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Hans Scharoun

August 17, 2023

Bernhard Hans Henry Scharoun (20 September 1893 – 25 November 1972) was a German architect best known for designing the Berliner Philharmonie (home to the Berlin Philharmonic) and the Schminke House in Löbau, Saxony. He was an important exponent of organic and expressionist architecture.

Hans Scharoun (right), with Otto Nagel.
Berliner Philharmonie

Life

1893 to 1924

Scharoun was born in Bremen. After passing his Abitur in Bremerhaven in 1912, Scharoun studied architecture at the Technical University of Berlin until 1914 (at the time called Königliche Technische Hochschule, the Royal Technical University of Berlin), but he did not complete his studies. He had already shown an interest in architecture during his school years. At the age of 16 he drafted his first designs, and at 18 he entered for the first time an architectural competition for the modernisation of a church in Bremerhaven.

In 1914 he volunteered to serve in the First World War. Paul Kruchen, his mentor from his time in Berlin, had asked him to assist in a reconstruction program for East Prussia. In 1919, after the war, Scharoun assumed responsibility for its office as a freelance architect in Breslau (Wrocław). There and in Insterburg (Chernyakhovsk), he realised numerous projects and organised art exhibitions, such as the first exhibition of the expressionist group of artists, Die Brücke, in East Prussia.

1925 to 1932

 
Ledigenheim in Breslau, 1929

He received a professorship at the Staatliche Akademie für Kunst und Kunstgewerbe Breslau (Breslau Academy for Arts and Crafts) where he taught until its closure in 1932. In 1919 he had joined Bruno Taut's expressionist architects group the Glass Chain. In 1926 he entered the architects association Der Ring. In 1927 Scharoun built a house in the Stuttgart Weissenhof Estate. He had responsibility at the end of the twenties for the development plan of a large housing estate, Großsiedlung Siemensstadt, in Berlin. Hugo Häring's theory of the new building inspired Scharoun in a new architectural direction that departed from rationalism and from preformulated schemata, in order to develop buildings starting in each case from a unique functional character.[citation needed] The organization of social living space played a central role.

1933 to 1945

During the Nazi era he remained in Germany, whilst many of his friends and colleagues from the Glass Chain or Der Ring went abroad. In this time he only built a few family houses, one of which is the remarkable Schminke house (publicly accessible) in the city of Löbau in Saxony (1933). Subsequent houses had to adapt outwardly to politically determined construction specifications, while on the inside they displayed the typically Scharounian sequences of spaces. During the war he was busy with reconstruction after bomb damage. He recorded his architectural ideas and visions secretly in numerous watercolors. With these imaginary architectures he prepared mentally for a time after the Nazis.

1946 to 1972

After the end of the Second World War he was appointed by the Allies to the city building council and named director of the Abteilung Bau- und Wohnungswesen des Magistrats (Department of Building and Municipal Housing). In an exhibition in the destroyed ruins of the Berliner Schloss (Berlin City Palace) titled Berlin plant — Erster Bericht (Berlin Plans - First Report), he presented his conceptions for the reconstruction of Berlin and the palace itself. Immediately he found himself in a political no-man's land as the division of the city was becoming apparent.

In 1946 he became a professor at the faculty for architecture at the Technical University of Berlin, with a teaching post at the Lehrstuhl und Institut für Städtebau (Institute for Urban Building).

After the war he was able to realise his architectural understanding, both ambitious and humanistic, in exemplary buildings; e.g., in the Stuttgart apartment towers of Romeo and Julia (1954–59), in the Geschwister-Scholl-Gymnasium in Lünen (1956–62) and in the famed Philharmonic concert hall in Berlin (1956–63).

Common to all these buildings is a new kind of entrance to an extremely imaginative and socially differentiated organization of space. The school is planned like a small, child-friendly city, and the apartment towers allow for flexible allocation of space and function. The Philharmonic Concert Hall, internationally recognised as one of the most successful buildings of its kind, is considered as Scharoun's best work. Around the center of the music podium the ranks of spectators rise in irregularly placed terraces, and the ceiling planes layer themselves like a tent-like firmament over the architectural landscape.

The German Embassy in Brasília (1963–69) remains the only building that he built outside of Germany.

After 1972

Some of his most important buildings were only finished after his 1972 death in Berlin, including the Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum (German Maritime Museum), the theatre in Wolfsburg and the Staatsbibliothek (State Library) in Berlin. The extension to the Berliner Philharmonie around the Kammermusiksaal and the Staatliche Institut für Musikforschung Preußischer Kulturbesitz mit Musikinstrumentemuseum (Institute for Music Research and Musical Instrument Museum, Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation) developed under the supervision of his office partner Edgar Wisniewski, who took over the office after Scharoun's death. During the 1980s, the facade of the Philharmonic Concert Halls was provided with a cladding of gold-anodized aluminum plates; originally it was a white and ocher painted concrete facade.

Scharoun's original designs had planned a similar cladding, which was not implemented at the time for cost reasons. After the reunification of Berlin Potsdamer Platz, adjacent to the east of the Kulturforum, was rebuilt; by this Scharoun's designs concerning city redevelopment of the area could finally be recorded as complete.

Awards and prizes

From 1955 to 1968 he was the president of the Berliner Akademie der Künste (West); in 1968 he was honorary president. He died, aged 79, in West Berlin.

Hans Scharoun was a founding member of the Paul Hindemith society in Berlin.

Work

  •  

    Residential building, Weissenhof Estate, Stuttgart

  •  

    Chamber music hall (right) and Philharmonic in Berlin

  •  

    An early work of Scharoun: Hostel in the WuWa-Werkbund exposition in Breslau

  •  

    A late work of Scharoun: Theatre in Wolfsburg, opened 1973

  •  

    Romeo & Julia, high-rise apartments, Stuttgart-Rot (1954–59)

  •  

    Salute, high-rise apartments, Stuttgart-Fasanenhof (1961–63)

  •  

    Rauher Kapf, residential district, Böblingen (1965)

  •  

    Orplid, high-rise apartments, Böblingen (1971)

Buildings (selected)

Projects (selected)

  • Competition - Prenzlau Cathedral Square, 1st Prize, (1919)
  • Competition - German hygiene museum, Dresden, (1920)
  • Competition - Multistorey building at Friedrichstraße station, Berlin, (1922)
  • Competition - Münsterplatz Ulm, (1925)
  • Competition - Town hall and Exhibition spaces, Bremen, (1928)
  • Competition - Liederhalle concert hall, Stuttgart, 1st Prize, (1949)
  • Competition - American Memorial Library, Berlin, (1951)
  • Design for a primary school, Darmstadt, (1951)
  • Competition - Land development, Isle of Helgoland, (1952)
  • Competition - Theater, Kassel, 1st Prize, (1952)
  • Competition - National Theater, Mannheim, 3rd Prize, (1953)

Writings

  • 1925 Preliminary lecture at the Staatlichen Akademie für Kunst und Kunstgewerbe (State Academy for Arts and Crafts), Breslau

Sources

  • Archiv der Akademie der Künste
  • Bestandsübersicht
  • Translated from the German Wikipedia page at de:Hans Scharoun

Bibliography (selected)

  • Bürkle, J. Christoph: "Hans Scharoun", Studio Paperback, Birkhäuser, Basel 1993, ISBN 3-7643-5581-6
  • Genovese, Paolo Vincenzo, "Hans Scharoun, Scuola a Lünen", Testo & Immagine, Torino, 2001.
  • Jones, Peter Blundell: "Hans Scharoun — a monograph", 1978, ISBN 0-900406-57-7
  • Jones, Peter Blundell: "Hans Scharoun", London 1993/1997, ISBN 0-7148-2877-7 (Hardback) ISBN 0-7148-3628-1 (Paperback)
  • Jones, Peter Blundell; "Hans Scharoun: Buildings in Berlin", 2002, ISBN 0-9714091-2-9
  • Kirschenmann, Jörg C. und Syring, Eberhard: "Hans Scharoun", Taschen Basic Architecture, Taschen, Köln 2004, ISBN 3-8228-2778-9

(in German)

  • Barkhofen, Eva-Maria: Hans Scharoun - Architektur auf Papier. Visionen aus vier Jahrzehnten (1909 - 1945), Berlin Munich 2022, ISBN 978-3-422-98763-0
  • Bürkle, J. Christoph: "Hans Scharoun und die Moderne — Ideen, Projekte, Theaterbau", Frankfurt am Main 1986
  • Janofske, Eckehard: "Architektur-Räume, Idee und Gestalt bei Hans Scharoun", Braunschweig 1984
  • Jones, Peter Blundell: "Hans Scharoun — Eine Monographie", Stuttgart 1980
  • Kirschenmann, Jörg C. und Syring, Eberhard: "Hans Scharoun — Die Forderung des Unvollendeten", Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-421-03048-0
  • Pfankuch, Peter (Hrsg.): "Hans Scharoun — Bauten, Entwürfe, Texte", Schriftenreihe der Akademie der Künste Band 10, Berlin 1974, Neuauflage 1993, ISBN 3-88331-971-6
  • Ruby, Andreas und Ilka: Hans Scharoun. Haus Möller. Köln 2004.
  • Syring, Eberhard und Kirschenmann, Jörg C.: "Hans Scharoun — Außenseiter der Moderne", Taschen, Köln 2004, ISBN 3-8228-2449-6
  • Wendschuh, Achim (Hrsg.): "Hans Scharoun — Zeichnungen, Aquarelle, Texte", Schriftenreihe der Akademie der Künste Band 22, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-88331-972-4
  • Wisniewski, Edgar: "Die Berliner Philharmonie und ihr Kammermusiksaal. Der Konzertsaal als Zentralraum", Berlin 1993

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hans Scharoun.

August 17, 2023
hans, scharoun, bernhard, hans, henry, scharoun, september, 1893, november, 1972, german, architect, best, known, designing, berliner, philharmonie, home, berlin, philharmonic, schminke, house, löbau, saxony, important, exponent, organic, expressionist, archit. Bernhard Hans Henry Scharoun 20 September 1893 25 November 1972 was a German architect best known for designing the Berliner Philharmonie home to the Berlin Philharmonic and the Schminke House in Lobau Saxony He was an important exponent of organic and expressionist architecture Hans Scharoun right with Otto Nagel Berliner Philharmonie Contents 1 Life 1 1 1893 to 1924 1 2 1925 to 1932 1 3 1933 to 1945 1 4 1946 to 1972 1 5 After 1972 1 6 Awards and prizes 2 Work 2 1 Buildings selected 2 2 Projects selected 2 3 Writings 3 Sources 4 Bibliography selected 5 External linksLife Edit1893 to 1924 Edit Scharoun was born in Bremen After passing his Abitur in Bremerhaven in 1912 Scharoun studied architecture at the Technical University of Berlin until 1914 at the time called Konigliche Technische Hochschule the Royal Technical University of Berlin but he did not complete his studies He had already shown an interest in architecture during his school years At the age of 16 he drafted his first designs and at 18 he entered for the first time an architectural competition for the modernisation of a church in Bremerhaven In 1914 he volunteered to serve in the First World War Paul Kruchen his mentor from his time in Berlin had asked him to assist in a reconstruction program for East Prussia In 1919 after the war Scharoun assumed responsibility for its office as a freelance architect in Breslau Wroclaw There and in Insterburg Chernyakhovsk he realised numerous projects and organised art exhibitions such as the first exhibition of the expressionist group of artists Die Brucke in East Prussia 1925 to 1932 Edit Ledigenheim in Breslau 1929He received a professorship at the Staatliche Akademie fur Kunst und Kunstgewerbe Breslau Breslau Academy for Arts and Crafts where he taught until its closure in 1932 In 1919 he had joined Bruno Taut s expressionist architects group the Glass Chain In 1926 he entered the architects association Der Ring In 1927 Scharoun built a house in the Stuttgart Weissenhof Estate He had responsibility at the end of the twenties for the development plan of a large housing estate Grosssiedlung Siemensstadt in Berlin Hugo Haring s theory of the new building inspired Scharoun in a new architectural direction that departed from rationalism and from preformulated schemata in order to develop buildings starting in each case from a unique functional character citation needed The organization of social living space played a central role 1933 to 1945 Edit During the Nazi era he remained in Germany whilst many of his friends and colleagues from the Glass Chain or Der Ring went abroad In this time he only built a few family houses one of which is the remarkable Schminke house publicly accessible in the city of Lobau in Saxony 1933 Subsequent houses had to adapt outwardly to politically determined construction specifications while on the inside they displayed the typically Scharounian sequences of spaces During the war he was busy with reconstruction after bomb damage He recorded his architectural ideas and visions secretly in numerous watercolors With these imaginary architectures he prepared mentally for a time after the Nazis 1946 to 1972 Edit After the end of the Second World War he was appointed by the Allies to the city building council and named director of the Abteilung Bau und Wohnungswesen des Magistrats Department of Building and Municipal Housing In an exhibition in the destroyed ruins of the Berliner Schloss Berlin City Palace titled Berlin plant Erster Bericht Berlin Plans First Report he presented his conceptions for the reconstruction of Berlin and the palace itself Immediately he found himself in a political no man s land as the division of the city was becoming apparent In 1946 he became a professor at the faculty for architecture at the Technical University of Berlin with a teaching post at the Lehrstuhl und Institut fur Stadtebau Institute for Urban Building After the war he was able to realise his architectural understanding both ambitious and humanistic in exemplary buildings e g in the Stuttgart apartment towers of Romeo and Julia 1954 59 in the Geschwister Scholl Gymnasium in Lunen 1956 62 and in the famed Philharmonic concert hall in Berlin 1956 63 Common to all these buildings is a new kind of entrance to an extremely imaginative and socially differentiated organization of space The school is planned like a small child friendly city and the apartment towers allow for flexible allocation of space and function The Philharmonic Concert Hall internationally recognised as one of the most successful buildings of its kind is considered as Scharoun s best work Around the center of the music podium the ranks of spectators rise in irregularly placed terraces and the ceiling planes layer themselves like a tent like firmament over the architectural landscape The German Embassy in Brasilia 1963 69 remains the only building that he built outside of Germany After 1972 Edit Some of his most important buildings were only finished after his 1972 death in Berlin including the Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum German Maritime Museum the theatre in Wolfsburg and the Staatsbibliothek State Library in Berlin The extension to the Berliner Philharmonie around the Kammermusiksaal and the Staatliche Institut fur Musikforschung Preussischer Kulturbesitz mit Musikinstrumentemuseum Institute for Music Research and Musical Instrument Museum Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation developed under the supervision of his office partner Edgar Wisniewski who took over the office after Scharoun s death During the 1980s the facade of the Philharmonic Concert Halls was provided with a cladding of gold anodized aluminum plates originally it was a white and ocher painted concrete facade Scharoun s original designs had planned a similar cladding which was not implemented at the time for cost reasons After the reunification of Berlin Potsdamer Platz adjacent to the east of the Kulturforum was rebuilt by this Scharoun s designs concerning city redevelopment of the area could finally be recorded as complete Awards and prizes Edit 1954 Honorary Doctorate from the Technical University of Berlin 1954 Fritz Schumacher Prize Hamburg 1955 Berlin Arts Prize 1958 Bronze plaque of the Freie Akademie der Kunste Hamburg 1959 Grosses Bundesverdienstkreuz Federal grand order of merit 1962 Honorary Senator of the Technical University of Berlin 1964 Grand Prize of the Bund Deutscher Architekten Federation of German Architects 1965 Honorary Doctorate from the University of Rome 1965 Auguste Perret Prize 1969 Honoured citizen of Berlin 1970 Erasmus PrizeFrom 1955 to 1968 he was the president of the Berliner Akademie der Kunste West in 1968 he was honorary president He died aged 79 in West Berlin Hans Scharoun was a founding member of the Paul Hindemith society in Berlin Work Edit Residential building Weissenhof Estate Stuttgart Chamber music hall right and Philharmonic in Berlin An early work of Scharoun Hostel in the WuWa Werkbund exposition in Breslau A late work of Scharoun Theatre in Wolfsburg opened 1973 Romeo amp Julia high rise apartments Stuttgart Rot 1954 59 Salute high rise apartments Stuttgart Fasanenhof 1961 63 Rauher Kapf residential district Boblingen 1965 Orplid high rise apartments Boblingen 1971 Buildings selected Edit A house called Die Wohnung The dwelling for the Werkbund exhibition at the Weissenhof Estate Stuttgart 1927 Men s hostel for the Werkbund exhibition called Wohnung und Werkraum Dwellings and Workspaces Wroclaw 1929 Apartments at Kaiserdamm Berlin Charlottenburg 1928 29 Apartments at Hohenzollerndamm Berlin Wilmersdorf 1929 30 Town planning and housing design at Grosssiedlung Siemensstadt 1929 31 The Schminke house Lobau Sachsen 1933 The Baensch house Berlin Spandau 1935 The Hoffmeyer house Bremerhaven 1935 The Moll house Berlin Grunewald 1936 The Mohrmann house Berlin Lichtenrade 1939 Romeo amp Julia high rise apartments Stuttgart Zuffenhausen 1954 59 Charlottenburg Nord housing development Berlin Charlottenburg 1955 60 Girls School now a comprehensive school Geschwister Scholl Schule Lunen 1956 62 Berliner Philharmonie Berlin Tiergarten 1957 63 Salute high rise apartments Stuttgart Fasanenhof 1961 63 Main and primary school Marl designed in 1960 completed in 1971 Institutes of the faculty for architecture of the Technical University Berlin 1962 70 Rauher Kapf residential district Boblingen 1965 Orplid high rise apartments Boblingen 1971 Embassy building for the Federal Republic of Germany Brasilia 1964 71 City Theatre Wolfsburg 1965 73 Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum German maritime museum Bremerhaven 1970 75 State library Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation Berlin Tiergarten 1964 79 Projects selected Edit Competition Prenzlau Cathedral Square 1st Prize 1919 Competition German hygiene museum Dresden 1920 Competition Multistorey building at Friedrichstrasse station Berlin 1922 Competition Munsterplatz Ulm 1925 Competition Town hall and Exhibition spaces Bremen 1928 Competition Liederhalle concert hall Stuttgart 1st Prize 1949 Competition American Memorial Library Berlin 1951 Design for a primary school Darmstadt 1951 Competition Land development Isle of Helgoland 1952 Competition Theater Kassel 1st Prize 1952 Competition National Theater Mannheim 3rd Prize 1953 Writings Edit 1925 Preliminary lecture at the Staatlichen Akademie fur Kunst und Kunstgewerbe State Academy for Arts and Crafts BreslauSources EditArchiv der Akademie der Kunste Bestandsubersicht Translated from the German Wikipedia page at de Hans ScharounBibliography selected EditBurkle J Christoph Hans Scharoun Studio Paperback Birkhauser Basel 1993 ISBN 3 7643 5581 6 Genovese Paolo Vincenzo Hans Scharoun Scuola a Lunen Testo amp Immagine Torino 2001 Jones Peter Blundell Hans Scharoun a monograph 1978 ISBN 0 900406 57 7 Jones Peter Blundell Hans Scharoun London 1993 1997 ISBN 0 7148 2877 7 Hardback ISBN 0 7148 3628 1 Paperback Jones Peter Blundell Hans Scharoun Buildings in Berlin 2002 ISBN 0 9714091 2 9 Kirschenmann Jorg C und Syring Eberhard Hans Scharoun Taschen Basic Architecture Taschen Koln 2004 ISBN 3 8228 2778 9 in German Barkhofen Eva Maria Hans Scharoun Architektur auf Papier Visionen aus vier Jahrzehnten 1909 1945 Berlin Munich 2022 ISBN 978 3 422 98763 0 Burkle J Christoph Hans Scharoun und die Moderne Ideen Projekte Theaterbau Frankfurt am Main 1986 Janofske Eckehard Architektur Raume Idee und Gestalt bei Hans Scharoun Braunschweig 1984 Jones Peter Blundell Hans Scharoun Eine Monographie Stuttgart 1980 Kirschenmann Jorg C und Syring Eberhard Hans Scharoun Die Forderung des Unvollendeten Deutsche Verlags Anstalt Stuttgart 1993 ISBN 3 421 03048 0 Pfankuch Peter Hrsg Hans Scharoun Bauten Entwurfe Texte Schriftenreihe der Akademie der Kunste Band 10 Berlin 1974 Neuauflage 1993 ISBN 3 88331 971 6 Ruby Andreas und Ilka Hans Scharoun Haus Moller Koln 2004 Syring Eberhard und Kirschenmann Jorg C Hans Scharoun Aussenseiter der Moderne Taschen Koln 2004 ISBN 3 8228 2449 6 Wendschuh Achim Hrsg Hans Scharoun Zeichnungen Aquarelle Texte Schriftenreihe der Akademie der Kunste Band 22 Berlin 1993 ISBN 3 88331 972 4 Wisniewski Edgar Die Berliner Philharmonie und ihr Kammermusiksaal Der Konzertsaal als Zentralraum Berlin 1993External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hans Scharoun Hans Scharoun at archINFORM Hans Scharoun in the German National Library catalogue Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hans Scharoun amp oldid 1157758525, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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