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Glashtyn

January 07, 2023

Glashtyn (Manx English: glashtin, glashtan [ˈɡlaʃθən] or glashan; Manx: glashtin or glashtyn [ˈɡlaʃtʲənʲ]) is a legendary creature from Manx folklore.

A glashan featured in an Irish folktale retelling.
—Illust. Willy Pogany. Colum, Padraic (1916). King of Ireland's son

The glashtin is said to be a goblin that appears out of its aquatic habitat, to come in contact with the island folk; others claim it takes the shape of a colt, or equate it to the water horse known locally as cabyll-ushtey. Yet another source claims the glashtin was a water-bull (tarroo-ushtey in Manx), half-bovine and half-equine.

Some tales or lore recount that it has pursued after women, ending in the stock motif of escape by cutting loose the skirt-hem, although in one modern version her escape is achieved by a rooster's crowing; in that tale the glashtin pretends to be a handsome man but is betrayed by his horse-ears.

Lexicography

The word glashtin is thought to derive from Celtic glais (Old Irish: glais, glaise, glas[1]), meaning "stream", or sometimes even the sea.[2][3]

Celtic Manx language

"Glashtin" is the orthography in the Manx language according to Cregeen's dictionary (1835),[4] and this is the spelling adhered to by Joseph Train, A. W. Moore and various other 19th century authorities of Manx folklore.[5][6][7]

However the spelling "Glashtyn" is used as heading in John Kelly's Fockleyr dictionary of 1866.[8]

Manx Gaelic glashtin, glashtyn is pronounced /ɡlaʃtʲənʲ/ according to a recent paper on the language.[9][a]

Manx English

In the Manx English dialect, "Glashan, glashtan, glashtin" as 'hairy goblin' is the primary (and most detailed) entry given in Moore's posthumous dictionary (1924), completed in collaboration with Morrison and Goodwin.[11]

Glashtan, glashtin ([glaʃən]) and glashan ([glaʃþən]) are the phonology given in Moore's dictionary.[11][b][c]

The form "glashan" is found in folklore examples collect on a southerly island (Calf of Man) by J. F. Campbell.[d][12]

Definitions

The Celtic Manx term glashtin is a masculine noun denoting "a goblin, a sprite" according to Cregeen's dictionary,[4] while Moore's Manx English dictionary gives "hairy goblin", which can also be applied figuratively to a "big, hulking boy".[11] Kelly adds that the goblin emerges out of water.[8]

But according to Manx writer Joseph Train, "the glashtin is a water-horse that formerly, like the §taroo-ushtey, left his native element to associate with land animals of the same class".[5]

This dual picture prompted A. W. Moore to comment that the glashan or glashtin is sometimes ascribed a hairy goblin's attributes, like the fenodyree's, and sometimes horse-like attributes, like the cabbyl-ushtey's.[13] Welsh scholar Rhys also concurred, saying that his "informants" were at odds, some of them regarding the "glastyn" as the Manx version of the brownie, while others were adamant it was "a sort of grey colt, frequenting the banks of lakes at night".[14][e]

Shapeshifter theory

The two conflicting accounts above can be reconciled by regarding the Manx glashtin as a shape-shifter. Recent literature embracing this notion claims that the equine glashtin assumes human form at times, but betrays his identity when he fails to conceal his ears, which are pointed like a horse's.[16]

One modern fairy tale relates how a fisherman's daughter living in Scarlett outwitted the foreign-tongued "dark and handsome" stranger whom she recognized as glashtin by his horse's ears. She knew she was in peril because according to lore, the glashtin had the ill habit of transforming into a "water-horse" and dragging women to sea.[17]

Reversed hooves

Although the glashtin may assume a normal horse's guise, it had hooves which "were back to front", writes Wiltshire native folklore author Ralph Whitlock, writing in 1979.[18] The reversed hooves has been ascribed to the Shetlandic njogel by James A. Teit back in 1918.[19]

Folklore attestations

An early commentary on the glashtin occurs in Joseph Train's History (1845).[5][f]

According to Train, the glashtin is a sort of a water-horse,[5] while at the same time, the fairy fiddler Hom Mooar was a glashtin as well,[21] thus providing a dichotomous picture of the legendary creature.

Water horse

In one passage, Train claims the glashtin to be a water-horse, and that this sea-glashtin[22] would at one time emerge from his marine habitat, mingling with the local land-roving ponies, and cross breed to produce foal.[5]

Train drew similarity to the Manx water-bull (see #taroo ushtey below) which also shared the trait of mingling with land livestock.[5] In fact the water-bull attempts to mate with domesticated cows as well, only unsuccessfully, according to George Waldron (1731).[g][h][24]

The glashtin, it was said, ceased to appear after the islanders started cross-breeding their native horses with breeds from the outside.[5]

Seducer of women

German mythographer Karl Blind noted that Manx glashtin or elashtan "attacks lonely women" as is the case with the Shetlandic nuggle and the Scottish kelpie.[3]

The creature was known to have great curiosity for women and pester them in rather picaresque manner, and would grab hold and tear off pieces of women's attire.

Cutting the grabbed hem off dress motif

One anecdote concerns a glashan who caught a girl by getting a tight grip-hold of her dress. But while he slept, she cut away the dress and escaped, making him cast away the cloth, uttering something in Manx unintelligible to Campbell.[12] Charles Roeder records a similar tale of a woman who loosened her apron-string to rid herself of the glashtin clung on her apron, and he spoke these words: 'Rumbyl, rumbyl, cha vel ayms agh yn sampyl' (The edge or skirt of the garment, I have but the sample).[25][i] Sophia Morrison gives another version with this tale motif, entitled "The Buggane of the Glen Meay Waterfall".[28]

Rooster's crowing

In the aforementioned modern fairy tale, on a stormy night in Scarlett, the girl Kirree Quayle gave refuge to a dark, handsome stranger, but afterwards recognized him be a glashtin, deducing from his horse ears. She feared for herself knowing the creature was reputed to shape-shift into a water-horse and drag women to sea. As her fisherman father was late, she wished for dawn's break which would banish any non-mortals. She resisted his temptation of a strand of pearls dangled before her, and when grabbed she let out a scream, causing the red cockerel to crow, prematurely announcing the break of dawn, scaring the glashtin away.[17]

Fairy fiddler

Train also alleged that the renowned Hom Mooar (which signifies "Big Tom", a name of a fairy fiddler[29]), was a glashtin.[30] He goes on to supply as an example a tale taken from Waldron, describing a man was lured by invisible musicians to a strange banquet, and obtained the silver cup that came to be used for the "consecrated Wine in Kirk-Merlugh (Malew Church),[31][32] even though Waldron never refers to the enchanted musicians as glashtin or "Big Tom".

Helpful spirit

Manx lore concerning a helpful glashan was collected by Scottish folklorist J. F. Campbell, from a woman living on the Calf of Man in the southern part of the Isle of Man. The story-telling woman described a creature or being which assisted her as farmhand, performing the tasks of rounding up sheep from the fold, or threshing stalks of corn left unbundled.[12][j]

Similar or conflated mythical creatures

Tarroo-ushtey

See also water bull (tarbh uisge) for Scottish analogues

tarroo-ushtey (Manx pronunciation: [ˌtaru ˈuʃtʲə],[33] Manx English pronunciation:[ˈtaru ˈùʃtþə], Mx. for "water bull")[34][35]

The 18th century Manx local historian George Waldron records the superstition about the Water-Bull, an "amphibious creature" with every semblance of a natural bull, but a cow mating with it calves only a misshapen "lump of flesh and skin without bones" and often dies giving birth. Waldron also wrote that a neighbor detected a stray bull in his herd and, suspecting it to be a Water-Bull, rounded up a group of men with pitchforks to give it chase.[24] The beast, however, dove into a river and eluded them, bobbing its head up in mockery.[24] It was Train who later supplied the equivalent name in the Manx language, and made similarity comparisons to the glashtin.[36]

John Nelson (1840-1910[37]), a Manx informant well-versed in local Gaelic lore, argued that the water-bull was "supposed to be a goblin half cow and half horse" and so it and the glashtin were one and the same.[38]

Cabyll-ushtey

See also kelpie and each-uisge for Scottish analogues

cabyll-ushtey[k] (Manx pronunciation: [ˈkaːvəl ˈuʃtʲə],[40] [ˈkabəlˈuʃtʲə],[41] Manx English pronunciation:[ˈkāvəl ˈùʃtþə], Mx. for "water horse")[39]

Manx folklorist and historian Arthur William Moore was unable to avoid the dichotomy regarding the glashtin. In one instance, Moore represents the glashtin as "a hairy goblin or sprite",[42] but also says glashtin was another name for a water-horse[42] or the cabbyl-ushtey.[43][l]

Moore says there was a sighting of the horse in 1859 at Ballure Glen, and after being spotted people from nearby Ramsey flocked to see, but no one caught sight of it. The glen beneath the Glen Meay Waterfall (near Peel; see Morrison's tale above[28]) was haunted by the ghost of a man who unwittingly rode on the horseback of the glashtin or cabbyl-ushtey, and was drowned at sea.[45][46][m]

One tale recounts how a cabbyl-ushtey emerged from the Awin Dhoo (Black River) and devoured a farmer's cow, then later it took his teenaged daughter.[47] Nevertheless, recent literature makes the cabyll-ushtey as being more benign than the Scottish Gaelic each-uisge.[48]

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ Phoneticized as /Glosh-teen/ by one non-scholarly (apparently Wiccan) source.[10]
  2. ^ The /þ/ being explained as the sound "th" as in "thin" (on p. xi), it apparently signifies the /θ/ sound.
  3. ^ Alternatively pronounced /ˈɡlæʃtɪn/.[citation needed]
  4. ^ J. F. Campbell orally collected examples which were at least partly in Manx Gaelic ("Manks" as he calls it), but he confesses to not being able to make out various parts of it. As such, he does not provide a transcript of Manx Gaelic, and only gives English summaries in his introduction to the book. Hence the "glashan" here is presumably Manx English or transliteration into English.
  5. ^ Briggs subscribes to the notion that the "almost extinct glashan" is confused with the glashtin, and the glashan is the spirit that is "sometimes described as a kind of fenoderee".[15]
  6. ^ Train claimed he used as his source an MS Account of Manks Superstition, which was a study on folklore he commissioned specifically for his work from an island native.[20]
  7. ^ The water bull's crossbred progeny always turning out to be non-viable "lumps of flesh", as Dalyell has noted in 1835, citing Waldron.[23]
  8. ^ Waldron wrote of the water-bull but did not mention the glashtin.
  9. ^ Manx rumbyl is glossed as 'skirt, border',[26] but seems to also mean (a horse's) posterior, 'rump, croup'.[27]
  10. ^ Cf. A similar account by Charles Roeder regarding the Glashtin, which Rhys (1901) ascertains is "about the fenodyree under the name of glashtyn".
  11. ^ Also known as Cabbyl-ny-hoie 'the night-horse'.[39]
  12. ^ Train only referred to the "water horse" in English,[5] and later Moor applied the Manx name.[43]
  13. ^ Moore took both these stories Jenkinson's book published in 1874, whose source for the first sighting was a "respectable farmer's wife from Ramsey" who told Jenkinson about an occurrence reaching 15 years back.

References

Citations
  1. ^ eDIL, s. v. "glais , glaise, glas". "a stream, streamlet, rivulet, current : common in place-names".
  2. ^ Kneen, J. J. (1925), "Parish of Kirk Lonan", The Place-Names of the Isle of Man with their Origin and History, Douglas: Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh (The Manx Society), pp. 241–, s. v. "Mullenbeg".
  3. ^ a b Blind, Karl (1881), "Scottish, Shetlandic, and Germanic Water Tales(1)", The Contemporary Review, 40: 204
  4. ^ a b Cregeen (1835), s.v. "Glashtin", p. 79.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Train (1845), Ch. VIII, "Sea-Glashtin", p. 147
  6. ^ Moore (1891),p. 52
  7. ^ Roeder (1897), Contribb. to Mx. Folk Lore, p.?
  8. ^ a b Kelly (1866). The Manx dictionary s. v. "glashtyn"; quoted by Roeder (1897) and Rhys (1901), p. 285: "a goblin, an imaginary animal which rises out of the water".
  9. ^ Lewin (2020), p. 106.
  10. ^ McCoy, Edain (1994), A witch's guide to faery folk: reclaiming our working relationship, Saint Paul, MN: Llewellyn Worldwide, p. 232, ISBN 9780875427331
  11. ^ a b c Moore, Morrison & Goodwin (1924) Vocabulary, "Glashtin", p. 79; "Glashan, Glashtan, Glashtin", p. 70.
  12. ^ a b c Campbell, J. F. (1860), Popular Tales of the West Highlands, orally collected (New edition), vol. 1, Paisley: Alexander Gardener, pp. liii–lv; 1890 edition, pp. liii-lv
  13. ^ Moore (1895), p. 230.
  14. ^ Rhys (1901), p. 286.
  15. ^ a b Briggs (1977) Encyclopedia of Fairies, s.v. "Glastyn, the, or Glashtin", pp. 191–192.
  16. ^ Mackillop (1998), "(in) human form ... could not hide his horse's ears."
  17. ^ a b Broome, Dora (1951). "The Glashtin". Fairy Tales from the Isle of Man. Harmondsworth: Penguin. pp. 48–53. Also cited by Briggs.[15]
  18. ^ Whitlock, Ralph (1979), In Search of Lost Gods: A Guide to British Folklore, Phaidon, p. 46, ISBN 9780714820187
  19. ^ Teit, J. A. (April–June 1918), "Water-Beings in Shetlandic Folk-Lore, as Remembered by Shetlanders in British Columbia", The Journal of American Folklore, American Folklore Society, 31 (120): 183, doi:10.2307/534874, JSTOR 534874
  20. ^ Train (1845), p. 147, n1.
  21. ^ Train (1845), Ch. VIII, "Mooar", pp. 154–155.
  22. ^ Train (1845), p. 142 gives the heading "the Sea-Glashtin"
  23. ^ Dalyell, John Graham, Sir (1835), Popular Tales of the West Highlands, orally collected (New edition), vol. 1, Glasgow: Richard Griffin, p. 544
  24. ^ a b c Waldron, George (1744) [1731], The History and Description of the Isle of Man: Viz. Its Antiquity, History, Laws, Customs, Religion and Manners of Its Inhabitants, ... (2 ed.), W. Bickerton, pp. 84–86
  25. ^ Roeder (1897), in Yn Lior Manninagh
  26. ^ Kelly, Liorish Juan Y. (1866). The Manx dictionary [Focklayr Manninagh as Baarlagh], Part 2, s. v. "rumbyl", s. 'a skirt, a border'.
  27. ^ Kelly (1866). The Manx dictionary s. v. "croup", "rump"
  28. ^ a b Morrison, Sophia (1911). "The Buggane of the Glen Meay Waterfall". Manx Fairy Tales. London: D. Nutt. pp. 8–13.
  29. ^ Moore, Morrison & Goodwin (1924) Vocabulary, s. v. "Hom", p.83; "Bairn-mooar", baə(r)n mūə(r), p. 11
  30. ^ Train (1845), p. 154.
  31. ^ Waldron (1744) (2nd ed.), pp. 54–55
  32. ^ Also reprinted in Keightley, Fairy Mythology", p. 399, "The Fairy Banquet"
  33. ^ Lewin (2020), pp. 170, 73.
  34. ^ Kneen, J. J. (1931), A grammar of the Manx language, p. 46
  35. ^ Moore, Morrison & Goodwin (1924) Vocabulary, "Taroo", p. 183; ad. "Cabbyl-ushtey", p. 27.
  36. ^ Train (1845), Ch. VIII, "§Freaks of the Tarroo Ushtey of Lhanjaghyn ", pp. 146–147
  37. ^ Anonymous (1910). "[Memorial Notices] John Nelson. Died Aug 8th, 1910." Manx Quarterly 9: 83 apud Miller, Stephen (August 2009), "'The Kind Cooperation of Many Local Friends': Deemster J. F. Gill's Search for Manx Folk Singers (1895-1898)", Folklore, 120 (2): 181, doi:10.1080/00155870902969335, JSTOR 40646513, S2CID 162255501
  38. ^ Evans-Wentz, Walter Yeeling (1911). The Fairy-faith in Celtic Countries. Henry Frowde. pp. 130–131. ISBN 9781530177868.
  39. ^ a b Moore, Morrison & Goodwin (1924) Vocabulary, "Cabbyl-ushtey", p. 27.
  40. ^ Draskau, Jennifer (2008), Practical Manx, p. 223, ISBN 9781846311314
  41. ^ Lewin (2020), pp. 74, 73.
  42. ^ a b Moore (1891),Folk-lore, p. 52, "..they combine the attributes.. of.. Brownie, and.. and Troll, though the Glashtin seems to be a water-horse, also"
  43. ^ a b Moore (1891), p. 53.
  44. ^ —— (1896), Manx ballads & music, Douglas: G. & R. Johnson, p. xxii
  45. ^ Moore (1891), p. 54; Identification with glashtin given at also given by Moore (1896), p. xxii.[44]
  46. ^ Jenkinson, Henry Irwin (1874), Jenkinson's practical guide to the Isle of Man, London: Edward Stanford, pp. 151–152
  47. ^ Gill, W. Walter (1929). A Manx Scrapbook Arrowsmith. Ch. 4.
  48. ^ Mackillop (1998), cabyll-ushtey "The Manx *each uisce or water-horse. Not as dangerous or greedy as its Highland counterpart.. appears in relatively few folk narratives. It might seize cows and tear them.. stampede horses, or steal children. Folk motif B17.2.1 (Hostile sea-beasts)
Bibliography
  • Briggs, Katharine Mary (1977), An Encyclopedia of Fairies: Hobgoblins, Brownies, Bogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures, New York: Pantheon (U.S. version of A Dictionary of Fairies, London: Penguin. 1976)
  • Cregeen, Archibald (1835), A dictionary of the Manks language, Douglas: J. Quiggin
  • Kelly, John (Liorish Juan Y.) (1866), "glashtyn", Fockleyr Manninagh as Baarlagh [The Manx dictionary], Douglas: Manx Society
  • Lewin, Christopher (2020), Aspects of the historical phonology of Manx
  • Mackillop, James (1998), "Fenodyree", Dictionary of Celtic Mythology, Oxford University Press, p. 211, ISBN 0-19-280120-1
  • Moore, Arthur William; Morrison, Sophia; Goodwin, Edmund (1924), A Vocabulary of the Anglo-Manx Dialect, Oxford University Press; under Letter H.
  • Moore, Arthur William (1891), "Chapter IV: Hobgoblins, monsters, giants, mermaids, apparitions, &c.", The Folk-Lore of the Isle of Man, Douglas: Brown & Son, pp. 52–
  • —— (January 1895), "Further Notes on Manx Folklore", The Antiquary, London: Elliot Stock, XXXI: 5–9, 72–76, 106–109
  • Rhys, John (1901), "IV:Manx Folklore", Celtic folklore: Welsh and Manx, vol. 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 284–322, ISBN 9780384506107
  • Roeder, C. (1897), "Contributions to the Folk Lore of the Isle of Man", Yn Lior Manninagh, Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society, 3 (4), pp. 129-; pp.134–191
  • Train, Joseph (1845), "Ch. XVIII, Popular Superstions", An historical and statistical account of the Isle of Man, vol. 2, Douglas: Mary A.Quiggin, pp. 142–184

External links

    January 07, 2023
    glashtyn, manx, english, glashtin, glashtan, ˈɡlaʃθən, glashan, manx, glashtin, glashtyn, ˈɡlaʃtʲənʲ, legendary, creature, from, manx, folklore, glashan, featured, irish, folktale, retelling, illust, willy, pogany, colum, padraic, 1916, king, ireland, glashtin. Glashtyn Manx English glashtin glashtan ˈɡlaʃ8en or glashan Manx glashtin or glashtyn ˈɡlaʃtʲenʲ is a legendary creature from Manx folklore A glashan featured in an Irish folktale retelling Illust Willy Pogany Colum Padraic 1916 King of Ireland s son The glashtin is said to be a goblin that appears out of its aquatic habitat to come in contact with the island folk others claim it takes the shape of a colt or equate it to the water horse known locally as cabyll ushtey Yet another source claims the glashtin was a water bull tarroo ushtey in Manx half bovine and half equine Some tales or lore recount that it has pursued after women ending in the stock motif of escape by cutting loose the skirt hem although in one modern version her escape is achieved by a rooster s crowing in that tale the glashtin pretends to be a handsome man but is betrayed by his horse ears Contents 1 Lexicography 1 1 Celtic Manx language 1 2 Manx English 2 Definitions 2 1 Shapeshifter theory 3 Reversed hooves 4 Folklore attestations 4 1 Water horse 4 2 Seducer of women 4 2 1 Cutting the grabbed hem off dress motif 4 2 2 Rooster s crowing 4 3 Fairy fiddler 4 4 Helpful spirit 5 Similar or conflated mythical creatures 5 1 Tarroo ushtey 5 2 Cabyll ushtey 6 See also 7 Explanatory notes 8 References 9 External linksLexicography EditThe word glashtin is thought to derive from Celtic glais Old Irish glais glaise glas 1 meaning stream or sometimes even the sea 2 3 Celtic Manx language Edit Glashtin is the orthography in the Manx language according to Cregeen s dictionary 1835 4 and this is the spelling adhered to by Joseph Train A W Moore and various other 19th century authorities of Manx folklore 5 6 7 However the spelling Glashtyn is used as heading in John Kelly s Fockleyr dictionary of 1866 8 Manx Gaelic glashtin glashtyn is pronounced ɡlaʃtʲenʲ according to a recent paper on the language 9 a Manx English Edit In the Manx English dialect Glashan glashtan glashtin as hairy goblin is the primary and most detailed entry given in Moore s posthumous dictionary 1924 completed in collaboration with Morrison and Goodwin 11 Glashtan glashtin glaʃen and glashan glaʃthen are the phonology given in Moore s dictionary 11 b c The form glashan is found in folklore examples collect on a southerly island Calf of Man by J F Campbell d 12 Definitions EditThe Celtic Manx term glashtin is a masculine noun denoting a goblin a sprite according to Cregeen s dictionary 4 while Moore s Manx English dictionary gives hairy goblin which can also be applied figuratively to a big hulking boy 11 Kelly adds that the goblin emerges out of water 8 But according to Manx writer Joseph Train the glashtin is a water horse that formerly like the taroo ushtey left his native element to associate with land animals of the same class 5 This dual picture prompted A W Moore to comment that the glashan or glashtin is sometimes ascribed a hairy goblin s attributes like the fenodyree s and sometimes horse like attributes like the cabbyl ushtey s 13 Welsh scholar Rhys also concurred saying that his informants were at odds some of them regarding the glastyn as the Manx version of the brownie while others were adamant it was a sort of grey colt frequenting the banks of lakes at night 14 e Shapeshifter theory Edit The two conflicting accounts above can be reconciled by regarding the Manx glashtin as a shape shifter Recent literature embracing this notion claims that the equine glashtin assumes human form at times but betrays his identity when he fails to conceal his ears which are pointed like a horse s 16 One modern fairy tale relates how a fisherman s daughter living in Scarlett outwitted the foreign tongued dark and handsome stranger whom she recognized as glashtin by his horse s ears She knew she was in peril because according to lore the glashtin had the ill habit of transforming into a water horse and dragging women to sea 17 Reversed hooves EditAlthough the glashtin may assume a normal horse s guise it had hooves which were back to front writes Wiltshire native folklore author Ralph Whitlock writing in 1979 18 The reversed hooves has been ascribed to the Shetlandic njogel by James A Teit back in 1918 19 Folklore attestations EditAn early commentary on the glashtin occurs in Joseph Train s History 1845 5 f According to Train the glashtin is a sort of a water horse 5 while at the same time the fairy fiddler Hom Mooar was a glashtin as well 21 thus providing a dichotomous picture of the legendary creature Water horse Edit In one passage Train claims the glashtin to be a water horse and that this sea glashtin 22 would at one time emerge from his marine habitat mingling with the local land roving ponies and cross breed to produce foal 5 Train drew similarity to the Manx water bull see taroo ushtey below which also shared the trait of mingling with land livestock 5 In fact the water bull attempts to mate with domesticated cows as well only unsuccessfully according to George Waldron 1731 g h 24 The glashtin it was said ceased to appear after the islanders started cross breeding their native horses with breeds from the outside 5 Seducer of women Edit German mythographer Karl Blind noted that Manx glashtin or elashtan attacks lonely women as is the case with the Shetlandic nuggle and the Scottish kelpie 3 The creature was known to have great curiosity for women and pester them in rather picaresque manner and would grab hold and tear off pieces of women s attire Cutting the grabbed hem off dress motif Edit One anecdote concerns a glashan who caught a girl by getting a tight grip hold of her dress But while he slept she cut away the dress and escaped making him cast away the cloth uttering something in Manx unintelligible to Campbell 12 Charles Roeder records a similar tale of a woman who loosened her apron string to rid herself of the glashtin clung on her apron and he spoke these words Rumbyl rumbyl cha vel ayms agh yn sampyl The edge or skirt of the garment I have but the sample 25 i Sophia Morrison gives another version with this tale motif entitled The Buggane of the Glen Meay Waterfall 28 Rooster s crowing Edit In the aforementioned modern fairy tale on a stormy night in Scarlett the girl Kirree Quayle gave refuge to a dark handsome stranger but afterwards recognized him be a glashtin deducing from his horse ears She feared for herself knowing the creature was reputed to shape shift into a water horse and drag women to sea As her fisherman father was late she wished for dawn s break which would banish any non mortals She resisted his temptation of a strand of pearls dangled before her and when grabbed she let out a scream causing the red cockerel to crow prematurely announcing the break of dawn scaring the glashtin away 17 Fairy fiddler Edit Train also alleged that the renowned Hom Mooar which signifies Big Tom a name of a fairy fiddler 29 was a glashtin 30 He goes on to supply as an example a tale taken from Waldron describing a man was lured by invisible musicians to a strange banquet and obtained the silver cup that came to be used for the consecrated Wine in Kirk Merlugh Malew Church 31 32 even though Waldron never refers to the enchanted musicians as glashtin or Big Tom Helpful spirit Edit Manx lore concerning a helpful glashan was collected by Scottish folklorist J F Campbell from a woman living on the Calf of Man in the southern part of the Isle of Man The story telling woman described a creature or being which assisted her as farmhand performing the tasks of rounding up sheep from the fold or threshing stalks of corn left unbundled 12 j Similar or conflated mythical creatures EditTarroo ushtey Edit See also water bull tarbh uisge for Scottish analogues tarroo ushtey Manx pronunciation ˌtaru ˈuʃtʲe 33 Manx English pronunciation ˈtaru ˈuʃtthe Mx for water bull 34 35 The 18th century Manx local historian George Waldron records the superstition about the Water Bull an amphibious creature with every semblance of a natural bull but a cow mating with it calves only a misshapen lump of flesh and skin without bones and often dies giving birth Waldron also wrote that a neighbor detected a stray bull in his herd and suspecting it to be a Water Bull rounded up a group of men with pitchforks to give it chase 24 The beast however dove into a river and eluded them bobbing its head up in mockery 24 It was Train who later supplied the equivalent name in the Manx language and made similarity comparisons to the glashtin 36 John Nelson 1840 1910 37 a Manx informant well versed in local Gaelic lore argued that the water bull was supposed to be a goblin half cow and half horse and so it and the glashtin were one and the same 38 Cabyll ushtey Edit See also kelpie and each uisge for Scottish analogues cabyll ushtey k Manx pronunciation ˈkaːvel ˈuʃtʲe 40 ˈkabelˈuʃtʲe 41 Manx English pronunciation ˈkavel ˈuʃtthe Mx for water horse 39 Manx folklorist and historian Arthur William Moore was unable to avoid the dichotomy regarding the glashtin In one instance Moore represents the glashtin as a hairy goblin or sprite 42 but also says glashtin was another name for a water horse 42 or the cabbyl ushtey 43 l Moore says there was a sighting of the horse in 1859 at Ballure Glen and after being spotted people from nearby Ramsey flocked to see but no one caught sight of it The glen beneath the Glen Meay Waterfall near Peel see Morrison s tale above 28 was haunted by the ghost of a man who unwittingly rode on the horseback of the glashtin or cabbyl ushtey and was drowned at sea 45 46 m One tale recounts how a cabbyl ushtey emerged from the Awin Dhoo Black River and devoured a farmer s cow then later it took his teenaged daughter 47 Nevertheless recent literature makes the cabyll ushtey as being more benign than the Scottish Gaelic each uisge 48 See also EditGlaistig Kelpie Each uisce Water bull Ceffyl Dŵr Fenodyree Buggane Neck nykken Explanatory notes Edit Phoneticized as Glosh teen by one non scholarly apparently Wiccan source 10 The th being explained as the sound th as in thin on p xi it apparently signifies the 8 sound Alternatively pronounced ˈ ɡ l ae ʃ t ɪ n citation needed J F Campbell orally collected examples which were at least partly in Manx Gaelic Manks as he calls it but he confesses to not being able to make out various parts of it As such he does not provide a transcript of Manx Gaelic and only gives English summaries in his introduction to the book Hence the glashan here is presumably Manx English or transliteration into English Briggs subscribes to the notion that the almost extinct glashan is confused with the glashtin and the glashan is the spirit that is sometimes described as a kind of fenoderee 15 Train claimed he used as his source an MS Account of Manks Superstition which was a study on folklore he commissioned specifically for his work from an island native 20 The water bull s crossbred progeny always turning out to be non viable lumps of flesh as Dalyell has noted in 1835 citing Waldron 23 Waldron wrote of the water bull but did not mention the glashtin Manx rumbyl is glossed as skirt border 26 but seems to also mean a horse s posterior rump croup 27 Cf A similar account by Charles Roeder regarding the Glashtin which Rhys 1901 ascertains is about the fenodyree under the name of glashtyn Also known as Cabbyl ny hoie the night horse 39 Train only referred to the water horse in English 5 and later Moor applied the Manx name 43 Moore took both these stories Jenkinson s book published in 1874 whose source for the first sighting was a respectable farmer s wife from Ramsey who told Jenkinson about an occurrence reaching 15 years back References EditCitations eDIL s v glais glaise glas a stream streamlet rivulet current common in place names Kneen J J 1925 Parish of Kirk Lonan The Place Names of the Isle of Man with their Origin and History Douglas Yn Cheshaght Ghailckagh The Manx Society pp 241 s v Mullenbeg a b Blind Karl 1881 Scottish Shetlandic and Germanic Water Tales 1 The Contemporary Review 40 204 a b Cregeen 1835 s v Glashtin p 79 a b c d e f g h Train 1845 Ch VIII Sea Glashtin p 147 Moore 1891 p 52 Roeder 1897 Contribb to Mx Folk Lore p a b Kelly 1866 The Manx dictionary s v glashtyn quoted by Roeder 1897 and Rhys 1901 p 285 a goblin an imaginary animal which rises out of the water Lewin 2020 p 106 McCoy Edain 1994 A witch s guide to faery folk reclaiming our working relationship Saint Paul MN Llewellyn Worldwide p 232 ISBN 9780875427331 a b c Moore Morrison amp Goodwin 1924 Vocabulary Glashtin p 79 Glashan Glashtan Glashtin p 70 a b c Campbell J F 1860 Popular Tales of the West Highlands orally collected New edition vol 1 Paisley Alexander Gardener pp liii lv 1890 edition pp liii lv Moore 1895 p 230 Rhys 1901 p 286 a b Briggs 1977 Encyclopedia of Fairies s v Glastyn the or Glashtin pp 191 192 Mackillop 1998 in human form could not hide his horse s ears a b Broome Dora 1951 The Glashtin Fairy Tales from the Isle of Man Harmondsworth Penguin pp 48 53 Also cited by Briggs 15 Whitlock Ralph 1979 In Search of Lost Gods A Guide to British Folklore Phaidon p 46 ISBN 9780714820187 Teit J A April June 1918 Water Beings in Shetlandic Folk Lore as Remembered by Shetlanders in British Columbia The Journal of American Folklore American Folklore Society 31 120 183 doi 10 2307 534874 JSTOR 534874 Train 1845 p 147 n1 Train 1845 Ch VIII Mooar pp 154 155 Train 1845 p 142 gives the heading the Sea Glashtin Dalyell John Graham Sir 1835 Popular Tales of the West Highlands orally collected New edition vol 1 Glasgow Richard Griffin p 544 a b c Waldron George 1744 1731 The History and Description of the Isle of Man Viz Its Antiquity History Laws Customs Religion and Manners of Its Inhabitants 2 ed W Bickerton pp 84 86 Roeder 1897 in Yn Lior Manninagh Kelly Liorish Juan Y 1866 The Manx dictionary Focklayr Manninagh as Baarlagh Part 2 s v rumbyl s a skirt a border Kelly 1866 The Manx dictionary s v croup rump a b Morrison Sophia 1911 The Buggane of the Glen Meay Waterfall Manx Fairy Tales London D Nutt pp 8 13 Moore Morrison amp Goodwin 1924 Vocabulary s v Hom p 83 Bairn mooar bae r n mue r p 11 Train 1845 p 154 Waldron 1744 2nd ed pp 54 55 Also reprinted in Keightley Fairy Mythology p 399 The Fairy Banquet Lewin 2020 pp 170 73 Kneen J J 1931 A grammar of the Manx language p 46 Moore Morrison amp Goodwin 1924 Vocabulary Taroo p 183 ad Cabbyl ushtey p 27 Train 1845 Ch VIII Freaks of the Tarroo Ushtey of Lhanjaghyn pp 146 147 Anonymous 1910 Memorial Notices John Nelson Died Aug 8th 1910 Manx Quarterly 9 83 apud Miller Stephen August 2009 The Kind Cooperation of Many Local Friends Deemster J F Gill s Search for Manx Folk Singers 1895 1898 Folklore 120 2 181 doi 10 1080 00155870902969335 JSTOR 40646513 S2CID 162255501 Evans Wentz Walter Yeeling 1911 The Fairy faith in Celtic Countries Henry Frowde pp 130 131 ISBN 9781530177868 a b Moore Morrison amp Goodwin 1924 Vocabulary Cabbyl ushtey p 27 Draskau Jennifer 2008 Practical Manx p 223 ISBN 9781846311314 Lewin 2020 pp 74 73 a b Moore 1891 Folk lore p 52 they combine the attributes of Brownie and and Troll though the Glashtin seems to be a water horse also a b Moore 1891 p 53 1896 Manx ballads amp music Douglas G amp R Johnson p xxii Moore 1891 p 54 Identification with glashtin given at also given by Moore 1896 p xxii 44 Jenkinson Henry Irwin 1874 Jenkinson s practical guide to the Isle of Man London Edward Stanford pp 151 152 Gill W Walter 1929 A Manx Scrapbook Arrowsmith Ch 4 Mackillop 1998 cabyll ushtey The Manx each uisce or water horse Not as dangerous or greedy as its Highland counterpart appears in relatively few folk narratives It might seize cows and tear them stampede horses or steal children Folk motif B17 2 1 Hostile sea beasts BibliographyBriggs Katharine Mary 1977 An Encyclopedia of Fairies Hobgoblins Brownies Bogies and Other Supernatural Creatures New York Pantheon U S version of A Dictionary of Fairies London Penguin 1976 Cregeen Archibald 1835 A dictionary of the Manks language Douglas J Quiggin Kelly John Liorish Juan Y 1866 glashtyn Fockleyr Manninagh as Baarlagh The Manx dictionary Douglas Manx Society Lewin Christopher 2020 Aspects of the historical phonology of Manx Mackillop James 1998 Fenodyree Dictionary of Celtic Mythology Oxford University Press p 211 ISBN 0 19 280120 1 Moore Arthur William Morrison Sophia Goodwin Edmund 1924 A Vocabulary of the Anglo Manx Dialect Oxford University Press under Letter H Moore Arthur William 1891 Chapter IV Hobgoblins monsters giants mermaids apparitions amp c The Folk Lore of the Isle of Man Douglas Brown amp Son pp 52 January 1895 Further Notes on Manx Folklore The Antiquary London Elliot Stock XXXI 5 9 72 76 106 109 Rhys John 1901 IV Manx Folklore Celtic folklore Welsh and Manx vol 1 Oxford Clarendon Press pp 284 322 ISBN 9780384506107 Roeder C 1897 Contributions to the Folk Lore of the Isle of Man Yn Lior Manninagh Isle of Man Natural History and Antiquarian Society 3 4 pp 129 pp 134 191 Train Joseph 1845 Ch XVIII Popular Superstions An historical and statistical account of the Isle of Man vol 2 Douglas Mary A Quiggin pp 142 184External links EditIntroduction to Celtic studies Isle of Man George Broderick Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Glashtyn amp oldid 1127461652, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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