries and regions around the world, and signed about 445 agreements in the areas of student exchange arrangements to joint research cooperation.[57]
Student life Edit
Student organization Edit
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Students’ Union (HKPUSU) is a student-run organization that is autonomous from the university administration for promoting the interests and welfare of full-time undergraduates (excluding postgraduate and College of Professional and Continuing Education students).
Sports teams Edit
- Athletics
- Badminton
- Basketball
- Fencing
- Handball
- Karate-do
- Rowing
- Rugby
- Soccer
- Squash
- Swimming
- Table Tennis
- Taekwondo
- Tennis
- Volleyball
- Woodball
Student halls Edit
There are two student halls of residence buildings provided by the university, in Hung Hom Bay and Ho Man Tin. The residential halls include:
- Hung Hom Bay – Research postgraduate: Boyan Hall (19,20/F). Undergraduates: Kaiyuan Hall (17,18/F), Wuhua Hall (15,16/F), Chengde Hall (13,14/F), Wuxian Hall (11,12/F), Lizhi Hall (9,10/F), Lisheng Hall (5,6/F), Minyin Hall (3,4/F). Female residents: Xuemin Hall (7,8/F).
- Ho Man Tin – Co-ed halls for all students: 3-7/F (purple), 5-9/F (blue), 10-14/F (green), 12-16/F (yellow), 17-21/F (orange), 19-23/F (red); 24-25/F is warden's floor.
The university also provides three off-campus housing sites, located in Sham Shui Po, Mong Kok, and Tsim Sha Tsui. It offers around 250 residential places at urban areas, as an accommodation option for non-local students.
- Student Halls, PolyU
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Hung Hom Halls, 2013
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Hung Hom Halls, 2012
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Hung Hom Halls, 2013
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Homantin Halls, 2021
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Homantin Halls, 2019
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Homantin Halls entrance, 2019
Incidents Edit
Democracy wall controversy Edit
The university's faculty-led Student Discipline Committee, with the support of the university council chairman Lam Tai-fai,[58] expelled one student and suspended another for one year in response to an October 2018 incident arising from a dispute over postings by students on the "Democracy Wall" bulletin board then managed by the students' union. The students had posted messages in commemoration of the fourth anniversary of the "Umbrella Movement" democracy occupation protests of 2014 and calling for Hong Kong independence from the CCP-ruled People's Republic of China. Another two students were ordered to serve terms of community service. The students had been ordered by management to take them down.[59]
The evidence called at the disciplinary committee hearing, at which the students were denied legal representation, included video footage in which the students were observed shouting and knocking on doors. It was alleged that they had made defamatory comments, assaulted a staff member and damaged property, all of which accusations were denied by the students. The university described their behaviour as "unruly". Among them were a former student union leader, an elected member of the school's governing council and a former external vice-president of the student union. No avenue for appeal from a decision of the committee is available.[60]
Numerous pro-democracy groups, including more than a dozen legislators and 19 student organisations, protested the decision of the committee. The 90,000-strong Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union described the punishments as excessive.[61]
2019 campus siege Edit
In November 2019, the university was occupied by protesters as part of the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests; confrontation with the Hong Kong Police Force occurred from 17 November to 19 November. On 16 November, police attempted to enter the campus, but failed as protestors barricaded the entrance and used petrol bombs to attack them.[62][63][64][65] The police then blocked all exits of the university campus and requested all protesters inside to surrender. On 18 November, the police attempted to enter the campus again using tear gas, rubber bullets, bean bags, and sponge grenades.[66] Protestors responded by throwing petrol bombs at police.[67] The university has been described as being a battleground during the conflict.[68] The university was later sealed off by police, only several protesters managed to escape.[69] This resulted in a 3-days long standoff. More than 280 protesters were injured while more than 1,000 persons were arrested.[70]
Notable alumni Edit
Notable alumni of PolyU include Chinese Premier Li Qiang, former Chief Executive of Hong Kong Leung Chun-ying, former Hong Kong Legislator Lam Tai-fai and Chan Kam-lam, explorer Rebecca Lee, film director Wong Kar-wai and Raman Hui, musician Paul Wong, singer Gigi Leung, fashion designer Vivienne Tam and software engineer Lui Kim-man.
- Notable Alumni of PolyU
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Li Qiang, Premier of the State Council of China
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CY Leung, former Chief Executive of Hong Kong SAR
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Vivienne Tam, fashion designer
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Wong Kar Wai, film director
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Gigi Leung, singer and celebrity
Gallery Edit
- Architecture of PolyU
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Hung Hom campus is located in the urban transportation hub. Taken in November 2005.
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Cheong Wan Road Entrance in June 2017
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Anita Chan Lai Ling Building and the grass in front of it in August 2013
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Jockey Club Auditorium in May 2019
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Block N and Logo Square in August 2013
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The bell tower is one of the gathering places for students. Taken in May 2019.
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A sitting-out area on campus in August 2013
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Li Ka Shing Tower in October 2013
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Communal Building in September 2018
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Shirley Chan Building, Choi Kai Yau Building and Mong Mn Wai Building in February 2013
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Ho Iu Kwong Building/Industrial Centre (Block W) in August 2018
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Y Core in January 2013
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Hotel Icon in July 2011
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Chiang Chen Studio Theatre in May 2019
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Aviation Services Research Centre 2019
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Block Z and Link Bridge, 2022
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School of Design Tower, 2018
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X Core, 2019
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Hung Hom Campus, 2020
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A main entrance, 2020
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PolyU Student Halls of Residence (Hung Hom)
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PolyU Student Halls of Residence (Homantin)
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PolyU West Kowloon Campus in February 2012
Notes Edit
See also Edit
References Edit
- ^ "校訓、願景及使命 (Chinese)". The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "Motto, Vision and Mission (Chinese)". www.polyu.edu.hk. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ "Four stages of development". www.polyu.edu.hk. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ a b c d e "Leadership". www.polyu.edu.hk. Retrieved 9 October 2021.
- ^ a b "Facts and Figures". www.polyu.edu.hk. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
- ^ "About the Campus – The Hong Kong Polytechnc University". Retrieved 2 April 2013.
- ^ "The Hong Kong Polytechnic University – Identity Guidelines". www2.polyu.edu.hk. Retrieved 4 December 2011.
- ^ "Brand Communication Guidelines". Communications and Public Affairs Office. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
- ^ "Cap. 1075 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Ordinance". Hong Kong e-Legislation. Hong Kong Department of Justice. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "Facts and figures PolyU". www.polyu.edu.hk. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ^ "The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (THE)". Times Higher Education (THE). 1 August 2022. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
- ^ "The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (QS)". www.topuniversities.com. 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
- ^ "Most international universities in the world 2023". Student. 25 January 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2023.
- ^ Waters, Deric Daniel (2000). "A brief history of technical education in Hong Kong 1863 to 1980 : a paper presented on the occasion of the 30th Anniversary: 12 October 2000". A brief history of technical education in Hong Kong. Hong Kong. pp. 1–16.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c d "Four stages of development". www.polyu.edu.hk. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ Leung, Yung; Tse, Wai Chi Vivian (May 2018). "An Exploration of the History of Vocational Education in Hong Kong". US-China Education Review B. 8 (5): 213–220. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ Waters, Deric Daniel (2002). "A brief history of technical education in Hong Kong – with special reference to the Polytechnic University". Profile: 16–23. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "Cap. 320 Post Secondary Colleges Ordinance". Hong Kong e-Legislation. Hong Kong Department of Justice. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
- ^ "Yau Tsim Mong District" (PDF). Electoral Affairs Commission. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
- ^ Dewolf, Christopher (3 October 2019). "Hong Kong's Modern Heritage 9: PolyU – James Kinoshita & Zaha Hadid". Zolima City Magazine. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
- ^ "Where does PolyU's signature red brick architecture come from?". www.polyu.edu.hk. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
- ^ Group, P&T. "Hong Kong Polytechnic University – P&T Group". web.p-t-group.com. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
- ^ "Hong Kong Polytechnic University footbridge planned". www.info.gov.hk. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
- ^ "About Jockey Club Auditorium". www.polyu.edu.hk. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- ^ "History". Lib.polyu.edu.hk: The University Learning Hub. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings by Subject 2021: Art & Design". www.topuniversities.com.
- ^ "PolyU Campus". www.polyu.edu.hk. Retrieved 13 March 2019.
- ^ "Faculties, Schools & Departments – PolyU". www.polyu.edu.hk. Retrieved 13 October 2019.
- ^ "Vision and Mission". PolyU Graduate School. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ . College of Professional and Continuing Education. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ "About". The Aviation Services Research Centre. Retrieved 9 December 2014.
- ^ "Research Labs, Institutes and Centres | Research | PolyU". www.polyu.edu.hk. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ "HKRITA". www.hkrita.com. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
- ^ "2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities". www.shanghairanking.com. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings 2024". www.topuniversities.com. 28 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
- ^ "QS Top 50 Under 50 2021". www.topuniversities.com. 12 December 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
- ^ "World University Rankings 2024". 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ "World Reputation Rankings". Times Higher Education (THE). 6 October 2022.
- ^ "Young University Rankings". Times Higher Education (THE). 27 July 2023.
- ^ "Hong Kong Polytechnic University". US News Best Global Universities. U.S. News & World Report L.P. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
- ^ "QS University Rankings: Asia 2022". www.topuniversities.com. 17 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ "Asia University Rankings". 22 June 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
- ^ "2022 Best Global Universities in Asia". U.S. News & World Report L.P. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ "Full Rankings | Rankings". research.unsw.edu.au. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
- ^ "QS Top 50 Under 50 2021". www.topuniversities.com. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ "The Times Higher Education Young University Rankings 2022". 15 February 2022.
- ^ "About PolyU – University Ranking". Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "World University Rankings by subject". Times Higher Education (THE). Retrieved 11 December 2022.
- ^ "The UTD Top 100 Worldwide Business School Rankings Based on Research Contributions (All Journals)". Retrieved 6 September 2022.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings by Subject 2020 – Hospitality & Leisure Management". www.topuniversities.com. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
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Bibliography Edit
- Waters, D. D., A brief history of technical education in Hong Kong – with special reference to the Polytechnic University (2002).
External links Edit
- Official website