Catecahassa or Black Hoof (c. 1740-1831) was the head civil chief of the ShawneeIndians in the Ohio Country of what became the United States. A member of the Mekoche division of the Shawnees, Black Hoof became known as a fierce warrior during the early wars between the Shawnee and encroaching American settlers. Black Hoof claimed to have been present at the Battle of the Monongahela in 1755, when General Edward Braddock was defeated during the French and Indian War, although there is no contemporary evidence that Shawnees took part in that battle.
Like Little Turtle of the Miamis, Black Hoof decided that American Indians needed to adapt culturally to the ways of the whites in order to prevent decimation through warfare. During his later years, Black Hoof became an ally of the United States and was responsible for keeping the majority of the Shawnee nation from joining Tecumseh's War, which became part of the War of 1812.
Black Hoof resisted the policy of Indian removal that the United States implemented soon after the War of 1812. He never signed a removal treaty, and continued to lead his tribe until his death in Saint Johns, Ohio in 1831. After his death, the Shawnee were eventually compelled to emigrate to the West.
References
^Lucien Beckner, "Eskippakithiki, The Last Indian Town in Kentucky," The Filson Club History Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 4, Oct 1932. Louisville, KY, pp 355-382
^"Hanna on Peter Charter", E.P. Grondine, posted Thu Feb 14, 2013.
Edmunds, R. David. (2001). "Forgotten Allies: The Loyal Shawnees and the War of 1812". In Skaggs, David Curtis; Nelson, Larry L. (eds.). The Sixty Years' War for the Great Lakes, 1754–1814. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press. pp. 337–51. ISBN0-87013-569-4.
Grant, Bruce. Concise Encyclopedia of the American Indian, 3rd ed., Wings Books: New York, 2000.
Sugden, John (1999). "Black Hoof". American National Biography. Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. ISBN0195127811.
External links
Address of Black Hoof to President Thomas Jefferson, 5 February 1802 at National Archives
January 20, 2023
black, hoof, catecahassa, 1740, 1831, head, civil, chief, shawnee, indians, ohio, country, what, became, united, states, member, mekoche, division, shawnees, became, known, fierce, warrior, during, early, wars, between, shawnee, encroaching, american, settlers. Catecahassa or Black Hoof c 1740 1831 was the head civil chief of the Shawnee Indians in the Ohio Country of what became the United States A member of the Mekoche division of the Shawnees Black Hoof became known as a fierce warrior during the early wars between the Shawnee and encroaching American settlers Black Hoof claimed to have been present at the Battle of the Monongahela in 1755 when General Edward Braddock was defeated during the French and Indian War although there is no contemporary evidence that Shawnees took part in that battle Black Hoof from a lithograph published in History of the Indian Tribes of North America Black Hoof s headstone in Saint Johns Ohio Little documentary evidence of Black Hoof s life appears in the historical record before 1795 As a child he may have been a member of a wandering band of some 400 Shawnees led by Peter Chartier between 1745 and 1748 who founded the community in Kentucky called Eskippakithiki 1 and later moved to Sylacauga Alabama eventually settling in Old Shawneetown Illinois 2 He probably took part in the Battle of Point Pleasant during Lord Dunmore s War against the Virginia militia in 1774 During the American Revolutionary War he may have taken part in the siege of Boonesborough in 1778 which was led by Chief Blackfish as well as the subsequent defense of the Shawnee village of Chillicothe in 1779 In the Northwest Indian War Black Hoof was defeated by Mad Anthony Wayne and following the collapse of the Indian confederation surrendered in 1795 Like Little Turtle of the Miamis Black Hoof decided that American Indians needed to adapt culturally to the ways of the whites in order to prevent decimation through warfare During his later years Black Hoof became an ally of the United States and was responsible for keeping the majority of the Shawnee nation from joining Tecumseh s War which became part of the War of 1812 Black Hoof resisted the policy of Indian removal that the United States implemented soon after the War of 1812 He never signed a removal treaty and continued to lead his tribe until his death in Saint Johns Ohio in 1831 After his death the Shawnee were eventually compelled to emigrate to the West References Edit Lucien Beckner Eskippakithiki The Last Indian Town in Kentucky The Filson Club History Quarterly Vol 6 No 4 Oct 1932 Louisville KY pp 355 382 Hanna on Peter Charter E P Grondine posted Thu Feb 14 2013 Edmunds R David 2001 Forgotten Allies The Loyal Shawnees and the War of 1812 In Skaggs David Curtis Nelson Larry L eds The Sixty Years War for the Great Lakes 1754 1814 East Lansing Michigan State University Press pp 337 51 ISBN 0 87013 569 4 Grant Bruce Concise Encyclopedia of the American Indian 3rd ed Wings Books New York 2000 Sugden John 1999 Black Hoof American National Biography Vol 2 Oxford University Press ISBN 0195127811 External links EditAddress of Black Hoof to President Thomas Jefferson 5 February 1802 at National Archives Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Black Hoof amp oldid 1099052725, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
