This article is about the fictional humanoid type of creature. For the desktop environment for UNIX-like operating systems, see GNOME. For the garden ornament, see Garden gnome. For other uses, see Gnome (disambiguation).
A gnome/noʊm/[1] is a mythological creature and diminutive spirit in Renaissance magic and alchemy, first introduced by Paracelsus in the 16th century and later adopted by authors including those of modern fantasy literature. Typically small humanoids who live underground, their characteristics are reinterpreted to suit various storytellers and artists.[2]
Gnome
Gnom mit Zeitung und Tabakspfeife (English: Gnome with newspaper and tobacco pipe) by Heinrich Schlitt (1923)
Grouping
Diminutive spirit
Diminutive statues of gnomes introduced as lawn ornaments during the 19th century grew in popularity during the 20th century and came to be known as garden gnomes.
The term may be an original invention of Paracelsus, possibly deriving the term from Latin gēnomos (itself representing a Greek γη-νομος, approximately "gē-nomos", literally "earth-dweller"). In this case, the omission of the ē is referred to as a blunder by the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). Paracelsus uses Gnomi as a synonym of Pygmæi and classifies them as earth elementals. He describes them as two spans high, very reluctant to interact with humans, and able to move through solid earth as easily as humans move through air.[5]
The chthonic or earth-dwelling spirit has precedents in numerous ancient and medieval mythologies, often guarding mines and precious underground treasures, notably in the Germanicdwarfs and the Greek Chalybes, Telchines or Dactyls.[2] The gnomes of Swiss folklore follow this template, as they are said to have caused the landslide that destroyed the Swiss village of Plurs in 1618 - the villagers had become wealthy from a local gold mine created by the gnomes, who poured liquid gold down into a vein for the benefit of humans, and were corrupted by this newfound prosperity, which greatly offended the gnomes.[6]
The English word is attested from the early 18th century. Gnomes are used in Alexander Pope's "The Rape of the Lock". The creatures from this mock-epic are small, celestial creatures which were prudish women in their past lives, and now spend all of eternity looking out for prudish women (in parallel to the guardian angels in Catholic belief). Other uses of the term gnome remain obscure until the early 19th century, when it is taken up by authors of Romanticist collections of fairy tales and becomes mostly synonymous with the older word goblin.
"The Earth is filled almost to the center with Gnomes or Pharyes, a people of small stature, the guardians of treasures, of mines, and of precious stones. They are ingenious, friends of men, and easie (sic) to be commandded (sic). They furnish the children of the Sages with as much money, as they have need of; and never ask any other reward of their services, than the glory of being commanded. The Gnomides or wives of these Gnomes or Pharyes, are little, but very handsom (sic); and their habit marvellously (sic) curious."[7]
De Villars used the term gnomide to refer to female gnomes (often "gnomid" in English translations).[8] Modern fiction instead uses the word "gnomess" to refer to female gnomes.[9][10]
In 19th-century fiction, the chthonic gnome became a sort of antithesis to the more airy or luminous fairy. Nathaniel Hawthorne in Twice-Told Tales (1837) contrasts the two in "Small enough to be king of the fairies, and ugly enough to be king of the gnomes" (cited after OED). Similarly, gnomes are contrasted to elves, as in William Cullen Bryant's Little People of the Snow (1877), which has "let us have a tale of elves that ride by night, with jingling reins, or gnomes of the mine" (cited after OED).
The Russian composer Mussorgsky produced a movement in his work Pictures at an Exhibition, (1874) named "Gnomus" (Latin for "The Gnome"). It is written to sound as if a gnome is moving about.
Franz Hartmann in 1895 satirized materialism in an allegorical tale entitled Unter den Gnomen im Untersberg. The English translation appeared in 1896 as Among the Gnomes: An Occult Tale of Adventure in the Untersberg. In this story, the Gnomes are still clearly subterranean creatures, guarding treasures of gold within the Untersberg mountain.
As a figure of 19th-century fairy tales, the term gnome became largely synonymous with other terms for "little people" by the 20th century, such as goblin, brownie, leprechaun and other instances of the household spirit type, losing its strict association with earth or the underground world.
Modern fantasy literature
Creatures called gnomes have been used in the fantasy genre of fiction and later gaming since the mid-nineteenth century, typically in a cunning role, e.g. as an inventor.[11]
In L. Frank Baum's Oz books (published 1900 to 1920), the Nomes (so spelled), especially their king, are the chief adversaries of the Oz people. They are ugly, hot-tempered, immortal, round-bodied creatures with spindly limbs, long beards and wild hair, militantly collecting and protecting jewels and precious metals underground. Ruth Plumly Thompson, who continued the series (1921 to 1976) after Baum's death, reverted to the traditional spelling. He also featured gnomes in his book The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus. They watch over the rocks, their king is part of the Council of Immortals, and they created the sleigh bells for Santa Claus's reindeer.
J. R. R. Tolkien, in the legendarium (created 1914 to 1973) surrounding his Elves, uses "Gnomes" as the initial, but later dropped, name of the Noldor, the most gifted and technologically minded of his elvish races, in conscious exploitation of the similarity with the word gnomic. Gnome is thus Tolkien's English loan-translation of the Quenya word Noldo (plural Noldor), "those with knowledge". Tolkien's "Gnomes" are generally tall, beautiful, dark-haired, light-skinned, immortal, and wise. They are also proud, violent, and unduly admire their own creations, particularly their gemstones. Many live in cities below ground (Nargothrond) or in secluded mountain fortresses (Gondolin). He uses "Gnomes" to refer to both males and females. In The Father Christmas Letters (between 1920 and 1942), which Tolkien wrote for his children, Red Gnomes are presented as helpful creatures who come from Norway to the North Pole to assist Father Christmas and his Elves in fighting the wicked Goblins.
BB'sThe Little Grey Men (1942) is a story of the last gnomes in England, little wild men who live by hunting and fishing.
In C. S. Lewis's The Chronicles of Narnia (created 1950 to 1956), the gnomes are sometimes called "Earthmen". They live in the Underland, a series of caverns. Unlike the traditional, more human-like gnomes, they can have a wide variety of physical features and skin colours where some of them are either standing at 1 ft or being taller than humans. They are used as slaves by the Lady of the Green Kirtle until her defeat, at which point they return to their true home, the much deeper (and hotter) underground realm of Bism.
In the Warcraft franchise (1994 to present), particularly as featured in the massively multiplayer online role-playing gameWorld of Warcraft, gnomes are a race of beings separate from but allied to dwarves and humans, with whom they share the lands of the Eastern Kingdoms. Crafty, intelligent, and smaller than their dwarven brethren, gnomes are one of two races in Azeroth regarded as technologically savvy. It is suggested in lore that the gnomes originally were mechanical creations that at some point became organic lifeforms. In World of Warcraft, gnomes are an exile race, having irradiated their home city of Gnomeregan in an unsuccessful last-ditch effort to drive out marauding foes.[12]
In J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series (created 1997 to 2007), gnomes are pests that inhabit the gardens of witches and wizards. They are small creatures with heads that look like potatoes on small stubby bodies. Gnomes are generally considered harmless but mischievous and may bite with sharp teeth. In the books, it is stated that the Weasleys are lenient to gnomes, and tolerate their presence, preferring to throw them out of the garden rather than more extreme measures.
In A. Yoshinobu’s Sorcerous Stabber Orphen, the European concept of a gnome is used in order to introduce the Far Eastern notion of the Koropokkuru, a mythical indigenous race of small people: gnomes are a prosecuted minority banned from learning wizardry and attending magical schools.[13]
In Terry Brooks' Shannara series (created 1977 to 2017), gnomes are an offshoot race created after the Great Wars. There are several distinctive classes of gnomes. Gnomes are the smallest race. In The Sword of Shannara they are considered to be tribal and warlike, the one race that can be the most easily subverted to an evil cause. This is evidenced by their allegiance to the Warlock Lord in The Sword of Shannara and to the Mord Wraiths in The Wishsong of Shannara.
Terry Pratchett included gnomes in his Discworld series. Gnomes were six inches in height but quite strong, often inflicting pain upon anyone underestimating them. One prominent gnome became a Watchman in Ankh-Morpork as the force became more diversified under the command of Sam Vimes, with Buggy Swires appearing in Jingo. Another gnome in the series was Wee Mad Arthur a pest terminator in Feet of Clay.
Music
One of the first movements in Mussorgsky's 1874 work Pictures at an Exhibition is named "Gnomus" (Latin for "The Gnome"). It is written to sound as if a gnome is moving about, his movements constantly changing in speed.
Gnomus by Mussorgsky , 1874
A classical piece of music written to sound as if a gnome is moving about.
"The Laughing Gnome" is a song by English musician David Bowie, released as a single in 1967. It became a hit when reissued in 1973, in the wake of Bowie's commercial success.
The 1970 album All Things Must Pass by English musician George Harrison has a cover image of the musician sitting among a group of garden gnomes.
In the Dungeons & Dragonsfantasyrole-playing game, gnomes are one of the core races available for play as player characters.[14] They are described as being smaller than dwarves and large-nosed. They have an affinity with small animals and a particular interest in gemstones. Depending on setting and subrace, they may also have a natural skill with illusion magic or engineering.
Historic garden gnomes on display at the Gnome Reserve in Devon, UK. The ornament on the left of the image was produced by Eckardt and Mentz in the late nineteenth-century,
By the late twentieth century the garden gnome had come to be stylised as an elderly man with a full white beard and a pointed hat.
After World War II (with early references, in ironic use, from the late 1930s) the diminutive figurines introduced as lawn ornaments during the 19th century came to be known as garden gnomes. The image of the gnome changed further during the 1960s to 1970s, when the first plastic garden gnomes were manufactured. These gnomes followed the style of the 1937 depiction of the seven dwarves in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs by Disney. This "Disneyfied" image of the gnome was built upon by the illustrated children's book classic The Secret Book of Gnomes (1976), in the original Dutch Leven en werken van de Kabouter. Garden gnomes share a resemblance to the Scandinavian tomte and nisse, and the Swedish term "tomte" can be translated as "gnome" in English.
The expression "Gnomes of Zürich", Swiss bankers pictured as diminutive creatures hoarding gold in subterranean vaults, was derived from a speech in 1956 by Harold Wilson, and gained currency in the 1960s (OED notes the New Statesman issue of 27 November 1964 as earliest attestation).
^Lewis, C. S. (1964). The Discarded Image - An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature. Cambridge University Press. p. 135. ISBN0-521-47735-2.
^Montfaucon de Villars, Nicolas-Pierre-Henri (1680). The Count of Gabalis: Or, The Extravagant Mysteries of the Cabalists, Exposed in Five Pleasant Discourses on the Secret Sciences. Translated by Gent, P. A. London: B. M. Printer. pp. 29–30. OCLC 992499594.
^de Montfaucon de Villars, N.-P.-H. (1913) [1670]. Comte de Gabalis. London: The Brothers, Old Bourne Press. OCLC 6624965. from the original on 13 May 2015.
^Rossi, Matthew (23 April 2014). "Know Your Lore: Gnomes, the inheritors of the future". Engadget. from the original on 31 July 2016. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
^Mizuno, Ryou (2019). Sorcerous Stabber Orphen Anthology. Commentary (in Japanese). TO Books. p. 238. ISBN9784864728799.
^"Sherlock Gnomes". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
^Paul, Péralte (16 April 2012). "Creating A World Record, One Gnome At A Time". East Atlanta Patch. from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
^"Best Dressed Gnome Parade & Contest (adults & kids), Savannah". Southern Mamas. 2012. from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
^Neff, Martha Mueller (18 May 2011). "5 ways for families to get close to birds". Cleveland.com. from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
^Schiff, Stacy (31 July 2006). "Know It All, Can Wikipedia conquer expertise?". The New Yorker. from the original on 30 September 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
April 13, 2023
gnome, this, article, about, fictional, humanoid, type, creature, desktop, environment, unix, like, operating, systems, gnome, garden, ornament, garden, gnome, other, uses, disambiguation, gnome, mythological, creature, diminutive, spirit, renaissance, magic, . This article is about the fictional humanoid type of creature For the desktop environment for UNIX like operating systems see GNOME For the garden ornament see Garden gnome For other uses see Gnome disambiguation A gnome n oʊ m 1 is a mythological creature and diminutive spirit in Renaissance magic and alchemy first introduced by Paracelsus in the 16th century and later adopted by authors including those of modern fantasy literature Typically small humanoids who live underground their characteristics are reinterpreted to suit various storytellers and artists 2 GnomeGnom mit Zeitung und Tabakspfeife English Gnome with newspaper and tobacco pipe by Heinrich Schlitt 1923 GroupingDiminutive spiritDiminutive statues of gnomes introduced as lawn ornaments during the 19th century grew in popularity during the 20th century and came to be known as garden gnomes Contents 1 History 1 1 Origins 2 Cultural references 2 1 In Romanticism and modern fairy tales 2 2 Modern fantasy literature 2 3 Music 2 4 Games 2 5 Movies 3 Derivative uses 3 1 Garden gnomes 3 2 Gnome themed parks 3 3 Gnome parades 3 4 Metaphorical uses 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory EditOrigins Edit The word comes from Renaissance Latin gnomus which first appears in A Book on Nymphs Sylphs Pygmies and Salamanders and on the Other Spirits by Paracelsus published posthumously in Nysa in 1566 and again in the Johannes Huser edition of 1589 1591 from an autograph by Paracelsus 3 4 The term may be an original invention of Paracelsus possibly deriving the term from Latin genomos itself representing a Greek gh nomos approximately ge nomos literally earth dweller In this case the omission of the e is referred to as a blunder by the Oxford English Dictionary OED Paracelsus uses Gnomi as a synonym of Pygmaei and classifies them as earth elementals He describes them as two spans high very reluctant to interact with humans and able to move through solid earth as easily as humans move through air 5 The chthonic or earth dwelling spirit has precedents in numerous ancient and medieval mythologies often guarding mines and precious underground treasures notably in the Germanic dwarfs and the Greek Chalybes Telchines or Dactyls 2 The gnomes of Swiss folklore follow this template as they are said to have caused the landslide that destroyed the Swiss village of Plurs in 1618 the villagers had become wealthy from a local gold mine created by the gnomes who poured liquid gold down into a vein for the benefit of humans and were corrupted by this newfound prosperity which greatly offended the gnomes 6 Cultural references EditIn Romanticism and modern fairy tales Edit Gnome Watching Railway Train Carl Spitzweg 1848 The English word is attested from the early 18th century Gnomes are used in Alexander Pope s The Rape of the Lock The creatures from this mock epic are small celestial creatures which were prudish women in their past lives and now spend all of eternity looking out for prudish women in parallel to the guardian angels in Catholic belief Other uses of the term gnome remain obscure until the early 19th century when it is taken up by authors of Romanticist collections of fairy tales and becomes mostly synonymous with the older word goblin Pope s stated source the 1670 French satire Comte de Gabalis by Nicolas Pierre Henri de Montfaucon de Villars the abbot of Villars describes gnomes as such The Earth is filled almost to the center with Gnomes or Pharyes a people of small stature the guardians of treasures of mines and of precious stones They are ingenious friends of men and easie sic to be commandded sic They furnish the children of the Sages with as much money as they have need of and never ask any other reward of their services than the glory of being commanded The Gnomides or wives of these Gnomes or Pharyes are little but very handsom sic and their habit marvellously sic curious 7 De Villars used the term gnomide to refer to female gnomes often gnomid in English translations 8 Modern fiction instead uses the word gnomess to refer to female gnomes 9 10 In 19th century fiction the chthonic gnome became a sort of antithesis to the more airy or luminous fairy Nathaniel Hawthorne in Twice Told Tales 1837 contrasts the two in Small enough to be king of the fairies and ugly enough to be king of the gnomes cited after OED Similarly gnomes are contrasted to elves as in William Cullen Bryant s Little People of the Snow 1877 which has let us have a tale of elves that ride by night with jingling reins or gnomes of the mine cited after OED The Russian composer Mussorgsky produced a movement in his work Pictures at an Exhibition 1874 named Gnomus Latin for The Gnome It is written to sound as if a gnome is moving about Franz Hartmann in 1895 satirized materialism in an allegorical tale entitled Unter den Gnomen im Untersberg The English translation appeared in 1896 as Among the Gnomes An Occult Tale of Adventure in the Untersberg In this story the Gnomes are still clearly subterranean creatures guarding treasures of gold within the Untersberg mountain As a figure of 19th century fairy tales the term gnome became largely synonymous with other terms for little people by the 20th century such as goblin brownie leprechaun and other instances of the household spirit type losing its strict association with earth or the underground world Modern fantasy literature Edit Creatures called gnomes have been used in the fantasy genre of fiction and later gaming since the mid nineteenth century typically in a cunning role e g as an inventor 11 In L Frank Baum s Oz books published 1900 to 1920 the Nomes so spelled especially their king are the chief adversaries of the Oz people They are ugly hot tempered immortal round bodied creatures with spindly limbs long beards and wild hair militantly collecting and protecting jewels and precious metals underground Ruth Plumly Thompson who continued the series 1921 to 1976 after Baum s death reverted to the traditional spelling He also featured gnomes in his book The Life and Adventures of Santa Claus They watch over the rocks their king is part of the Council of Immortals and they created the sleigh bells for Santa Claus s reindeer J R R Tolkien in the legendarium created 1914 to 1973 surrounding his Elves uses Gnomes as the initial but later dropped name of the Noldor the most gifted and technologically minded of his elvish races in conscious exploitation of the similarity with the word gnomic Gnome is thus Tolkien s English loan translation of the Quenya word Noldo plural Noldor those with knowledge Tolkien s Gnomes are generally tall beautiful dark haired light skinned immortal and wise They are also proud violent and unduly admire their own creations particularly their gemstones Many live in cities below ground Nargothrond or in secluded mountain fortresses Gondolin He uses Gnomes to refer to both males and females In The Father Christmas Letters between 1920 and 1942 which Tolkien wrote for his children Red Gnomes are presented as helpful creatures who come from Norway to the North Pole to assist Father Christmas and his Elves in fighting the wicked Goblins BB s The Little Grey Men 1942 is a story of the last gnomes in England little wild men who live by hunting and fishing In C S Lewis s The Chronicles of Narnia created 1950 to 1956 the gnomes are sometimes called Earthmen They live in the Underland a series of caverns Unlike the traditional more human like gnomes they can have a wide variety of physical features and skin colours where some of them are either standing at 1 ft or being taller than humans They are used as slaves by the Lady of the Green Kirtle until her defeat at which point they return to their true home the much deeper and hotter underground realm of Bism The Dutch books Gnomes 1976 and The Secret Book of Gnomes 1984 written by Wil Huygen deal with gnomes living together in harmony These same books are the basis for a made for TV animated film and the Spanish animated series The World of David the Gnome as well as the spin off Wisdom of the Gnomes The word gnome in this case is used in place of the Dutch kabouter In the Warcraft franchise 1994 to present particularly as featured in the massively multiplayer online role playing game World of Warcraft gnomes are a race of beings separate from but allied to dwarves and humans with whom they share the lands of the Eastern Kingdoms Crafty intelligent and smaller than their dwarven brethren gnomes are one of two races in Azeroth regarded as technologically savvy It is suggested in lore that the gnomes originally were mechanical creations that at some point became organic lifeforms In World of Warcraft gnomes are an exile race having irradiated their home city of Gnomeregan in an unsuccessful last ditch effort to drive out marauding foes 12 In J K Rowling s Harry Potter series created 1997 to 2007 gnomes are pests that inhabit the gardens of witches and wizards They are small creatures with heads that look like potatoes on small stubby bodies Gnomes are generally considered harmless but mischievous and may bite with sharp teeth In the books it is stated that the Weasleys are lenient to gnomes and tolerate their presence preferring to throw them out of the garden rather than more extreme measures In A Yoshinobu s Sorcerous Stabber Orphen the European concept of a gnome is used in order to introduce the Far Eastern notion of the Koropokkuru a mythical indigenous race of small people gnomes are a prosecuted minority banned from learning wizardry and attending magical schools 13 In Terry Brooks Shannara series created 1977 to 2017 gnomes are an offshoot race created after the Great Wars There are several distinctive classes of gnomes Gnomes are the smallest race In The Sword of Shannara they are considered to be tribal and warlike the one race that can be the most easily subverted to an evil cause This is evidenced by their allegiance to the Warlock Lord in The Sword of Shannara and to the Mord Wraiths in The Wishsong of Shannara Terry Pratchett included gnomes in his Discworld series Gnomes were six inches in height but quite strong often inflicting pain upon anyone underestimating them One prominent gnome became a Watchman in Ankh Morpork as the force became more diversified under the command of Sam Vimes with Buggy Swires appearing in Jingo Another gnome in the series was Wee Mad Arthur a pest terminator in Feet of Clay Music Edit One of the first movements in Mussorgsky s 1874 work Pictures at an Exhibition is named Gnomus Latin for The Gnome It is written to sound as if a gnome is moving about his movements constantly changing in speed Gnomus by Mussorgsky 1874 source source A classical piece of music written to sound as if a gnome is moving about The Laughing Gnome is a song by English musician David Bowie released as a single in 1967 It became a hit when reissued in 1973 in the wake of Bowie s commercial success The 1970 album All Things Must Pass by English musician George Harrison has a cover image of the musician sitting among a group of garden gnomes The Gnome is a song by Pink Floyd on their 1967 album The Piper at the Gates of Dawn It is about a gnome named Grimble Gromble Games Edit In the Dungeons amp Dragons fantasy role playing game gnomes are one of the core races available for play as player characters 14 They are described as being smaller than dwarves and large nosed They have an affinity with small animals and a particular interest in gemstones Depending on setting and subrace they may also have a natural skill with illusion magic or engineering Movies Edit The 1967 Walt Disney movie The Gnome MobileThe 2011 animated movie Gnomeo amp JulietThe 2018 animated movie Sherlock Gnomes featured gnomish versions of several classic Sherlock Holmes characters 15 Derivative uses EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed November 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message Garden gnomes Edit Main article Garden gnome Historic garden gnomes on display at the Gnome Reserve in Devon UK The ornament on the left of the image was produced by Eckardt and Mentz in the late nineteenth century By the late twentieth century the garden gnome had come to be stylised as an elderly man with a full white beard and a pointed hat After World War II with early references in ironic use from the late 1930s the diminutive figurines introduced as lawn ornaments during the 19th century came to be known as garden gnomes The image of the gnome changed further during the 1960s to 1970s when the first plastic garden gnomes were manufactured These gnomes followed the style of the 1937 depiction of the seven dwarves in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs by Disney This Disneyfied image of the gnome was built upon by the illustrated children s book classic The Secret Book of Gnomes 1976 in the original Dutch Leven en werken van de Kabouter Garden gnomes share a resemblance to the Scandinavian tomte and nisse and the Swedish term tomte can be translated as gnome in English Gnome themed parks Edit Gnome garden at the Wieliczka Salt Mine Poland Several gnome themed entertainment parks exist Notable ones are The Gnome Reserve at West Putford near Bradworthy in North Devon United Kingdom Gnomeland at Watermouth Castle in Berrynarbor North Devon United Kingdom Gnome Magic Garden at Colchester United Kingdom Gnome Park in Dawson Minnesota United States The Gnome Village at Efteling theme park in Kaatsheuvel Netherlands Zwergen Park Trusetal in Trusetal Germany Gnom s Park in Nowa Sol Poland Gnome parades Edit Gnome parades are held annually at Atlanta s Inman Park Festival 16 Numerous one off gnome parades have been held including in Savannah Georgia April 2012 17 and Cleveland Ohio May 2011 18 Metaphorical uses Edit The expression Gnomes of Zurich Swiss bankers pictured as diminutive creatures hoarding gold in subterranean vaults was derived from a speech in 1956 by Harold Wilson and gained currency in the 1960s OED notes the New Statesman issue of 27 November 1964 as earliest attestation Architect Earl Young built a number of stone houses in Charlevoix Michigan that have been referred to as gnome homes A user of Wikipedia or any wiki who makes useful incremental edits without clamouring for attention is called a WikiGnome 19 See also Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Gnomes Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gnomes Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica article Gnomes Erdgeist Garden hermit Gnome Dungeons amp Dragons Wroclaw s dwarfs Travelling gnomeReferences Edit Gnome Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required a b Gnome Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Archived from the original on 17 April 2008 Retrieved 12 March 2008 Paracelsus 1566 Ex Libro de Nymphis Sylvanis Pygmaeis Salamandris et Gigantibus etc Nissae Silesiorum Ioannes Cruciger Hall Manly P 1997 1964 Paracelsus His Mystical and Medical Philosophy Philosophical Research Society pp 53 69 72 74 77 78 ISBN 0 89314 808 3 Lewis C S 1964 The Discarded Image An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature Cambridge University Press p 135 ISBN 0 521 47735 2 Guerber H A 1899 Legends of Switzerland Dodd Mead amp Co pp 289 290 Montfaucon de Villars Nicolas Pierre Henri 1680 The Count of Gabalis Or The Extravagant Mysteries of the Cabalists Exposed in Five Pleasant Discourses on the Secret Sciences Translated by Gent P A London B M Printer pp 29 30 OCLC 992499594 de Montfaucon de Villars N P H 1913 1670 Comte de Gabalis London The Brothers Old Bourne Press OCLC 6624965 Archived from the original on 13 May 2015 2007 Shadow on the Land page 115 2013 Gnomes and Haflings page 120 Clute John Grant John 1999 Elemental The Encyclopedia of Fantasy New York St Martin s Griffin pp 313 314 ISBN 0 312 19869 8 Rossi Matthew 23 April 2014 Know Your Lore Gnomes the inheritors of the future Engadget Archived from the original on 31 July 2016 Retrieved 4 July 2016 Mizuno Ryou 2019 Sorcerous Stabber Orphen Anthology Commentary in Japanese TO Books p 238 ISBN 9784864728799 Tweet Jonathan July 2003 Player s Handbook Core Rulebook I v 3 5 Renton WA Wizards of the Coast verification needed Sherlock Gnomes Box Office Mojo Retrieved 5 December 2020 Paul Peralte 16 April 2012 Creating A World Record One Gnome At A Time East Atlanta Patch Archived from the original on 24 September 2012 Retrieved 22 May 2012 Best Dressed Gnome Parade amp Contest adults amp kids Savannah Southern Mamas 2012 Archived from the original on 16 March 2013 Retrieved 22 May 2012 Neff Martha Mueller 18 May 2011 5 ways for families to get close to birds Cleveland com Archived from the original on 17 October 2013 Retrieved 22 May 2012 Schiff Stacy 31 July 2006 Know It All Can Wikipedia conquer expertise The New Yorker Archived from the original on 30 September 2014 Retrieved 9 October 2016 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gnome amp oldid 1148405723, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
