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Gujari language

December 07, 2023

Not to be confused with Gujarati language.
"Gujari" redirects here. For the raga, see Gujari Raga.

Gujari (also spelt Gojri, Gujri, or Gojari; گُوجَری) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by most of the Gujjars in the northern parts of India and Pakistan as well as in Afghanistan. It is a member of the Rajasthani group of languages.[2][3]

Gujari
Gojri, Gurjari, Gujjari
  • گُوجَری
  • गुर्जरी
Gurjari written in Takri, Perso-Arabic script (middle) and Devanagari (bottom)
Native toIndia, Pakistan, Afghanistan
Native speakers
1-2 million (2021)[1]
Takri, Perso-Arabic script, Devanagari
Language codes
ISO 639-3gju
Glottologguja1253

In India, the language is spoken by 1.3 million people (as of 2011) in Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, with ethnic Gujjars elsewhere having shifted to the regional languages instead. In Pakistan, there are an estimated 400,000 speakers (as of 2018) in Azad Kashmir, in Gilgit-Baltistan (Diamer and Gilgit districts), in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (the Hazara region, and northwest up to Chitral District), and in Rawalpindi District in northern Punjab. The population in Afghanistan is scattered, and numbers at 15,000 (according to a 2015 estimate).[4]

The government of the erstwhile Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir had recognized Gujari by including it in the sixth schedule of the state constitution.[5]

Literary traditions edit

Gujari folklore is very large, including songs, ballads and folktales, known as Dastans. Hundreds of folk songs have been recorded and published, including "Nooro", "Tajo", "Nura Beguma", "Shupiya", "Kunjhdi", "Mariyan".[6]

A modern tradition of creative writing encompasses poets such as Sain Qadar Bakhsh, Noon Poonchi, and others. Others such as Mian Nizam ud Din, Khuda Bakhsh Zar, Zabih Rajourvi, Shams ud Din Mehjoor Poonchi, Mian Bashir Ahmed, Javaid Rahi, Rafiq Anjum, Milki Ram Kushan, Sarwari Kassana, Naseem Poonchi have also made remarkable contributions to Gujari through poetry, prose and criticism.

Institutions and media edit

All India Radio and Doordarshan Kendra run various Gujari programmes. Radio Kashmir Jammu, Srinagar, Poonch in India and seven radio stations of Pakistan and PTV air Gujari programmes and news bulletins accepted across Jammu and Kashmir. Books have been published in Gujari, including encyclopedias, poetry, fiction and non-fiction, on topics including dictionaries, grammars, nature, folklore, art and architecture, agriculture, sociology and research.[7]

The National Academy of Letters, Sahitya Akademi, recognized Gujari as one of the major Indian languages for its National Award, Bhasha Samman, and other programmes. The Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Arts, Culture and Languages established a Gujari Department in its Central Office in the 1970s and published in Gujari. They organized seminars, conferences, etc. for the development of the Gujari Language. Jammu and Kashmir State Board of School Education made curriculum in Gujari up to Middle Standard for teaching Gujari in schools. The University of Jammu Council approved the opening of Gojri Research Centre in Jammu and University of Kashmir that have been awarded doctorate degrees on completing research projects on the language. In Pakistan administered Kashmir, the Gujari Academy has been established and postgraduate studies departments were set up in various universities and regional research centers.

Revival edit

In lower or plain areas of Pakistan, Gujjars have a major concentration in districts like Islamabad, Attock, Rawalpindi, Chakwal, Jhelum, Gujrat, Sialkot, Narowal, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Faisalabad, Sheikhupura, Lahore and Layyah. However, due to the revolution of time, the majority of them have forgotten or stopped speaking Gujrai. Gojri Bahali Programme (Gojri Revival Programme) has been launched in these areas to encourage Gujjars to restart speaking Gujari. Though this programme has a particular focus on these areas, it extends to the whole of Pakistan. Under this programme, Gujjars are being persuaded to readopt Gujari as their mother language. They are also being asked to mention it in the mother language column of various forms at educational institutions; when applying for computerised national identity card; and while filling out their particulars when seeking employment. Under this programme, the federal government will be asked to add Gujari in the mother language column of the population census. Similarly, the University of Gujrat will be asked to set up Gojri Department. The programme is the initiative of Muhammad Afsar Khan, a Kunduana Gujjar from Chak Dina village in Gujrat district. Kunduanas are a branch of Khatana Gujjars and trace their descent from Kandu, a famous Gujjar who lived during the reign of Mughal King Akbar or immediately before him in Gujrat district. His grave survives to date in Makiana village in Gujrat tehsil.[8]

Bibliography edit

Dictionaries :[9]

Books / Author/ Javaid Rahi[10]

Gujari journals edit

Published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages[11][12]

  • Sheeraza Gojri-Bi-Monthly
  • Maharo Adab Gojri
  • Shingran Ka Geet
  • Gojri Ka Lal
  • Qadawar
  • Paneeri
  • Gojri Look Geet
  • Gojri Look Kahani
  • Gujjar Aur Gojri
  • Gojri Zaban-o-Adab

GOJRI BOOKS Published by NGOs

  • Akhan Gojri Quotations JK Gojri Anjuman 2004 Edited by Dr. Rafeeq Anjum
  • Gojri Kahawat Kosh Gojri Quotations JK Gojri Anjuman 2004 Edited; by Dr. Rafeeq Anjum
  • Anjum Shanasi Biography JK Gojri Anjuman 2007 Edited
  • Sajra Phull ( Hakeem) Selected poetry JK Gojri Anjuman 2007, Edited
  • Peehng (Mukhlis) Selected poetry JK Gojri Anjuman 2007, Edited by Dr. Rafeeq Anjum
  • GOJRI BOOKS Published by BAZM E ADAB KALAKOTE
  • SAJAR BOOT – book series
  • گوجری سیرت النبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم(لشکار محمد) مصنف مفتی محمد ادریس ولی ہسوال گوجر

References edit

  1. ^ Gujari at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)  
  2. ^ Gojri And Its Relationship With Rajasthani, Etc.
  3. ^ Dr. R.P. Khatana. "Gujari Language and Identity in Jammu and Kashmir". Kashmir News Network: Language Section (koshur.org). Retrieved 31 May 2007.
  4. ^ Gujari at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)  
  5. ^ In Jammu and Kashmir, Gujari is written right-to-left in an extension of the Persian alphabet, which is itself an extension of the Arabic alphabet. Gujari is associated with the Nastaʿlīq style of Persian calligraphy - http://jktribals.page.tl/Gojri-Language.htm 26 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine, http://www.merinews.com/article/writers-in-jk-seek-constitutional-safeguards-for-gojri/129813.shtml 26 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Rahi, Dr Javaid. "The Gujjars - Vol: 01 a Book on History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed Javaid Rahi".
  7. ^ "Give more airtime to Gojri programmes, urge Gujjars".
  8. ^ "Gojri: The language that's spoken but rarely read". 21 July 2018.
  9. ^ "Of a Gujjar Scholar and Social activist". Daily Excelsior. 18 October 2020.
  10. ^ "Life Story: Javaid Rahi, cultural activist, writer". The Dispatch. 14 July 2021.
  11. ^ "Gojri Books of Javaid Rahi published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages". viaf.org.
  12. ^ "Why I Gurjar Desh Charitable Trust Jammu -Gojri Books by Dr Javaid Rahi". viaf.org.

Further reading edit

  • 1992: Rensch, Calvin R., Hindko and Gujari - National Institute of Pakistani Studies, 305 pp. ISBN 969-8023-13-5.
  • 2012: Javaid Rahi, The Gujjar Tribe of Jammu & Kashmir -Gulshan Books, Srinagar J&K 190001, 305 pp. ISBN 81-8339-103-6.

External links edit

 
Gujari language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
  • Dr. R.P. Khatana. Gujari Language and Identity in Jammu and Kashmir.
  • Gojri Language Textbook for Class1
  • Gojri Language Textbook for Class2
  • Gojri Language Textbook for Class3
  • Gojri Language Textbook for Class4
  • Gojri Language Textbook for Class5
  • Gojri Language Textbook for Class6
  • Gojri Language Textbook for Class8

December 07, 2023
gujari, language, confused, with, gujarati, language, gujari, redirects, here, raga, gujari, raga, gujari, also, spelt, gojri, gujri, gojari, وج, ری, indo, aryan, language, spoken, most, gujjars, northern, parts, india, pakistan, well, afghanistan, member, raj. Not to be confused with Gujarati language Gujari redirects here For the raga see Gujari Raga Gujari also spelt Gojri Gujri or Gojari گ وج ری is an Indo Aryan language spoken by most of the Gujjars in the northern parts of India and Pakistan as well as in Afghanistan It is a member of the Rajasthani group of languages 2 3 GujariGojri Gurjari Gujjariگ وج ریग र जर Gurjari written in Takri Perso Arabic script middle and Devanagari bottom Native toIndia Pakistan AfghanistanNative speakers1 2 million 2021 1 Language familyIndo European Indo IranianIndo AryanWesternRajasthani MarwariRajasthaniGujariWriting systemTakri Perso Arabic script DevanagariLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code gju class extiw title iso639 3 gju gju a Glottologguja1253In India the language is spoken by 1 3 million people as of 2011 in Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh with ethnic Gujjars elsewhere having shifted to the regional languages instead In Pakistan there are an estimated 400 000 speakers as of 2018 in Azad Kashmir in Gilgit Baltistan Diamer and Gilgit districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa the Hazara region and northwest up to Chitral District and in Rawalpindi District in northern Punjab The population in Afghanistan is scattered and numbers at 15 000 according to a 2015 estimate 4 The government of the erstwhile Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir had recognized Gujari by including it in the sixth schedule of the state constitution 5 Contents 1 Literary traditions 2 Institutions and media 3 Revival 4 Bibliography 4 1 Gujari journals 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksLiterary traditions editGujari folklore is very large including songs ballads and folktales known as Dastans Hundreds of folk songs have been recorded and published including Nooro Tajo Nura Beguma Shupiya Kunjhdi Mariyan 6 A modern tradition of creative writing encompasses poets such as Sain Qadar Bakhsh Noon Poonchi and others Others such as Mian Nizam ud Din Khuda Bakhsh Zar Zabih Rajourvi Shams ud Din Mehjoor Poonchi Mian Bashir Ahmed Javaid Rahi Rafiq Anjum Milki Ram Kushan Sarwari Kassana Naseem Poonchi have also made remarkable contributions to Gujari through poetry prose and criticism Institutions and media editAll India Radio and Doordarshan Kendra run various Gujari programmes Radio Kashmir Jammu Srinagar Poonch in India and seven radio stations of Pakistan and PTV air Gujari programmes and news bulletins accepted across Jammu and Kashmir Books have been published in Gujari including encyclopedias poetry fiction and non fiction on topics including dictionaries grammars nature folklore art and architecture agriculture sociology and research 7 The National Academy of Letters Sahitya Akademi recognized Gujari as one of the major Indian languages for its National Award Bhasha Samman and other programmes The Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Arts Culture and Languages established a Gujari Department in its Central Office in the 1970s and published in Gujari They organized seminars conferences etc for the development of the Gujari Language Jammu and Kashmir State Board of School Education made curriculum in Gujari up to Middle Standard for teaching Gujari in schools The University of Jammu Council approved the opening of Gojri Research Centre in Jammu and University of Kashmir that have been awarded doctorate degrees on completing research projects on the language In Pakistan administered Kashmir the Gujari Academy has been established and postgraduate studies departments were set up in various universities and regional research centers Revival editIn lower or plain areas of Pakistan Gujjars have a major concentration in districts like Islamabad Attock Rawalpindi Chakwal Jhelum Gujrat Sialkot Narowal Gujranwala Sargodha Faisalabad Sheikhupura Lahore and Layyah However due to the revolution of time the majority of them have forgotten or stopped speaking Gujrai Gojri Bahali Programme Gojri Revival Programme has been launched in these areas to encourage Gujjars to restart speaking Gujari Though this programme has a particular focus on these areas it extends to the whole of Pakistan Under this programme Gujjars are being persuaded to readopt Gujari as their mother language They are also being asked to mention it in the mother language column of various forms at educational institutions when applying for computerised national identity card and while filling out their particulars when seeking employment Under this programme the federal government will be asked to add Gujari in the mother language column of the population census Similarly the University of Gujrat will be asked to set up Gojri Department The programme is the initiative of Muhammad Afsar Khan a Kunduana Gujjar from Chak Dina village in Gujrat district Kunduanas are a branch of Khatana Gujjars and trace their descent from Kandu a famous Gujjar who lived during the reign of Mughal King Akbar or immediately before him in Gujrat district His grave survives to date in Makiana village in Gujrat tehsil 8 Bibliography editDictionaries 9 Gojri Dictionary 6 Volume Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art Culture and Languages Concise Gojri Dictionary Ed Javaid Rahi Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art Culture and Languages Hindi Gojri Dictionary Ed Javaid Rahi Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation Folk Lore Dictionary 2 VOL of Gujjar Tribe Ed Javaid Rahi Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation Hindi Gojri Dictionary Ed Javaid Rahi Tribal Research and Cultural Foundation Gojri English Dictionary Ed Dr Rafiq AnjumBooks Author Javaid Rahi 10 Lok Virso Research Awarded by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art Culture and Languages 1999 Jammu Kashmir ke Qabaila aur unki Zubanein Research Urdu 2010 Gujjar Tribe of Jammu and Kashmir Research English 2015 Gujjar Shanakhat Ka Safar History and Culture Urdu 2005 Gojri Lok Geet 2018 Gujjar Aur Gojri 2004 Gujjar Tarekh 2009 Tagore ki Chunam Shairi 2011 Published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art Culture and Languages Gojri Grammer 2012 Published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art Culture and Languages Qadeem Gojri Lughat 2013 Published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art Culture and Languages The Gujjar Tribe of J amp K 2012 Published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art Culture and Languages The Gujjars vol 1 to 6 2013 16 Published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art Culture and Languages The Gujjars Tribe of Jammu and Kashmir Research BookGujari journals edit Published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art Culture and Languages 11 12 Sheeraza Gojri Bi Monthly Maharo Adab Gojri Shingran Ka Geet Gojri Ka Lal Qadawar Paneeri Gojri Look Geet Gojri Look Kahani Gujjar Aur Gojri Gojri Zaban o AdabGOJRI BOOKS Published by NGOs Akhan Gojri Quotations JK Gojri Anjuman 2004 Edited by Dr Rafeeq Anjum Gojri Kahawat Kosh Gojri Quotations JK Gojri Anjuman 2004 Edited by Dr Rafeeq Anjum Anjum Shanasi Biography JK Gojri Anjuman 2007 Edited Sajra Phull Hakeem Selected poetry JK Gojri Anjuman 2007 Edited Peehng Mukhlis Selected poetry JK Gojri Anjuman 2007 Edited by Dr Rafeeq Anjum GOJRI BOOKS Published by BAZM E ADAB KALAKOTE SAJAR BOOT book series گوجری سیرت النبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم لشکار محمد مصنف مفتی محمد ادریس ولی ہسوال گوجرReferences edit Gujari at Ethnologue 26th ed 2023 nbsp Gojri And Its Relationship With Rajasthani Etc Dr R P Khatana Gujari Language and Identity in Jammu and Kashmir Kashmir News Network Language Section koshur org Retrieved 31 May 2007 Gujari at Ethnologue 26th ed 2023 nbsp In Jammu and Kashmir Gujari is written right to left in an extension of the Persian alphabet which is itself an extension of the Arabic alphabet Gujari is associated with the Nastaʿliq style of Persian calligraphy http jktribals page tl Gojri Language htm Archived 26 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine http www merinews com article writers in jk seek constitutional safeguards for gojri 129813 shtml Archived 26 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine Rahi Dr Javaid The Gujjars Vol 01 a Book on History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe Ed Javaid Rahi Give more airtime to Gojri programmes urge Gujjars Gojri The language that s spoken but rarely read 21 July 2018 Of a Gujjar Scholar and Social activist Daily Excelsior 18 October 2020 Life Story Javaid Rahi cultural activist writer The Dispatch 14 July 2021 Gojri Books of Javaid Rahi published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art Culture and Languages viaf org Why I Gurjar Desh Charitable Trust Jammu Gojri Books by Dr Javaid Rahi viaf org Further reading edit1992 Rensch Calvin R Hindko and Gujari National Institute of Pakistani Studies 305 pp ISBN 969 8023 13 5 2012 Javaid Rahi The Gujjar Tribe of Jammu amp Kashmir Gulshan Books Srinagar J amp K 190001 305 pp ISBN 81 8339 103 6 External links edit nbsp Gujari language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator Dr R P Khatana Gujari Language and Identity in Jammu and Kashmir Gojri Language Textbook for Class1 Gojri Language Textbook for Class2 Gojri Language Textbook for Class3 Gojri Language Textbook for Class4 Gojri Language Textbook for Class5 Gojri Language Textbook for Class6 Gojri Language Textbook for Class8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gujari language amp oldid 1179793696, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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