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Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region

January 04, 2023

The Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (often abbreviated as SNNPR; Amharic: የደቡብ ብሔር ብሔረሰቦችና ሕዝቦች ክልል, romanized: Yädäbub Bḥer Bḥeräsäbočna Hzboč Kllə) is a regional state in southwestern Ethiopia. It was formed from the merger of five kililoch, called Regions 7 to 11, following the regional council elections on 21 June 1992.[5] Its government is based in Hawassa.

Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region
የደቡብ ብሔር ብሔረሰቦችና ሕዝቦች ክልል
Regional state
From left: Lake Chamo; Hamer people; Sunset on Lake Awasa; Welayta and Kambaata dance respectively
Flag
Seal
Map of Ethiopia showing Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region
Country Ethiopia
Administrative headquartersHawassa
Government
 • Chief AdministratorErstu Yirdaw (Prosperity Party)
Area
 • Total54,400 km2 (21,000 sq mi)
 • Rank5
 [1]
Population
 (2017)
 • Total9,126,000[2]
 • Rank4
 [3]
ISO 3166 codeET-SN
HDI (2019)0.488[4]
low · 6th of 11

The SNNPR borders Kenya to the south (including a small part of Lake Turkana), the Ilemi Triangle (a region claimed by Kenya and South Sudan) to the southwest, the South West Ethiopia Region to the west, the Oromia Region to the north and east, and the Sidama Region to the east. The region's major cities and towns include Arba Minch, Sodo, Jinka, Dila, Boditi, Areka, Butajira, Welkite, Bonga, Hosaena and Worabe.

The regional government of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region is based in the city of Hawassa. Following the formation of the Sidama Region in June 2020, Hawassa is located outside of the boundaries of the region. The regional government is planning to move to a city within the region's boundaries after two consecutive national electoral cycles.[6] The largest cities in the region are Sodo with the population of 194,977 and Arba Minch with the population of 151,013 [7]

Demographics

 
Kambaata family in front of their tukul in the Kembata Tembaro Zone

Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), the SNNPR regional state had an estimated total population of 14,929,548, of whom 7,425,918 were men and 7,503,630 women. 13,433,991 or 89.98% of the population are estimated to be rural inhabitants, while 1,495,557 or 10.02% are urban; this makes the SNNPR Ethiopia's most rural region. With an estimated area of 105,887.18 square kilometers, this region has an estimated density of 141 people per square kilometer. For the entire region 3,110,995 households were counted, which results in an average for the region of 4.8 persons to a household, with urban households having on average 3.9 and rural households 4.9 people.[3] The projected population for 2017 was 19,170,007.[2]

In the previous census, conducted in 1994, the region's population was reported to be 10,377,028 of whom 5,161,787 were men and 5,215,241 were women. At the time of the census, the rural population of the Region accounted for 93.2% of the total population. Semien Omo, Wolayita, and Gurage were the three zones with the highest population. The population is concentrated mostly in eastern, northern and central part of the SNNPR while the western and southern part of the region is sparsely populated.

The SNNPR Water Resources Bureau announced that as of the fiscal year ending in 2006, they had increased the area of the region that had access to drinkable water to 54% from 10 to 15% 15 years ago.[8] In August 2008, the head of public relations for the Bureau, Abdulkerim Nesru, announced that 94 million birr had been spent to further increase the availability of drinkable water in the region from 58% in the previous year to 63.6%. Priority was given to certain zones, such as Sidama, Welayta and Gurage, as well as the Alaba special woreda and several resettlement areas.[9]

Values for other reported common indicators of the standard of living for the SNNPR as of 2005 include the following: 10.7% of the inhabitants fall into the lowest wealth quintile; adult literacy for men is 57% and for women 22.4%; and the Regional infant mortality rate is 85 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, which is greater than the nationwide average of 77; at least half of these deaths occurred in the infants’ first month of life.[10]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1994 10,377,028—    
2007 14,929,548+43.9%
2017 19,170,007+28.4%
source:[11]

Religion

Religion 1994 Census 2007 Census[3]
Protestants 34.8% 55.5%
Orthodox Christians 55.6% 19.86%
Muslim 16.7% 14.12%
Traditional religions 15.4% 6.6%
Roman Catholics 3% 2.4%
Other religious affiliations — 1.5%

Ethnicities

The SNNPR, being an amalgam of the main homelands of numerous ethnicities, contains over 45 indigenous ethnic groups.

Largest ethnicities
People 1994 Census 2007 Census[3]
Welayta 12% 10.59%
Hadiya - 7.98%
Gurage 15% 19.54%
Gamo - 7%
Kafficho - 5.44%
Silt'e - 5.37%
Amhara - 4.10%
All ethnicities in region
 
Hawassa Stadium in the regional state
 
Waterfalls in Arba Mich
 
Hawassa University in SNNPR

The ethnicities native to the SNNPR, with percentages of the population as reported in the 2007 national census and organized by linguistic grouping, include:[3]

Languages

The 2007 census reported that the predominantly spoken mother tongue languages include Sidama (19.59%), Welayta (10.48%), Hadiya (8%), Gurage languages (7.13%), Gamo (6.9%), Kafa (5.36%) and Amharic (4.10%). Other languages spoken in the State include Kambaata, Mello, Goffa, Gedeo and Dima; because of the relatively few number of speakers of most of the languages in the region, the working language of the state is Amharic (the most widely spoken language in Ethiopia and formerly the only official language).[3]

The 1994 census reported that the predominantly spoken languages include Sidamigna (18%), Guragigna (14.72%), Welayta (11.53%), Hadiyigna (8.53%), Keffigna (5.22%), and Kembatigna (4.35%). Other languages spoken in the State include Gamoigna, Mello, Goffa, and Gedeo.[12]

Amharic is still the working language although most pupils get eight years of primary education in their home language and all secondary and further education is in English.[13]

Agriculture

 
A Kambaata woman extracting the edible part of an enset (a major staple crop of the SNNPR) with a traditional tool.

The CSA reported that for 2004–2005 100,338 tons of coffee were produced in the SNNPR, based on inspection records from the Ethiopian Coffee and Tea authority. This represents 44.2% of the total production in Ethiopia.

Farmers in the Region had an estimated total 7,938,490 head of cattle (representing 20.5% of Ethiopia's total cattle), 3,270,200 sheep (18.8%), 2,289,970 goats (17.6%), 298,720 horses (19.7%), 63,460 mules (43.1%), 278,440 asses (11.1%), 6,586,140 poultry of all species (21.3%), and 726,960 beehives (16.7%).[14]

Enset is a major indigenous local crop in the SNNPR.

List of Chief Administrators

Main article: List of governors of the Regions of Ethiopia

Administrative zones

The following table shows administrative zones and special woredas (an administrative subdivision which is similar to an autonomous area is based on information from 2022; the list of second administrative level bodies maintained by the United Nations Geographic Information Working Group dates from 2002.[17]

Former zones

See also

References

  1. ^ (PDF). Central Statistics Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  2. ^ a b Population Projection of Ethiopia for All Regions At Wereda Level from 2014 – 2017. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Central Statistical Agency: The 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Statistical Report for Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region; Part I: Population Size and Characteristics. July 2010.
  4. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
  5. ^ Lyons, Terrence (1996). "Closing the Transition: The May 1995 Elections in Ethiopia". Journal of Modern African Studies. 34 (1): 135. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00055233. JSTOR 161741. S2CID 155079488.
  6. ^ "NEWS: SNNPRS Council approves legal framework which makes Hawassa city accountable to future Sidama Regional State". Addis Standard. 2019-10-18. Retrieved 2021-06-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ "Population Projection Towns as of July 2021" (PDF). Ethiopian Statistics Agency. 2021. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  8. ^ . Walta Information Center. 28 November 2006. Archived from the original on 7 October 2007.
  9. ^ . Walta Information Center. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
  10. ^ Macro International Inc. "2008. Ethiopia Atlas of Key Demographic and Health Indicators, 2005." (Calverton: Macro International, 2008), pp. 2, 3, 10 (accessed 28 January 2009)
  11. ^ Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region population statistics
  12. ^ . Archived from the original on 18 June 2008. Retrieved 10 May 2006.
  13. ^ Kathleen Heugh: Margins, Diversity and Achievement: System-Wide Data and Implementation of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia, p. 48, at Google Books. In: Durk Gorter, Victoria Zenotz, Jasone Cenoz (eds.): Minority Languages and Multilingual Education: Bridging the Local and the Global. Springer 2013, ISBN 978-94-007-7317-2.
  14. ^ (PDF). Tables D.4–D.7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 November 2008.
  15. ^ a b c "Ethiopia Regions". Worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
  16. ^ a b "Ethiopia: Dessie Dalke Appointed As Chief of South Ethiopia State". AllAfrica.com. Ethiopian Radio and Television Agency. July 13, 2013. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
  17. ^ "Names and codes for January 2000, Ethiopia". World Health Organization. The information in the WHO spreadsheet is built on information received 18 September 2002 from the Ethiopian Ministry of Federal Affairs.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region.
  • Official website
  • Map of Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region at UN-OCHA[permanent dead link] (PDF file)
  • (PDF file)
  • Ethiopia's Vanishing Tribes slideshow by Life magazine

Coordinates: 6°03′31″N 36°43′38″E / 6.05862°N 36.7273°E / 6.05862; 36.7273

January 04, 2023
southern, nations, nationalities, peoples, region, often, abbreviated, snnpr, amharic, የደቡብ, ብሔር, ብሔረሰቦችና, ሕዝቦች, ክልል, romanized, yädäbub, bḥer, bḥeräsäbočna, hzboč, kllə, regional, state, southwestern, ethiopia, formed, from, merger, five, kililoch, called, re. The Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region often abbreviated as SNNPR Amharic የደቡብ ብሔር ብሔረሰቦችና ሕዝቦች ክልል romanized Yadabub Bḥer Bḥerasabocna Hzboc Klle is a regional state in southwestern Ethiopia It was formed from the merger of five kililoch called Regions 7 to 11 following the regional council elections on 21 June 1992 5 Its government is based in Hawassa Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region የደቡብ ብሔር ብሔረሰቦችና ሕዝቦች ክልልRegional stateFrom left Lake Chamo Hamer people Sunset on Lake Awasa Welayta and Kambaata dance respectivelyFlagSealMap of Ethiopia showing Southern Nations Nationalities and People s RegionCountry EthiopiaAdministrative headquartersHawassaGovernment Chief AdministratorErstu Yirdaw Prosperity Party Area Total54 400 km2 21 000 sq mi Rank5 1 Population 2017 Total9 126 000 2 Rank4 3 ISO 3166 codeET SNHDI 2019 0 488 4 low 6th of 11The SNNPR borders Kenya to the south including a small part of Lake Turkana the Ilemi Triangle a region claimed by Kenya and South Sudan to the southwest the South West Ethiopia Region to the west the Oromia Region to the north and east and the Sidama Region to the east The region s major cities and towns include Arba Minch Sodo Jinka Dila Boditi Areka Butajira Welkite Bonga Hosaena and Worabe The regional government of the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region is based in the city of Hawassa Following the formation of the Sidama Region in June 2020 Hawassa is located outside of the boundaries of the region The regional government is planning to move to a city within the region s boundaries after two consecutive national electoral cycles 6 The largest cities in the region are Sodo with the population of 194 977 and Arba Minch with the population of 151 013 7 Contents 1 Demographics 1 1 Religion 1 2 Ethnicities 1 3 Languages 2 Agriculture 3 List of Chief Administrators 4 Administrative zones 4 1 Former zones 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDemographics EditThis section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information December 2021 Kambaata family in front of their tukul in the Kembata Tembaro Zone Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia CSA the SNNPR regional state had an estimated total population of 14 929 548 of whom 7 425 918 were men and 7 503 630 women 13 433 991 or 89 98 of the population are estimated to be rural inhabitants while 1 495 557 or 10 02 are urban this makes the SNNPR Ethiopia s most rural region With an estimated area of 105 887 18 square kilometers this region has an estimated density of 141 people per square kilometer For the entire region 3 110 995 households were counted which results in an average for the region of 4 8 persons to a household with urban households having on average 3 9 and rural households 4 9 people 3 The projected population for 2017 was 19 170 007 2 In the previous census conducted in 1994 the region s population was reported to be 10 377 028 of whom 5 161 787 were men and 5 215 241 were women At the time of the census the rural population of the Region accounted for 93 2 of the total population Semien Omo Wolayita and Gurage were the three zones with the highest population The population is concentrated mostly in eastern northern and central part of the SNNPR while the western and southern part of the region is sparsely populated The SNNPR Water Resources Bureau announced that as of the fiscal year ending in 2006 they had increased the area of the region that had access to drinkable water to 54 from 10 to 15 15 years ago 8 In August 2008 the head of public relations for the Bureau Abdulkerim Nesru announced that 94 million birr had been spent to further increase the availability of drinkable water in the region from 58 in the previous year to 63 6 Priority was given to certain zones such as Sidama Welayta and Gurage as well as the Alaba special woreda and several resettlement areas 9 Values for other reported common indicators of the standard of living for the SNNPR as of 2005 update include the following 10 7 of the inhabitants fall into the lowest wealth quintile adult literacy for men is 57 and for women 22 4 and the Regional infant mortality rate is 85 infant deaths per 1 000 live births which is greater than the nationwide average of 77 at least half of these deaths occurred in the infants first month of life 10 Historical populationYearPop 199410 377 028 200714 929 548 43 9 201719 170 007 28 4 source 11 Religion Edit Religion 1994 Census 2007 Census 3 Protestants 34 8 55 5 Orthodox Christians 55 6 19 86 Muslim 16 7 14 12 Traditional religions 15 4 6 6 Roman Catholics 3 2 4 Other religious affiliations 1 5 Ethnicities Edit The SNNPR being an amalgam of the main homelands of numerous ethnicities contains over 45 indigenous ethnic groups Largest ethnicities People 1994 Census 2007 Census 3 Welayta 12 10 59 Hadiya 7 98 Gurage 15 19 54 Gamo 7 Kafficho 5 44 Silt e 5 37 Amhara 4 10 All ethnicities in region Hawassa Stadium in the regional state Waterfalls in Arba Mich Hawassa University in SNNPR The ethnicities native to the SNNPR with percentages of the population as reported in the 2007 national census and organized by linguistic grouping include 3 Cushitic Alaba 1 35 mostly in Alaba special woreda Tembaro 1 32 mostly in Tembaro Woreda Arbore 0 04 Daasanach 0 32 mostly in Dasenech woreda Dirashe 0 2 mostly in Dirashe special woreda Gawwada 0 43 mostly in Dirashe special woreda Gedeo 4 9 mostly in Gedeo Zone Hadiya 7 98 mostly in Hadiya Zone Kambaata 3 82 mostly in Kembata Tembaro Zone Burji 0 38 mostly in Burji special woreda Konso 1 47 mostly in Konso special woreda Libido or Mareqo 0 38 mostly in Mareko woreda Sidama 19 38 mostly in the former Sidama Zone Kebena 1 21 mostly in Kebena Tsamai 0 13 mostly in Bena Tsemay woreda Nilo Saharan Bodi 0 04 Kichepo Kwegu 0 01 Me en 1 Mursi 0 05 mostly in South Omo Zone Nyangatom 0 12 mostly in Nyangatom Shabo mostly in Keficho Shekicho Zone Shita people Suri Surma 0 17 mostly in Surma woreda Omotic Aari 1 9 mostly in Bako Gazer woreda Basketo 0 52 mostly in Basketo special woreda Bench 2 34 mostly in Bench Maji Zone Chara 0 08 mostly in South Omo Zone Dawro 3 28 mostly in Dawro Zone Dime lt 0 01 Dizi 0 23 mostly in Maji woreda Dorze mostly in Chencha woreda Gamo 7 mostly in Gamo Gofa Zone Goffa 2 41 mostly in Gamo Gofa Zone Hamar 0 31 mostly in Hamer woreda Kachama mostly in Arba Minch woreda Karo 0 01 Kafficho 5 44 mostly in Keffa Zone Konta 0 54 mostly in Konta special woreda Koorete 1 02 mostly in Amaro special woreda Male 0 59 mostly in Male woreda Mello mostly in Melokoza woreda Oyda 0 25 mostly in Oyda woreda Shakacho 0 44 mostly in Sheka Zone Sheko 0 24 mostly in Sheko woreda Welayta 10 59 mostly in Wolayita Zone Yem Yemse 0 5 mostly in Yem special woreda Semitic Amhara 4 10 widespread Gurage 17 57 mostly in Gurage Zone Silte 5 37 mostly in Silt e Zone Zayse 0 1 mostly in the Lake Zway area Zergula Languages Edit The 2007 census reported that the predominantly spoken mother tongue languages include Sidama 19 59 Welayta 10 48 Hadiya 8 Gurage languages 7 13 Gamo 6 9 Kafa 5 36 and Amharic 4 10 Other languages spoken in the State include Kambaata Mello Goffa Gedeo and Dima because of the relatively few number of speakers of most of the languages in the region the working language of the state is Amharic the most widely spoken language in Ethiopia and formerly the only official language 3 The 1994 census reported that the predominantly spoken languages include Sidamigna 18 Guragigna 14 72 Welayta 11 53 Hadiyigna 8 53 Keffigna 5 22 and Kembatigna 4 35 Other languages spoken in the State include Gamoigna Mello Goffa and Gedeo 12 Amharic is still the working language although most pupils get eight years of primary education in their home language and all secondary and further education is in English 13 Agriculture Edit A Kambaata woman extracting the edible part of an enset a major staple crop of the SNNPR with a traditional tool The CSA reported that for 2004 2005 100 338 tons of coffee were produced in the SNNPR based on inspection records from the Ethiopian Coffee and Tea authority This represents 44 2 of the total production in Ethiopia Farmers in the Region had an estimated total 7 938 490 head of cattle representing 20 5 of Ethiopia s total cattle 3 270 200 sheep 18 8 2 289 970 goats 17 6 298 720 horses 19 7 63 460 mules 43 1 278 440 asses 11 1 6 586 140 poultry of all species 21 3 and 726 960 beehives 16 7 14 Enset is a major indigenous local crop in the SNNPR List of Chief Administrators EditMain article List of governors of the Regions of Ethiopia Abate Kisho SEPDM 1992 2001 15 Hailemariam Desalegn 12 November 2001 March 2006 15 Shiferaw Shigute SEPDM March 2006 July 2013 15 16 Dessie Dalke July 2013 2018 16 Million Mathiwos 2018 2019 Erstu Yirdaw August 31 2019 presentAdministrative zones EditThe following table shows administrative zones and special woredas an administrative subdivision which is similar to an autonomous area is based on information from 2022 the list of second administrative level bodies maintained by the United Nations Geographic Information Working Group dates from 2002 17 Zones and Special Woredas in SNNPR Number Zone Seat1 Gamo Zone Arba Minch2 Gofa Zone Sawula3 Gedeo Zone Dilla4 Gurage Zone Welkite5 Hadiya Zone Hosaena6 Kembata Tembaro Zone Durame7 Silt e Zone Worabe8 Debub Omo Zone Jinka9 Wolayita Zone Sodo10 Alaba Zone Halaba Kulito11 Amaro special woreda Kele12 Alle Special Woreda13 Basketo special woreda Laska14 Burji special woreda Soyama15 Dirashe special woreda Gidole16 Konso Zone Karat17 Yem special woreda FofaFormer zones Edit Keficho Shekicho Zone North Omo ZoneSee also EditList of districts in the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples RegionReferences Edit 2011 National Statistics PDF Central Statistics Agency Archived from the original PDF on 23 September 2015 Retrieved 29 June 2014 a b Population Projection of Ethiopia for All Regions At Wereda Level from 2014 2017 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Central Statistical Agency Retrieved 4 June 2018 a b c d e f Central Statistical Agency The 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia Statistical Report for Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region Part I Population Size and Characteristics July 2010 Sub national HDI Area Database Global Data Lab hdi globaldatalab org Retrieved 2018 09 13 Lyons Terrence 1996 Closing the Transition The May 1995 Elections in Ethiopia Journal of Modern African Studies 34 1 135 doi 10 1017 S0022278X00055233 JSTOR 161741 S2CID 155079488 NEWS SNNPRS Council approves legal framework which makes Hawassa city accountable to future Sidama Regional State Addis Standard 2019 10 18 Retrieved 2021 06 16 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Population Projection Towns as of July 2021 PDF Ethiopian Statistics Agency 2021 Retrieved 31 May 2022 Potable water expansion works underway with over 60mln birr in SNNP State Walta Information Center 28 November 2006 Archived from the original on 7 October 2007 SNNP State builds repairs water facilities with over 94 mln birr Walta Information Center Archived from the original on 25 May 2011 Retrieved 2 March 2009 Macro International Inc 2008 Ethiopia Atlas of Key Demographic and Health Indicators 2005 Calverton Macro International 2008 pp 2 3 10 accessed 28 January 2009 Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region population statistics FDRE States Basic Information Southern nations and Nationalities Archived from the original on 18 June 2008 Retrieved 10 May 2006 Kathleen Heugh Margins Diversity and Achievement System Wide Data and Implementation of Multilingual Education in Ethiopia p 48 at Google Books In Durk Gorter Victoria Zenotz Jasone Cenoz eds Minority Languages and Multilingual Education Bridging the Local and the Global Springer 2013 ISBN 978 94 007 7317 2 CSA 2005 National Statistics PDF Tables D 4 D 7 Archived from the original PDF on 18 November 2008 a b c Ethiopia Regions Worldstatesmen org Retrieved October 1 2013 a b Ethiopia Dessie Dalke Appointed As Chief of South Ethiopia State AllAfrica com Ethiopian Radio and Television Agency July 13 2013 Retrieved October 1 2013 Names and codes for January 2000 Ethiopia World Health Organization The information in the WHO spreadsheet is built on information received 18 September 2002 from the Ethiopian Ministry of Federal Affairs External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region Official website Map of Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region at UN OCHA permanent dead link PDF file Map of Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region at DPPA of Ethiopia PDF file Ethiopia s Vanishing Tribes slideshow by Life magazine Coordinates 6 03 31 N 36 43 38 E 6 05862 N 36 7273 E 6 05862 36 7273 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples 27 Region amp oldid 1127026734, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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