fbpx
Wikipedia

History of science and technology

January 13, 2023

For historical accounts of the development of science, see History of science. For historical accounts of the development of technology, see History of technology. For approaches to the study of history of science and technology, see Historiography of science.

The history of science and technology (HST) is a field of history that examines the understanding of the natural world (science) and the ability to manipulate it (technology) at different points in time. This academic discipline also studies the cultural, economic, and political impacts of and contexts for scientific practices.

Academic study of history of science

See also: Historiography of science, History of technology, and History of mathematics

History of science is an academic discipline with an international community of specialists. Main professional organizations for this field include the History of Science Society, the British Society for the History of Science, and the European Society for the History of Science.

Much of the study of the history of science has been devoted to answering questions about what science is, how it functions, and whether it exhibits large-scale patterns and trends.[1]

History of the academic study of history of science

Histories of science were originally written by practicing and retired scientists,[2] starting primarily with William Whewell's History of the Inductive Sciences (1837), as a way to communicate the virtues of science to the public.[citation needed]

Auguste Comte proposed that there should be a specific discipline to deal with the history of science.[citation needed]

The development of the distinct academic discipline of the history of science and technology did not occur until the early 20th century.[citation needed] Historians have suggested that this was bound to the changing role of science during the same time period.[citation needed]

After World War I, extensive resources were put into teaching and researching the discipline, with the hopes that it would help the public better understand both Science and Technology as they came to play an exceedingly prominent role in the world.[citation needed]

In the decades since the end of World War II, history of science became an academic discipline, with graduate schools, research institutes, public and private patronage, peer-reviewed journals, and professional societies.[citation needed]

Formation of academic departments

In the United States, a more formal study of the history of science as an independent discipline was initiated by George Sarton's publications, Introduction to the History of Science (1927) and the journal Isis (founded in 1912).[citation needed] Sarton exemplified the early 20th-century view of the history of science as the history of great men and great ideas.[citation needed] He shared with many of his contemporaries a Whiggish belief in history as a record of the advances and delays in the march of progress.[citation needed]

The study of the history of science continued to be a small effort until the rise of Big Science after World War II.[citation needed] With the work of I. Bernard Cohen at Harvard, the history of science began to become an established subdiscipline of history in the United States.[3]

In the United States, the influential bureaucrat Vannevar Bush, and the president of Harvard, James Conant, both encouraged the study of the history of science as a way of improving general knowledge about how science worked, and why it was essential to maintain a large scientific workforce.[citation needed]

Universities with history of science and technology programs

Argentina

Australia

  • The University of Sydney offers both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in the History and Philosophy of Science, run by the Unit for the History and Philosophy of Science, within the Science Faculty. Undergraduate coursework can be completed as part of either a Bachelor of Science or a Bachelor of Arts Degree. Undergraduate study can be furthered by completing an additional Honours year. For postgraduate study, the Unit offers both coursework and research-based degrees. The two course-work based postgraduate degrees are the Graduate Certificate in Science (HPS) and the Graduate Diploma in Science (HPS). The two research based postgraduate degrees are a Master of Science (MSc) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).[4]

Belgium

Canada

France

Germany

Greece

India

History of science and technology is a well-developed field in India. At least three generations of scholars can be identified. The first generation includes D.D.Kosambi, Dharmpal, Debiprasad Chattopadhyay and Rahman. The second generation mainly consists of Ashis Nandy, Deepak Kumar, Dhruv Raina, S. Irfan Habib, Shiv Visvanathan, Gyan Prakash, Stan Lourdswamy, V.V. Krishna, Itty Abraham, Richard Grove, Kavita Philip, Mira Nanda and Rob Anderson. There is an emergent third generation that includes scholars like Abha Sur and Jahnavi Phalkey.[citation needed]

Departments and Programmes

The National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies had a research group active in the 1990s which consolidated social history of science as a field of research in India. Currently there are several institutes and university departments offering HST programmes.

  • Jawaharlal Nehru University has an Mphil-PhD program that offer specialisation in Social History of Science. It is at the History of Science and Education group of the Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies (ZHCES) in the School of Social Sciences. Renowned Indian science historians Deepak Kumar and Dhruv Raina teach here. Also, *Centre for Studies in Science Policy has an Mphil-PhD program that offers specialization in Science, Technology, and Society along with various allied subdisciplines.
  • Central University of Gujarat has an MPhil-PhD programme in Studies in Science, Technology & Innovation Policy at the Centre for Studies in Science, Technology & Innovation Policy (CSSTIP), where Social History of Science and Technology in India is a major emphasis for research and teaching.
  • Banaras Hindu University has programs: one in History of Science and Technology at the Faculty of Science and one in Historical and Comparative Studies of the Sciences and the Humanities at the Faculty of Humanities.
  • Andhra University has now set History of Science and Technology as a compulsory subject for all the First year B-Tech students.

Israel

Japan

Netherlands

  • Utrecht University, has two co-operating programs: one in History and Philosophy of Science at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and one in Historical and Comparative Studies of the Sciences and the Humanities at the Faculty of Humanities.[15][16]

Poland

Russia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Ukraine

  • State University of Infrastructure and Technologies, has a Department of Philosophy and History of Science and technology.[23]

United Kingdom

United States

Academic study of the history of science as an independent discipline was launched by George Sarton at Harvard with his book Introduction to the History of Science (1927) and the Isis journal (founded in 1912). Sarton exemplified the early 20th century view of the history of science as the history of great men and great ideas. He shared with many of his contemporaries a Whiggish belief in history as a record of the advances and delays in the march of progress. The History of Science was not a recognized subfield of American history in this period, and most of the work was carried out by interested Scientists and Physicians rather than professional Historians.[34] With the work of I. Bernard Cohen at Harvard, the history of Science became an established subdiscipline of history after 1945.[35]

  • Arizona State University's Center for Biology and Society offers several paths for MS or PhD students who are interested in issues surrounding the history and philosophy of the science, particularly biological sciences. The strength of the center has much to do with the success of its director Jane Maienschein. With a concentration in Biology and Society one can focus on History and Philosophy of Science, Bioscience Ethics, Policy and Law, or Ecology, Economics, and Ethics of the Environment.[36]
  • Brown University has a program in Science and Technology Studies[37] and the History of Mathematics.[38] (This program is in the process of being phased out. There are no longer any full-time faculty, and no new students are being admitted to the program.)
  • California Institute of Technology offers courses in the History and Philosophy of Science to fulfill its core humanities requirements.
  • Case Western Reserve University has an undergraduate interdisciplinary program in the History and Philosophy of Science[39] and a graduate program in the History of Science, Technology, Environment, and Medicine (STEM).[40]
  • Cornell University offers a variety of courses within the Science and Technology course. One notable course is called Science and Technology History, taught currently by Professor Peter Dear, which centers upon the development of Science and Technology History from the Newtonian era up to the Einsteinian revolution. This class is one of the longest running classes at Cornell University and is offered by the College of Arts and Sciences and caters to students who want to learn more about the development of modern science.[41]
  • Georgia Institute of Technology has an undergraduate and graduate program in the History of Technology and Society.[42]
  • Harvard has a large undergraduate and graduate program in History of Science, and is one of the largest departments currently in the world.[43]
  • Indiana University offers undergraduate courses and a masters and PhD program in the History and Philosophy of Science.[14]
  • Johns Hopkins University has an undergraduate and graduate program in the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology.[44]
  • University of Kings College has a degree program in History of Science and Technology
  • Lehigh University offers an undergraduate level STS concentration (founded in 1972) and a graduate program with emphasis on the History of Industrial America.[45]
  • Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a Science, Technology, and Society program which includes HST.[46]
  • Michigan State University offers an undergraduate major and minor in History, Philosophy, and Sociology of Science through its Lyman Briggs College.[47]
  • New Jersey Institute of Technology has a Science, Technology, and Society program which includes the History of Science and Technology[48]
  • Oregon State University offers a Masters and Ph.D. in History of Science through its Department of History.[49]
  • Princeton University has a program in the History of Science.[50]
  • Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute has a Science and Technology Studies department
  • Rutgers has a graduate Program in History of Science, Technology, Environment, and Health.[51]
  • Stanford has a History and Philosophy of Science and Technology program.[52]
  • Stevens Institute of Technology has an undergraduate and graduate program in the History of Science.
  • University of California, Berkeley offers a graduate degree in HST through its History program, and maintains a separate sub-department for the field.[53]
  • University of California, Los Angeles has a relatively large group History of Science and Medicine faculty and graduate students within its History department, and also offers an undergraduate minor in the History of Science.[54]
  • University of California, Santa Barbara has an interdisciplinary graduate program emphasis in Technology & Society through the Center for Information Technology & Society. The history department is affiliated with the emphasis.[55]
  • University of Chicago offers a B.A. program in the History, Philosophy, and Social Studies of Science and Medicine[56] as well as M.A. and Ph.D. degrees through its Committee on the Conceptual and Historical Studies of Science. The graduate program "has a special focus on the history of the human sciences" while also "differ[ing] from other programs in the history and philosophy of science in its emphasis on the importance of training in science."[57]
  • University of Florida has a Graduate Program in 'History of Science, Technology, and Medicine' at the University of Florida provides undergraduate and graduate degrees.[58]
  • University of Minnesota has a Ph.D. program in History of Science, Technology, and Medicine as well as undergraduate courses in these fields. The Minnesota model "integrates" historians of science, technology, and medicine within the various science departments they study, each holding a joint appointment.[59]
  • University of Oklahoma has an undergraduate minor and a graduate degree program in History of Science.[60]
  • University of Pennsylvania has a program in History and Sociology of Science.[61]
  • University of Pittsburgh's Department of History and Philosophy of Science offers graduate and undergraduate courses.[62]
  • University of Puget Sound has a Science, Technology, and Society program, which includes the history of Science and Technology.[63]
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison has one of the largest programs in History of Science, Medicine and Technology, with particular strength in Medical History, History of Biology, History of Science and Religion, and Environmental History. This program was the first to exist as an independent academic department. It offers M.A. and Ph.D. degrees as well as an undergraduate major.[64]
  • Wesleyan University has a Science in Society program.[65]
  • Yale University has a program in the History of Science and Medicine.[66]

Prominent historians of the field

See also the list of George Sarton medalists.

Journals and periodicals

See also

Professional societies

References

  1. ^ What is this thing called science?. Hackett Pub. 1999. ISBN 978-0-87220-452-2.
  2. ^ Reingold, Nathan (1986). "History of Science Today, 1. Uniformity as Hidden Diversity: History of Science in the United States, 1980-1960". British Journal for the History of Science. 19 (3): 243–262. doi:10.1017/S0007087400023268. S2CID 145350145.
  3. ^ Dauben JW, Gleason ML, Smith GE (2009). "Seven Decades of History of Science". Isis. 100 (1): 4–35. doi:10.1086/597575. PMID 19554868. S2CID 31401544.
  4. ^ The University of Sydney. "History and Philosophy of Science". Retrieved December 3, 2009.
  5. ^ Université de Liège. . Archived from the original on February 5, 2010. Retrieved January 3, 2010.
  6. ^ University of Toronto. "History and Philosophy of Science and Technology". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  7. ^ url = https://huronatwestern.ca/sites/default/files/Interdisc%20outlines/HISTSCI%202200E%20updated%20Winter%202020%20-%20Doyle.pdf |
  8. ^ University of King's College (8 September 2016). "History of Science & Technology". Retrieved November 14, 2016.
  9. ^ TEISSIER, Pierre. "Accueil - Centre François Viète d'épistémologie et d'histoire des sciences et des techniques". Centre François Viète (in French). Retrieved 2021-12-17.
  10. ^ Berlin Technical University. . Archived from the original on July 19, 2006. Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  11. ^ Tel Aviv University. "History and Philosophy of Science". Retrieved December 4, 2009.
  12. ^ "The Graduate Program in Science, Technology and Society at Bar-Ilan University". STS @ BIU.
  13. ^ Kyoto University (November 20, 2010). "Philosophy and History of Science". Retrieved September 16, 2013.
  14. ^ a b c Tokyo Institute of Technology. . Archived from the original on 2009-10-19. Retrieved September 16, 2013.
  15. ^ Utrecht University. . Archived from the original on June 14, 2006. Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  16. ^ Utrecht University. . Archived from the original on June 14, 2006. Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  17. ^ University of the Basque Country. (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2011.
  18. ^ University of the Basque Country. "THEORIA. International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science". Retrieved August 20, 2011.
  19. ^ Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. "Centre d'Història de la Ciència". Retrieved April 10, 2008.
  20. ^ Universitat Valencia. . Archived from the original on April 9, 2010. Retrieved April 10, 2010.
  21. ^ Linköping University. "Tema Teknik och social förändring". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  22. ^ University of Bern. . Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved December 21, 2006.
  23. ^ "The State University of Infrastructure and Technologies of Ukraine has a Department of Philosophy and History of Science and technology".
  24. ^ University of Bristol. "Department of Philosophy". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  25. ^ University of Cambridge. "History and Philosophy of Science". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  26. ^ University of Durham. "Department of Philosophy". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  27. ^ "History of the Sciences - School of History - University of Kent". www.kent.ac.uk. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  28. ^ University College London. "Science and Technology Studies". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  29. ^ University College London. "The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  30. ^ University of Leeds. . Archived from the original on August 4, 2006. Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  31. ^ University of Manchester. "History of Science, Technology and Medicine". Retrieved December 12, 2007.
  32. ^ University of Oxford. . Archived from the original on July 19, 2006. Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  33. ^ London Centre for the History of Science, Medicine and Technology. "History of Science, Medicine and Technology".
  34. ^ Nathan Reingold, "History of Science Today, 1. Uniformity as Hidden Diversity: History of Science in the United States, 1920-1940," British Journal for the History of Science 1986 19(3): 243-262
  35. ^ Dauben, JW; Gleason, ML; Smith, GE (2009). "Seven decades of history of science: I. Bernard Cohen (1914-2003), second editor of Isis". Isis; an International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences. 100 (1): 4–35. doi:10.1086/597575. PMID 19554868. S2CID 31401544.
  36. ^ Arizona State University. . Archived from the original on August 30, 2011. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
  37. ^ Brown University. "Committee of Science and Technology Studies".
  38. ^ Brown University. . Archived from the original on June 12, 2006. Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  39. ^ Case Western Reserve University. "History and Philosophy of Science". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  40. ^ Case Western Reserve University. "History of Science, Technology, Environment, and Medicine". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  41. ^ Cornell University. "Science and Technology Studies". Retrieved May 16, 2006.
  42. ^ Georgia Institute of Technology. "School of History, Technology, and Society". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  43. ^ Harvard University. "Department of the History of Science". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  44. ^ Johns Hopkins University. . Archived from the original on August 3, 2006. Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  45. ^ Lehigh University. . Archived from the original on July 13, 2006. Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  46. ^ Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Program in Science, Technology, and Society". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  47. ^ Michigan State University. . Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
  48. ^ New Jersey Institute of Technology. . Archived from the original on February 3, 2007. Retrieved February 28, 2007.
  49. ^ Oregon State University. . Archived from the original on October 22, 2007. Retrieved May 15, 2007.
  50. ^ Princeton University. "Program in History of Science". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  51. ^ Rutgers University. "History of Science, Technology, Environment, and Health". Retrieved May 19, 2013.
  52. ^ Stanford University. "History and Philosophy of Science and Technology". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  53. ^ University of California, Berkeley. "History of science and technology". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  54. ^ University of California, Los Angeles. . Archived from the original on August 28, 2006. Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  55. ^ University of California Santa Barbara. "Center for Information Technology & Society". Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  56. ^ University of Chicago. "2021-2022 Catalog - History, Philosophy, and Social Studies of Science and Medicine (HIPS)". Retrieved September 6, 2021.
  57. ^ University of Chicago. "Committee on the Conceptual and Historical Studies of Science - About Us". Retrieved September 6, 2021.
  58. ^ University of Florida. "Department of History". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  59. ^ University of Minnesota. "History of Science, Technology, and Medicine". Retrieved April 21, 2009.
  60. ^ University of Oklahoma. "Department of the History of Science". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  61. ^ University of Pennsylvania. "History & Sociology of Science". Retrieved July 30, 2006.
  62. ^ University of Pittsburgh. "History & Philosophy of Science". Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  63. ^ University of Puget Sound. "Science, Technology, & Society". Retrieved February 14, 2011.
  64. ^ University of Wisconsin–Madison. "History of Science". Retrieved June 24, 2008.
  65. ^ Wesleyan University. "Science in Society program". Retrieved April 29, 2009.
  66. ^ Yale University. "History of Science and Medicine". Retrieved July 30, 2006.

Bibliography

Historiography of science

  • H. Floris Cohen, The Scientific Revolution: A Historiographical Inquiry, University of Chicago Press 1994 - Discussion on the origins of modern science has been going on for more than two hundred years. Cohen provides an excellent overview.
  • Ernst Mayr, The Growth of Biological Thought, Belknap Press 1985
  • Michel Serres,(ed.), A History of Scientific Thought, Blackwell Publishers 1995
  • Companion to Science in the Twentieth Century, John Krige (Editor), Dominique Pestre (Editor), Taylor & Francis 2003, 941pp
  • The Cambridge History of Science, Cambridge University Press
    • Volume 4, Eighteenth-Century Science, 2003
    • Volume 5, The Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences, 2002

History of science as a discipline

  • J. A. Bennett, 'Museums and the Establishment of the History of Science at Oxford and Cambridge', British Journal for the History of Science 30, 1997, 29–46
  • Dietrich von Engelhardt, Historisches Bewußtsein in der Naturwissenschaft : von der Aufklärung bis zum Positivismus, Freiburg [u.a.] : Alber, 1979
  • A.-K. Mayer, 'Setting up a Discipline: Conflicting Agendas of the Cambridge History of Science Committee, 1936–1950.' Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 31, 2000

January 13, 2023
history, science, technology, historical, accounts, development, science, history, science, historical, accounts, development, technology, history, technology, approaches, study, history, science, technology, historiography, science, history, science, technolo. For historical accounts of the development of science see History of science For historical accounts of the development of technology see History of technology For approaches to the study of history of science and technology see Historiography of science The history of science and technology HST is a field of history that examines the understanding of the natural world science and the ability to manipulate it technology at different points in time This academic discipline also studies the cultural economic and political impacts of and contexts for scientific practices Contents 1 Academic study of history of science 1 1 History of the academic study of history of science 1 1 1 Formation of academic departments 2 Universities with history of science and technology programs 2 1 Argentina 2 2 Australia 2 3 Belgium 2 4 Canada 2 5 France 2 6 Germany 2 7 Greece 2 8 India 2 9 Israel 2 10 Japan 2 11 Netherlands 2 12 Poland 2 13 Russia 2 14 Spain 2 15 Sweden 2 16 Switzerland 2 17 United Kingdom 2 18 United States 3 Prominent historians of the field 4 Journals and periodicals 5 See also 6 Professional societies 7 References 8 BibliographyAcademic study of history of science EditSee also Historiography of science History of technology and History of mathematics History of science is an academic discipline with an international community of specialists Main professional organizations for this field include the History of Science Society the British Society for the History of Science and the European Society for the History of Science Much of the study of the history of science has been devoted to answering questions about what science is how it functions and whether it exhibits large scale patterns and trends 1 History of the academic study of history of science Edit The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this section discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new section as appropriate June 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Histories of science were originally written by practicing and retired scientists 2 starting primarily with William Whewell s History of the Inductive Sciences 1837 as a way to communicate the virtues of science to the public citation needed Auguste Comte proposed that there should be a specific discipline to deal with the history of science citation needed The development of the distinct academic discipline of the history of science and technology did not occur until the early 20th century citation needed Historians have suggested that this was bound to the changing role of science during the same time period citation needed After World War I extensive resources were put into teaching and researching the discipline with the hopes that it would help the public better understand both Science and Technology as they came to play an exceedingly prominent role in the world citation needed In the decades since the end of World War II history of science became an academic discipline with graduate schools research institutes public and private patronage peer reviewed journals and professional societies citation needed Formation of academic departments Edit The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject You may improve this section discuss the issue on the talk page or create a new section as appropriate June 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message In the United States a more formal study of the history of science as an independent discipline was initiated by George Sarton s publications Introduction to the History of Science 1927 and the journal Isis founded in 1912 citation needed Sarton exemplified the early 20th century view of the history of science as the history of great men and great ideas citation needed He shared with many of his contemporaries a Whiggish belief in history as a record of the advances and delays in the march of progress citation needed The study of the history of science continued to be a small effort until the rise of Big Science after World War II citation needed With the work of I Bernard Cohen at Harvard the history of science began to become an established subdiscipline of history in the United States 3 In the United States the influential bureaucrat Vannevar Bush and the president of Harvard James Conant both encouraged the study of the history of science as a way of improving general knowledge about how science worked and why it was essential to maintain a large scientific workforce citation needed Universities with history of science and technology programs EditArgentina Edit Buenos Aires Institute of Technology Argentina has been offering courses on History of the Technology and the Science National Technological University Argentina has a complete history program on its offered careers Australia Edit The University of Sydney offers both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in the History and Philosophy of Science run by the Unit for the History and Philosophy of Science within the Science Faculty Undergraduate coursework can be completed as part of either a Bachelor of Science or a Bachelor of Arts Degree Undergraduate study can be furthered by completing an additional Honours year For postgraduate study the Unit offers both coursework and research based degrees The two course work based postgraduate degrees are the Graduate Certificate in Science HPS and the Graduate Diploma in Science HPS The two research based postgraduate degrees are a Master of Science MSc and Doctor of Philosophy PhD 4 Belgium Edit University of Liege has a Department called Centre d histoire des Sciences et Techniques 5 Canada Edit Carleton University Ottawa offer courses in Ancient Science and Technology in its Technology Society and Environment program University of Toronto has a program in History and Philosophy of Science and Technology 6 Huron University College offers a course in the History of Science which follows the development and philosophy of science from 10 000 BCE to the modern day 7 University of King s College in Halifax Nova Scotia has a History of Science and Technology Program 8 France Edit Nantes University has a dedicated Department called Centre Francois Viete 9 Paris Diderot University Paris 7 has a Department of History and Philosophy of Science A CNRS research center in History and Philosophy of Science SPHERE affiliated with Paris Diderot University has a dedicated history of technology section Pantheon Sorbonne University Paris 1 has a dedicated Institute of History and Philosophy of Science and Technics The Ecole Normale Superieure de Paris has a history of science Department Germany Edit Technische Universitat Berlin has a program in the History of Science and Technology 10 Greece Edit The University of Athens has a Department of Philosophy and History of ScienceIndia Edit History of science and technology is a well developed field in India At least three generations of scholars can be identified The first generation includes D D Kosambi Dharmpal Debiprasad Chattopadhyay and Rahman The second generation mainly consists of Ashis Nandy Deepak Kumar Dhruv Raina S Irfan Habib Shiv Visvanathan Gyan Prakash Stan Lourdswamy V V Krishna Itty Abraham Richard Grove Kavita Philip Mira Nanda and Rob Anderson There is an emergent third generation that includes scholars like Abha Sur and Jahnavi Phalkey citation needed Departments and ProgrammesThe National Institute of Science Technology and Development Studies had a research group active in the 1990s which consolidated social history of science as a field of research in India Currently there are several institutes and university departments offering HST programmes Jawaharlal Nehru University has an Mphil PhD program that offer specialisation in Social History of Science It is at the History of Science and Education group of the Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies ZHCES in the School of Social Sciences Renowned Indian science historians Deepak Kumar and Dhruv Raina teach here Also Centre for Studies in Science Policy has an Mphil PhD program that offers specialization in Science Technology and Society along with various allied subdisciplines Central University of Gujarat has an MPhil PhD programme in Studies in Science Technology amp Innovation Policy at the Centre for Studies in Science Technology amp Innovation Policy CSSTIP where Social History of Science and Technology in India is a major emphasis for research and teaching Banaras Hindu University has programs one in History of Science and Technology at the Faculty of Science and one in Historical and Comparative Studies of the Sciences and the Humanities at the Faculty of Humanities Andhra University has now set History of Science and Technology as a compulsory subject for all the First year B Tech students Israel Edit Tel Aviv University The Cohn Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Ideas is a research and graduate teaching institute within the framework of the School of History of Tel Aviv University 11 Bar Ilan University has a graduate program in Science Technology and Society 12 Japan Edit Kyoto University has a program in the Philosophy and History of Science 13 Tokyo Institute of Technology has a program in the History Philosophy and Social Studies of Science and Technology 14 The University of Tokyo has a program in the History and Philosophy of Science 14 Netherlands Edit Utrecht University has two co operating programs one in History and Philosophy of Science at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and one in Historical and Comparative Studies of the Sciences and the Humanities at the Faculty of Humanities 15 16 Poland Edit Institute for the History of Science of the Polish Academy of Sciences offers PhD programmes and habilitation degrees in the fields of History of Science Technology and Ideas Russia Edit Spain Edit University of the Basque Country offers a master s degree and PhD programme in History and Philosophy of Science and runs since 1952 THEORIA International Journal for Theory History and Foundations of Science 17 18 The university also sponsors the Basque Museum of the History of Medicine and Science the only open museum of History of Science of Spain that in the past offered also PhD courses Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona offers a master s degree and PhD programme in HST together with the Universitat de Barcelona 19 Universitat de Valencia offers a master s degree and PhD programme in HST together with the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas 20 Sweden Edit Linkopings universitet has a Science Technology and Society program which includes HST 21 Switzerland Edit University of Bern has an undergraduate and a graduate program in the History and Philosophy of Science 22 Ukraine State University of Infrastructure and Technologies has a Department of Philosophy and History of Science and technology 23 United Kingdom Edit University of Bristol has a masters and PhD program in the Philosophy and History of Science 24 University of Cambridge has an undergraduate course and a large masters and PhD program in the History and Philosophy of Science including the History of Medicine 25 University of Durham has several undergraduate History of Science modules in the Philosophy department as well as Masters and PhD programs in the discipline 26 University of Kent has a Centre for the History of the Sciences which offers Masters programmes and undergraduate modules 27 University College London s Department of Science and Technology Studies offers undergraduate programme in History and Philosophy of Science including two BSc single honour degrees UCAS V550 and UCAS L391 plus both major and minor streams in history philosophy and social studies of science in UCL s Natural Sciences programme The department also offers MSc degrees in History and Philosophy of Science and in the study of contemporary Science Technology and Society An MPhil PhD research degree is offered too 28 UCL also contains a Centre for the History of Medicine 29 This operates a small teaching programme in History of Medicine University of Leeds has both undergraduate and graduate programmes in History and Philosophy of Science in the Department of Philosophy 30 University of Manchester offers undergraduate modules and postgraduate study in History of Science Technology and Medicine and is sponsored by the Wellcome Trust 31 University of Oxford has a one year graduate course in History of Science Instruments Museums Science Technology associated with the Museum of the History of Science 32 The London Centre for the History of Science Medicine and Technology this Centre closed in 2013 It was formed in 1987 and ran a taught MSc programme jointly taught by University College London s Department of Science and Technology Studies and Imperial College London The Masters programme transferred to UCL 33 United States Edit Academic study of the history of science as an independent discipline was launched by George Sarton at Harvard with his book Introduction to the History of Science 1927 and the Isis journal founded in 1912 Sarton exemplified the early 20th century view of the history of science as the history of great men and great ideas He shared with many of his contemporaries a Whiggish belief in history as a record of the advances and delays in the march of progress The History of Science was not a recognized subfield of American history in this period and most of the work was carried out by interested Scientists and Physicians rather than professional Historians 34 With the work of I Bernard Cohen at Harvard the history of Science became an established subdiscipline of history after 1945 35 Arizona State University s Center for Biology and Society offers several paths for MS or PhD students who are interested in issues surrounding the history and philosophy of the science particularly biological sciences The strength of the center has much to do with the success of its director Jane Maienschein With a concentration in Biology and Society one can focus on History and Philosophy of Science Bioscience Ethics Policy and Law or Ecology Economics and Ethics of the Environment 36 Brown University has a program in Science and Technology Studies 37 and the History of Mathematics 38 This program is in the process of being phased out There are no longer any full time faculty and no new students are being admitted to the program California Institute of Technology offers courses in the History and Philosophy of Science to fulfill its core humanities requirements Case Western Reserve University has an undergraduate interdisciplinary program in the History and Philosophy of Science 39 and a graduate program in the History of Science Technology Environment and Medicine STEM 40 Cornell University offers a variety of courses within the Science and Technology course One notable course is called Science and Technology History taught currently by Professor Peter Dear which centers upon the development of Science and Technology History from the Newtonian era up to the Einsteinian revolution This class is one of the longest running classes at Cornell University and is offered by the College of Arts and Sciences and caters to students who want to learn more about the development of modern science 41 Georgia Institute of Technology has an undergraduate and graduate program in the History of Technology and Society 42 Harvard has a large undergraduate and graduate program in History of Science and is one of the largest departments currently in the world 43 Indiana University offers undergraduate courses and a masters and PhD program in the History and Philosophy of Science 14 Johns Hopkins University has an undergraduate and graduate program in the History of Science Medicine and Technology 44 University of Kings College has a degree program in History of Science and Technology Lehigh University offers an undergraduate level STS concentration founded in 1972 and a graduate program with emphasis on the History of Industrial America 45 Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a Science Technology and Society program which includes HST 46 Michigan State University offers an undergraduate major and minor in History Philosophy and Sociology of Science through its Lyman Briggs College 47 New Jersey Institute of Technology has a Science Technology and Society program which includes the History of Science and Technology 48 Oregon State University offers a Masters and Ph D in History of Science through its Department of History 49 Princeton University has a program in the History of Science 50 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute has a Science and Technology Studies department Rutgers has a graduate Program in History of Science Technology Environment and Health 51 Stanford has a History and Philosophy of Science and Technology program 52 Stevens Institute of Technology has an undergraduate and graduate program in the History of Science University of California Berkeley offers a graduate degree in HST through its History program and maintains a separate sub department for the field 53 University of California Los Angeles has a relatively large group History of Science and Medicine faculty and graduate students within its History department and also offers an undergraduate minor in the History of Science 54 University of California Santa Barbara has an interdisciplinary graduate program emphasis in Technology amp Society through the Center for Information Technology amp Society The history department is affiliated with the emphasis 55 University of Chicago offers a B A program in the History Philosophy and Social Studies of Science and Medicine 56 as well as M A and Ph D degrees through its Committee on the Conceptual and Historical Studies of Science The graduate program has a special focus on the history of the human sciences while also differ ing from other programs in the history and philosophy of science in its emphasis on the importance of training in science 57 University of Florida has a Graduate Program in History of Science Technology and Medicine at the University of Florida provides undergraduate and graduate degrees 58 University of Minnesota has a Ph D program in History of Science Technology and Medicine as well as undergraduate courses in these fields The Minnesota model integrates historians of science technology and medicine within the various science departments they study each holding a joint appointment 59 University of Oklahoma has an undergraduate minor and a graduate degree program in History of Science 60 University of Pennsylvania has a program in History and Sociology of Science 61 University of Pittsburgh s Department of History and Philosophy of Science offers graduate and undergraduate courses 62 University of Puget Sound has a Science Technology and Society program which includes the history of Science and Technology 63 University of Wisconsin Madison has one of the largest programs in History of Science Medicine and Technology with particular strength in Medical History History of Biology History of Science and Religion and Environmental History This program was the first to exist as an independent academic department It offers M A and Ph D degrees as well as an undergraduate major 64 Wesleyan University has a Science in Society program 65 Yale University has a program in the History of Science and Medicine 66 Prominent historians of the field EditSee also the list of George Sarton medalists Wiebe Bijker Peter J Bowler Janet Browne Stephen G Brush James Burke Edwin Arthur Burtt 1892 1989 Johann Beckmann 1739 1811 Jim Bennett Herbert Butterfield 1900 1979 Martin Campbell Kelly Georges Canguilhem 1904 1995 Allan Chapman I Bernard Cohen 1914 2003 A C Crombie 1915 1996 E J Dijksterhuis 1892 1965 Pierre Duhem 1861 1916 A Hunter Dupree 1921 2019 George Dyson Jacques Ellul 1912 1994 Eugene S Ferguson 1916 2004 Peter Galison Sigfried Giedion Charles Coulston Gillispie Robert Gunther 1869 1940 Paul Forman Donna Haraway Peter Harrison Ahmad Y Hassan John L Heilbron Boris Hessen Reijer Hooykaas David A Hounshell Thomas P Hughes Evelyn Fox Keller Daniel Kevles Alexandre Koyre 1892 1964 Melvin Kranzberg Thomas Kuhn Deepak Kumar Gilbert LaFreniere Bruno Latour David C Lindberg G E R Lloyd Jane Maienschein Anneliese Maier Leo Marx Lewis Mumford 1895 1990 John E Murdoch 1927 2010 Otto Neugebauer 1899 1990 William R Newman David Noble Ronald Numbers David E Nye Abraham Pais 1918 2000 Trevor Pinch Theodore Porter Lawrence M Principe Raul Rojas Michael Ruse A I Sabra Jan Sapp George Sarton 1884 1956 Simon Schaffer Howard Segal 1948 2020 Steven Shapin Wolfgang Schivelbusch Charles Singer 1876 1960 Merritt Roe Smith Stephen Snobelen M Norton Wise Frances A Yates 1899 1981 Journals and periodicals EditAnnals of Science The British Journal for the History of Science Centaurus Dynamis History and Technology magazine History of Science and Technology journal History of Technology book series Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences HSPS Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences HSNS ICON IEEE Annals of the History of Computing Isis Journal of the History of Biology Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Notes and Records of the Royal Society Osiris Science amp Technology Studies Science in Context Science Technology amp Human Values Social History of Medicine Social Studies of Science Technology and Culture Transactions of the Newcomen Society Historia Mathematica Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument SocietySee also EditHistory of science History of technology Ancient Egyptian technology History of science and technology in China History of science and technology in Japan History of science and technology in France History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent Mesopotamian science Productivity improving technologies historical Science and technology in Argentina Science and technology in Canada Science and technology in Iran Science and technology in the United States Science in the medieval Islamic world Science tourism Technological and industrial history of the United States Timeline of science and engineering in the Islamic worldProfessional societies EditThe British Society for the History of Science BSHS History of Science Society HSS Newcomen Society Society for the History of Technology SHOT Society for the Social Studies of Science 4S Scientific Instrument SocietyReferences Edit What is this thing called science Hackett Pub 1999 ISBN 978 0 87220 452 2 Reingold Nathan 1986 History of Science Today 1 Uniformity as Hidden Diversity History of Science in the United States 1980 1960 British Journal for the History of Science 19 3 243 262 doi 10 1017 S0007087400023268 S2CID 145350145 Dauben JW Gleason ML Smith GE 2009 Seven Decades of History of Science Isis 100 1 4 35 doi 10 1086 597575 PMID 19554868 S2CID 31401544 The University of Sydney History and Philosophy of Science Retrieved December 3 2009 Universite de Liege CHST Archived from the original on February 5 2010 Retrieved January 3 2010 University of Toronto History and Philosophy of Science and Technology Retrieved July 30 2006 url https huronatwestern ca sites default files Interdisc 20outlines HISTSCI 202200E 20updated 20Winter 202020 20 20Doyle pdf University of King s College 8 September 2016 History of Science amp Technology Retrieved November 14 2016 TEISSIER Pierre Accueil Centre Francois Viete d epistemologie et d histoire des sciences et des techniques Centre Francois Viete in French Retrieved 2021 12 17 Berlin Technical University Philosophy Theory of Science and History of Science and Technology Archived from the original on July 19 2006 Retrieved July 30 2006 Tel Aviv University History and Philosophy of Science Retrieved December 4 2009 The Graduate Program in Science Technology and Society at Bar Ilan University STS BIU Kyoto University November 20 2010 Philosophy and History of Science Retrieved September 16 2013 a b c Tokyo Institute of Technology Department of History and Philosophy of Science Archived from the original on 2009 10 19 Retrieved September 16 2013 Utrecht University History and Philosophy of Science Archived from the original on June 14 2006 Retrieved July 30 2006 Utrecht University Historical and Comparative Studies of the Sciences and Humanities Archived from the original on June 14 2006 Retrieved July 30 2006 University of the Basque Country Master Universitario en Filosofia Ciencia y Valores in Spanish Archived from the original on June 13 2013 Retrieved August 31 2011 University of the Basque Country THEORIA International Journal for Theory History and Foundations of Science Retrieved August 20 2011 Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Centre d Historia de la Ciencia Retrieved April 10 2008 Universitat Valencia Instituto de Historia de la Medicina y de la Ciencia Lopez Pinero Archived from the original on April 9 2010 Retrieved April 10 2010 Linkoping University Tema Teknik och social forandring Retrieved July 30 2006 University of Bern History and Philosophy of Science Archived from the original on February 12 2009 Retrieved December 21 2006 The State University of Infrastructure and Technologies of Ukraine has a Department of Philosophy and History of Science and technology University of Bristol Department of Philosophy Retrieved July 30 2006 University of Cambridge History and Philosophy of Science Retrieved July 30 2006 University of Durham Department of Philosophy Retrieved July 30 2006 History of the Sciences School of History University of Kent www kent ac uk Retrieved 7 August 2016 University College London Science and Technology Studies Retrieved July 30 2006 University College London The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine Retrieved July 30 2006 University of Leeds History amp Philosophy of Science Archived from the original on August 4 2006 Retrieved July 30 2006 University of Manchester History of Science Technology and Medicine Retrieved December 12 2007 University of Oxford History of Science Instruments Museums Science Technology Archived from the original on July 19 2006 Retrieved July 30 2006 London Centre for the History of Science Medicine and Technology History of Science Medicine and Technology Nathan Reingold History of Science Today 1 Uniformity as Hidden Diversity History of Science in the United States 1920 1940 British Journal for the History of Science 1986 19 3 243 262 Dauben JW Gleason ML Smith GE 2009 Seven decades of history of science I Bernard Cohen 1914 2003 second editor of Isis Isis an International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences 100 1 4 35 doi 10 1086 597575 PMID 19554868 S2CID 31401544 Arizona State University Center for Biology and Society Education Archived from the original on August 30 2011 Retrieved October 11 2011 Brown University Committee of Science and Technology Studies Brown University History of Mathematics at Brown Archived from the original on June 12 2006 Retrieved July 30 2006 Case Western Reserve University History and Philosophy of Science Retrieved July 30 2006 Case Western Reserve University History of Science Technology Environment and Medicine Retrieved July 30 2006 Cornell University Science and Technology Studies Retrieved May 16 2006 Georgia Institute of Technology School of History Technology and Society Retrieved July 30 2006 Harvard University Department of the History of Science Retrieved July 30 2006 Johns Hopkins University History of Science Medicine and Technology Archived from the original on August 3 2006 Retrieved July 30 2006 Lehigh University The Science Technology and Society Program Archived from the original on July 13 2006 Retrieved July 30 2006 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Program in Science Technology and Society Retrieved July 30 2006 Michigan State University HPS at LBC Archived from the original on 11 December 2012 Retrieved 26 November 2012 New Jersey Institute of Technology Program in Science Technology and Society Archived from the original on February 3 2007 Retrieved February 28 2007 Oregon State University Graduate Programs Archived from the original on October 22 2007 Retrieved May 15 2007 Princeton University Program in History of Science Retrieved July 30 2006 Rutgers University History of Science Technology Environment and Health Retrieved May 19 2013 Stanford University History and Philosophy of Science and Technology Retrieved July 30 2006 University of California Berkeley History of science and technology Retrieved July 30 2006 University of California Los Angeles History of Science Program Archived from the original on August 28 2006 Retrieved July 30 2006 University of California Santa Barbara Center for Information Technology amp Society Retrieved October 6 2010 University of Chicago 2021 2022 Catalog History Philosophy and Social Studies of Science and Medicine HIPS Retrieved September 6 2021 University of Chicago Committee on the Conceptual and Historical Studies of Science About Us Retrieved September 6 2021 University of Florida Department of History Retrieved July 30 2006 University of Minnesota History of Science Technology and Medicine Retrieved April 21 2009 University of Oklahoma Department of the History of Science Retrieved July 30 2006 University of Pennsylvania History amp Sociology of Science Retrieved July 30 2006 University of Pittsburgh History amp Philosophy of Science Retrieved June 8 2010 University of Puget Sound Science Technology amp Society Retrieved February 14 2011 University of Wisconsin Madison History of Science Retrieved June 24 2008 Wesleyan University Science in Society program Retrieved April 29 2009 Yale University History of Science and Medicine Retrieved July 30 2006 Bibliography EditHistoriography of science H Floris Cohen The Scientific Revolution A Historiographical Inquiry University of Chicago Press 1994 Discussion on the origins of modern science has been going on for more than two hundred years Cohen provides an excellent overview Ernst Mayr The Growth of Biological Thought Belknap Press 1985 Michel Serres ed A History of Scientific Thought Blackwell Publishers 1995 Companion to Science in the Twentieth Century John Krige Editor Dominique Pestre Editor Taylor amp Francis 2003 941pp The Cambridge History of Science Cambridge University Press Volume 4 Eighteenth Century Science 2003 Volume 5 The Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences 2002History of science as a discipline J A Bennett Museums and the Establishment of the History of Science at Oxford and Cambridge British Journal for the History of Science 30 1997 29 46 Dietrich von Engelhardt Historisches Bewusstsein in der Naturwissenschaft von der Aufklarung bis zum Positivismus Freiburg u a Alber 1979 A K Mayer Setting up a Discipline Conflicting Agendas of the Cambridge History of Science Committee 1936 1950 Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 31 2000 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title History of science and technology amp oldid 1129103289, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.