Globish (Nerrière)
Globish is a name for a subset of the English language formalized in 2004 by Jean-Paul Nerrière.[1] It uses a subset of standard English grammar and a list of 1500 English words. Nerrière claims that it is "not a language" in and of itself,[2] but rather it is the common ground that non-native English speakers adopt in the context of international business.
| Globish | |
|---|---|
| Pronunciation | /ˈɡləʊbɪʃ/[citation needed] |
| Created by | Jean-Paul Nerrière |
| Date | 2004 |
| Setting and usage | international auxiliary language |
| Purpose | Constructed language
|
Early forms | |
| Sources | vocabulary from a list of 1500 English words, and grammar based on a subset of standard English grammar |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
"Globish," a trademark, is a portmanteau of "global" and "English." The first attested reference to the term as Global English, i.e., to refer to a set of dialects of English spoken outside of traditional English-speaking areas, was in an issue of The Christian Science Monitor in 1997:[3]
Indeed, the "globish" of world youth culture is more and more interactive. Non-Western forms of English now are as creative and lively as Chaucerian or Shakespearean or Dickensian English once were.[4]
Nerrière's project differs from a controlled language of the same name devised by Madhukar Gogate six years earlier.
Usage edit
Jean-Paul Nerrière uses the term Globish for his subset of the English grammar and vocabulary. He claims that the language described in his books is naturally occurring. He has marked his codification of that language by acquiring trademark protection on the term, similar to I.A. Richards who trademarked Basic English in order to prevent dilution and misrepresentation of his work.[5] Instances of attested prior usage, it can be seen, were incidental or not intended for the same purpose.
Development edit
As an IBM executive and as a result of his vast travels, Jean-Paul Nerrière realized that a new global language was becoming more and more important.[6] While serving as vice president of international marketing at IBM, Jean-Paul Nerriere first observed patterns of English that non-native English speakers used to communicate with each other in international conferences.[2][7] In 1989, he proposed Globish as an international language focussing most of his efforts to its promotion. He developed rules and training in the form of various publications to help non-native English speakers better communicate with each other by using Globish as a lingua franca.[8] He conducted dozens of interviews and wrote or co-authored 6 books about Globish in four different languages.[9][2]
Promotion and publications edit
Nerrière formulated his ideas in two books he authored, Découvrez le globish (meaning Discover the Globish) and Do Not Speak English, Parlez Globish.[10] Both books have been translated into a number of international languages. In French, he has published Parlez globish!: l'anglais planétaire du troisième millénaire and co-authored with Philippe Dufresne and Jacques Bourgon, the instruction book Découvrez le globish: l'anglais allégé en 26 étapes.
Nerrière's 2004 codification work began to legitimize the language purpose to the extent it drew some press attention. Clearly, and with much subsequent reference, the term Globish has grown increasingly as a generic term since the date of his first publications. Nerrière trademarked Globish as a subset of the English language formalized by him.[6][11] He also launched the website globish.com to promote his ideas.
In 2009, intending to demonstrate that "Good Globish is correct English", Nerriere and David Hon published Globish the World Over, the first book written entirely in Globish-English. Robert McCrum, literary editor of The Observer, is quoted as supporting the efficacy of the language.[12] By 2011, Globish the World Over had been translated into 12 languages including French, German, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Japanese, Chinese, Polish, Hungarian, Slovakian, Uzbek etc.[13] It was a best seller in Japan.
In 2011, the Globish Foundation was formed as a non-profit organization in Australia, for the purpose of maintaining and promulgating the standards of Globish. By 2013, the Globish Foundation had 8 national affiliates and an online Globish Communications Test available 24/7.[14]
Barbara Cassin claims that Globish is not a language of culture, but a language of service.[15] Robert McCrum wrote the book Globish: How the English Language Became the World's Language (ISBN 9780393062557), describing Globish as an economic phenomenon, unlike "global English" whose uses are much more diverse than just business.[16]
Related systems edit
Special English is also a controlled subset of the English language with about 1500 words, short sentences, and slower delivery than traditional English. Special English was first used on October 19, 1959, and is still presented daily by the United States broadcasting service Voice of America.
Specialized English is a controlled subset of the English language derived from Special English by Feba Radio. It also has about 1500 words, with some differences in the word list from Special English.
Criticism edit
Critics of Globish either feel that its codifications are not sufficiently clearly rendered, or that an artificial language is preferable to any natural one.[citation needed]
- Although Nerrière claims that the Globish described in his book is a natural language, he has never published any statistical evidence of his observations. Joachim Grzega, a German linguist, has even gone as far as to state "Obviously, it is not based on any empirical observations, neither on native–non-native nor on non-native–non-native discourse."[17]
- Globish is suspected of cultural imperialism, because it spreads only one language from which the subset of words is taken: this criticism is often by the speakers of other "neutral" languages, meant as languages not spoken in any nation. Clearly, derivative forms which have "English" in their titles are doubly suspect. According to CIA's The World Factbook, native English speakers represent only 4.68% of the world population,[18] including native and non-native speakers the total proportion of all English speakers is estimated to be 10–15%.[19]
- Globish is criticized for having an ulterior economic motive. It is a registered trademark and some marketing is done with it, since its owner did not renounce his rights to it (as for example L.L. Zamenhof did for Esperanto; on the other hand, I.A. Richards discussed why he trademarked Basic English, in order to prevent dilution and misrepresentation[5]).
- The Globish Text Scanner accepts some 2000 extra words.[20]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ "Globish now the lingua franca of world travellers" 2009-04-14 at the Wayback Machine The Australian, December 12, 2006.
- ^ a b c "Parlez vous Globish? Probably, even if you don't know it", Toronto Star, March 7, 2009.
- ^ Among the New Words, 2007, American Speech 82.1 Georgia College & State University.
- ^ 'Cultural Imperialism Aside, English Spans Linguistic Gulfs', Nigel Young, professor of sociology, Colgate University in Hamilton, N.Y., Christian Science Monitor, 29 December 1997
- ^ a b Basic English and Its Uses, W.W. Norton, 1943
- ^ a b Frederick E. Allen (March 1, 2012). "A New International Business Language: Globish". Forbes. Retrieved March 18, 2018.
- ^ McCrum, Robert: "So, what's this Globish revolution?" The Observer, December 3, 2006.
- ^ "New lingua franca upsets French" BBC News, January 23, 2009.
- ^ "Globish now the lingua franca of world travellers" 2009-04-14 at the Wayback Machine The Australian, December 12, 2006.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary: The rise of global English
- ^ "Globish now the lingua franca of world travellers" 2009-04-14 at the Wayback Machine The Australian, December 12, 2006.
- ^ . Globish.com. Archived from the original on Mar 22, 2016.
- ^ Globish official website
- ^ . Archived from the original on March 30, 2023.
- ^ "The power of bilingualism: Interview with Barbara Cassin, e-flux.com". e-flux.com. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
- ^ Isaac Chotiner (2010-05-31). "Globish for Beginners". The New Yorker.
- ^ Globish and Basic Global English (BGE): Two Alternatives for a Rapid Acquisition of Communicative Competence in a Globalized World? by Dr Joaquin Grzega, a German linguist.
- ^ english version reported by the International Liaison Committee of Atheists and Freethinkers and the of the same article, with sources
- ^ "English". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2017-11-17.
- ^ GLOBISH ? WHICH GLOBISH ?
External links edit
- Official international Globish site
- Official ebook about Globish: "Globish The World Over"- free sample chapters
- (creator of Globish)
- Nerrière's Globish site
- BASIC GLOBISH (Text) (Globish Word Listing 1,500 words)
- Globish vocabulary (PDF) (1500 words; from Nerrière's site)
- Globish words explained in English (PDF)
- GLOBISH TEXT SCANNER
- Yvan Baptiste's site about Nerrière's Globish (in French; gives pronunciations for the 1500 words)
- Critical comments on Globish by Joachim Grzega in the article Globish and Basic Global English (BGE), published in the Journal for EuroLinguistiX
- So, what's this Globish revolution? Guardian Unlimited 3 December 2006
- Nerrière on Globish (Video)