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Gravina in Puglia

February 15, 2024

Gravina in Puglia (Italian: [ɡraˈviːna im ˈpuʎʎa]; Barese: Gravéine [ɡraˈviːnə, ɡraˈvejnə]; Latin: Silvium; Ancient Greek: Σιλούϊον, romanized: Siloúïon) is a town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, southern Italy.

Gravina in Puglia
Gravéine (Neapolitan)
Comune
Comune di Gravina in Puglia
Panorama of Gravina in Puglia
Coat of arms
Location of Gravina in Puglia
Gravina in Puglia
Location of Gravina in Puglia in Italy
Gravina in Puglia
Gravina in Puglia (Apulia)
Coordinates: 40°49′N 16°25′E / 40.817°N 16.417°E / 40.817; 16.417
CountryItaly
RegionApulia
Metropolitan cityBari (BA)
FrazioniMurgetta, Dolcecanto, Pantanella
Government
 • MayorFedele Lagreca (PD)
Area
[1]
 • Total384.73 km2 (148.55 sq mi)
Elevation
[2]
338 m (1,109 ft)
Population
 (31 August 2017[3])[4]
 • Total43,775
 • Density110/km2 (290/sq mi)
DemonymGravinesi
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
70024
Dialing code080
Patron saintMichael the Archangel, St. Philip Neri
Saint daySeptember 29
WebsiteOfficial website

The word gravina comes from the Latin grava or from the messapic graba, with the meaning of rock, shaft and erosion of bank river.[5][6] Other words that share the same root are grava, gravaglione and gravinelle.[7] Alternatively, when the emperor Frederick II went to Gravina, because of the large extension of the lands and for the presence of wheat, he decided to give to it the motto Grana dat et vina., that is to say It offers wheat and wine..[8] Gravina is the home of the Alta Murgia National Park.

History edit

Thanks to its strategic position, Gravina has a very ancient history. Its territory has been inhabited since the Paleolithic, due to the high presence of water and woods. The largest remains date back to the Neolithic. The oldest settlements have been identified in the districts of Botromagno, S.Paolo, Vagnari, S.Stefano and S.Staso (early Christian). The town has been known with the names Sidis (Σίδις), Sylbion (Σιλβìον), Sidio, Silvium, Petramagna or Botromagno (name of the hill where the ancient inhabited area has developed). An important find of a skeleton belonging to an Asiatic man in the Vagnari necropolis testifies the existence of relations between the town of Gravina and the Far East already in 200 BCE.[9]

The town was then colonized by the Greeks during the colonization of Magna Graecia, as a polis with the right of a mint of his own. Diodorus notes it as an Apulian town, which was wrested from the Samnites by the Romans during the 3rd Samnite War (305 or 306 BCE).[10] It was a town in the interior of Apulia. It is noticed by Strabo[11] as the frontier town of the Peucetii, and its name is noticed by Pliny among the municipal towns of Apulia.[12] The Via Appia, which linked Rome to Brindisi, passed through Gravina. The Itineraries place it 20 miles (32 km) from Venusia, on the branch of the Appian Way which led direct to Tarentum.

 
The ruins of Frederick II's castle in Gravina in Puglia

Later it was ruled by Byzantines, Lombards and North African Muslims.

The town was the site of a Norman countship in the Hauteville Kingdom of Sicily and in the later Kingdom of Naples. A famous count of the former was Gilbert, who was sent by his cousin, the Queen regent Margaret of Navarre to the peninsula to combat the Holy Roman Emperor. In the latter period it was the hereditary fief of John, Duke of Durazzo. The Normans called the town Garagnone or Garaynone.

From 1386 to 1816 it was a fief of the Orsini family: the pope Benedict XIII (Pietro Francesco Orsini-Gravina) was born here in 1649. Feudal oppression led to numerous riots, in particular from 1789 until the unification of Italy (1861).

Gravina in Puglia was partly destroyed by Allied bombings during World War II.

Main sights edit

  • Gravina Cathedral (11th-12th centuries) – built by the Normans in Romanesque style. Destroyed by fires and earthquakes in the mid-15th century, it houses a splendid reliquary of an arm of the English Thomas Becket, obtained by Bishop Roberto in 1179.
  • The remains of Frederick II's castle, site on a hill nearby the town, originally a base for bird hunting. According to Giorgio Vasari, it was designed in 1231 by one Fuccio from Florence.
  • San Francesco – late 15th-early 16th-century church
  • Sant'Agostino – church with a simple white façade
  • Madonna delle Grazie – Baroque-style church with an unusual façade sporting a rose window surrounded by a large carved eagle, coat of arms of the Giustiniani.
  • San Sebastiano – Renaissance-style church with a nave and two aisles separated by pilasters. The cloister of the annexed convent has with Romanesque capitals decorated with animal and vegetable figures.
  • San Michele delle Grotte – 10th-century church carved out from the tuff rocks (one of the Chiese rupestri)

It has also a well preserved Roman bridge, dating to at least 1686. Following the earthquake of 1722, the bridge was restored and transformed into an aqueduct by the Orsini family of Rome, who then moved to Gravina around the middle of the 18th century.

Culture edit

Gravina in Puglia is famous for one of the oldest fairs in Europe: the Saint George's Fair has been held each April since 1294.

Gravina's cuisine, one of Apulia's most traditional ones, is based on three typical agricultural products found within the surrounding region of Apulia, namely wheat, olive oil and wine. The local cuisine is also enriched by the wide variety of fruit and vegetables produced locally.

The town is also known for a particular cheese, named "Pallone di Gravina".

Gravina DOC edit

The commune of Gravina in Puglia produces a white denominazione di origine controllata (DOC) Italian wine that can be made in a still or sparkling Spumante style. While the still Gravina wine is almost always dry, the sparkling Gravina wine can be made in both a dry secco and slightly sweet amabile style. All grapes destined for DOC wine production need to be harvested to a yield no greater than 15 tonnes/ha. The wine is made primarily (40-65%) from Malvasia del Chianti, Greco di Tufo and Bianco d'Alessano with the last two grape varieties collectively permitted to make up between 35 and 60% of the blend. Bombino bianco, Trebbiano Toscano and Verdeca are also permitted up to a maximum of 10%. The finished wine must attain a minimum alcohol level of 11% in order to be labelled with the Gravina DOC designation.[13]

People edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Gravina in Puglia". Tuttitalia (in Italian).
  3. ^ http://demo.istat.it/bilmensgen2013/index.htm[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  5. ^ (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2013-09-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ Rohlfs, 1976
  7. ^ Parise, 2003
  8. ^ Periodic of cultural information, Gravina's Castle, Cocco Cornacchia, January 1990
  9. ^ "Asian skeleton found in ruins suggests Roman Empire larger than thought".
  10. ^ Diod. xx. 80
  11. ^ vi. p. 283
  12. ^ Plin. iii. 11. s. 16
  13. ^ P. Saunders Wine Label Language pg 168 Firefly Books 2004 ISBN 1-55297-720-X

External links edit

  • "Gravina" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 384.
  • Gravina in Puglia website
  • "Etnikàntaro" Gravina in Puglia group of ethnic-popular music
  • Official site of 712 Saint George's Fair
  • Documentary Film about the Sassi di Matera and the Gravina, Roba Forestiera, 44 min., 2004


February 15, 2024
gravina, puglia, italian, ɡraˈviːna, ˈpuʎʎa, barese, gravéine, ɡraˈviːnə, ɡraˈvejnə, latin, silvium, ancient, greek, Σιλούϊον, romanized, siloúïon, town, comune, metropolitan, city, bari, apulia, southern, italy, gravéine, neapolitan, comunecomune, panorama, c. Gravina in Puglia Italian ɡraˈviːna im ˈpuʎʎa Barese Graveine ɡraˈviːne ɡraˈvejne Latin Silvium Ancient Greek Siloyion romanized Silouion is a town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Bari Apulia southern Italy Gravina in Puglia Graveine Neapolitan ComuneComune di Gravina in PugliaPanorama of Gravina in PugliaCoat of armsLocation of Gravina in PugliaGravina in PugliaLocation of Gravina in Puglia in ItalyShow map of ItalyGravina in PugliaGravina in Puglia Apulia Show map of ApuliaCoordinates 40 49 N 16 25 E 40 817 N 16 417 E 40 817 16 417CountryItalyRegionApuliaMetropolitan cityBari BA FrazioniMurgetta Dolcecanto PantanellaGovernment MayorFedele Lagreca PD Area 1 Total384 73 km2 148 55 sq mi Elevation 2 338 m 1 109 ft Population 31 August 2017 3 4 Total43 775 Density110 km2 290 sq mi DemonymGravinesiTime zoneUTC 1 CET Summer DST UTC 2 CEST Postal code70024Dialing code080Patron saintMichael the Archangel St Philip NeriSaint daySeptember 29WebsiteOfficial websiteThe word gravina comes from the Latin grava or from the messapic graba with the meaning of rock shaft and erosion of bank river 5 6 Other words that share the same root are grava gravaglione and gravinelle 7 Alternatively when the emperor Frederick II went to Gravina because of the large extension of the lands and for the presence of wheat he decided to give to it the motto Grana dat et vina that is to say It offers wheat and wine 8 Gravina is the home of the Alta Murgia National Park Contents 1 History 2 Main sights 3 Culture 3 1 Gravina DOC 4 People 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory editThanks to its strategic position Gravina has a very ancient history Its territory has been inhabited since the Paleolithic due to the high presence of water and woods The largest remains date back to the Neolithic The oldest settlements have been identified in the districts of Botromagno S Paolo Vagnari S Stefano and S Staso early Christian The town has been known with the names Sidis Sidis Sylbion Silbion Sidio Silvium Petramagna or Botromagno name of the hill where the ancient inhabited area has developed An important find of a skeleton belonging to an Asiatic man in the Vagnari necropolis testifies the existence of relations between the town of Gravina and the Far East already in 200 BCE 9 The town was then colonized by the Greeks during the colonization of Magna Graecia as a polis with the right of a mint of his own Diodorus notes it as an Apulian town which was wrested from the Samnites by the Romans during the 3rd Samnite War 305 or 306 BCE 10 It was a town in the interior of Apulia It is noticed by Strabo 11 as the frontier town of the Peucetii and its name is noticed by Pliny among the municipal towns of Apulia 12 The Via Appia which linked Rome to Brindisi passed through Gravina The Itineraries place it 20 miles 32 km from Venusia on the branch of the Appian Way which led direct to Tarentum nbsp The ruins of Frederick II s castle in Gravina in PugliaLater it was ruled by Byzantines Lombards and North African Muslims The town was the site of a Norman countship in the Hauteville Kingdom of Sicily and in the later Kingdom of Naples A famous count of the former was Gilbert who was sent by his cousin the Queen regent Margaret of Navarre to the peninsula to combat the Holy Roman Emperor In the latter period it was the hereditary fief of John Duke of Durazzo The Normans called the town Garagnone or Garaynone From 1386 to 1816 it was a fief of the Orsini family the pope Benedict XIII Pietro Francesco Orsini Gravina was born here in 1649 Feudal oppression led to numerous riots in particular from 1789 until the unification of Italy 1861 Gravina in Puglia was partly destroyed by Allied bombings during World War II Main sights editGravina Cathedral 11th 12th centuries built by the Normans in Romanesque style Destroyed by fires and earthquakes in the mid 15th century it houses a splendid reliquary of an arm of the English Thomas Becket obtained by Bishop Roberto in 1179 The remains of Frederick II s castle site on a hill nearby the town originally a base for bird hunting According to Giorgio Vasari it was designed in 1231 by one Fuccio from Florence San Francesco late 15th early 16th century church Sant Agostino church with a simple white facade Madonna delle Grazie Baroque style church with an unusual facade sporting a rose window surrounded by a large carved eagle coat of arms of the Giustiniani San Sebastiano Renaissance style church with a nave and two aisles separated by pilasters The cloister of the annexed convent has with Romanesque capitals decorated with animal and vegetable figures San Michele delle Grotte 10th century church carved out from the tuff rocks one of the Chiese rupestri It has also a well preserved Roman bridge dating to at least 1686 Following the earthquake of 1722 the bridge was restored and transformed into an aqueduct by the Orsini family of Rome who then moved to Gravina around the middle of the 18th century Culture editGravina in Puglia is famous for one of the oldest fairs in Europe the Saint George s Fair has been held each April since 1294 Gravina s cuisine one of Apulia s most traditional ones is based on three typical agricultural products found within the surrounding region of Apulia namely wheat olive oil and wine The local cuisine is also enriched by the wide variety of fruit and vegetables produced locally The town is also known for a particular cheese named Pallone di Gravina Gravina DOC edit The commune of Gravina in Puglia produces a white denominazione di origine controllata DOC Italian wine that can be made in a still or sparkling Spumante style While the still Gravina wine is almost always dry the sparkling Gravina wine can be made in both a dry secco and slightly sweet amabile style All grapes destined for DOC wine production need to be harvested to a yield no greater than 15 tonnes ha The wine is made primarily 40 65 from Malvasia del Chianti Greco di Tufo and Bianco d Alessano with the last two grape varieties collectively permitted to make up between 35 and 60 of the blend Bombino bianco Trebbiano Toscano and Verdeca are also permitted up to a maximum of 10 The finished wine must attain a minimum alcohol level of 11 in order to be labelled with the Gravina DOC designation 13 People editJoseph of Cupertino 1603 1663 Roman Catholic mystic and saint born in Gravina Domenico Cennini 1606 1684 Bishop of Gravina in Puglia from 1645 to 1684 died in Gravina Francesco Guarino 1611 1651 painter died in Gravina Domenico Valvassori 1627 1689 Bishop of Gravina in Puglia from 1686 to 1689 died in Gravina Pope Benedict XIII 1649 1730 pope from 1724 to 1730 born in Gravina Salvatore Fighera 1771 1837 classical composer born in Gravina Giuseppe Tarantino 1857 1950 philosopher and rector at the University of Pisa born in Gravina Francesco Schittulli born 1946 surgeon and politician born in GravinaSee also editPulicchio di Gravina Roman Catholic Diocese of Gravina Montepeloso Pallone di GravinaReferences edit Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011 Italian National Institute of Statistics Retrieved 16 March 2019 Gravina in Puglia Tuttitalia in Italian http demo istat it bilmensgen2013 index htm permanent dead link Popolazione Residente al 1 Gennaio 2018 Italian National Institute of Statistics Retrieved 16 March 2019 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2015 09 23 Retrieved 2013 09 17 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Rohlfs 1976 Parise 2003 Periodic of cultural information Gravina s Castle Cocco Cornacchia January 1990 Asian skeleton found in ruins suggests Roman Empire larger than thought Diod xx 80 vi p 283 Plin iii 11 s 16 P Saunders Wine Label Language pg 168 Firefly Books 2004 ISBN 1 55297 720 XExternal links edit Gravina Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 12 11th ed 1911 p 384 Gravina in Puglia website Etnikantaro Gravina in Puglia group of ethnic popular music Official site of 712 Saint George s Fair Documentary Film about the Sassi di Matera and the Gravina Roba Forestiera 44 min 2004 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gravina in Puglia amp oldid 1196453155, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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