Geunchogo of Baekje, Chogo II of Baekje (324–375, r. 346–375) was the 13th king of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.[1] He reigned over the apex of Baekje's powers.
Geunchogo was the fourth son of the 11th king Biryu and became king upon the death of the 12th king Gye. His reign seems to have marked the permanent ascendancy of the descendants of the 5th king Chogo (reflected in Geunchogo's name) over those of the 8th king Goi, and ended the alternating kingship of the two lines.[2]
Strengthening royal powerEdit
Upon ascending the throne, he set out to solidify the royal power within the Baekje state. He reduced the power of the aristocracy and set up a system of local government with regional heads appointed by the court. He married a wife from the Jin clan, setting a precedent for his successors, and he moved the capital to Hansan, today's southeast Seoul.[1]
Territorial expansionEdit
Under Geunchogo, the kingdom reached its greatest geographic extent and political power. The remaining tribes of Mahan were annexed in 369, completing Baekje's control over all of present-day Jeolla-do. Gaya confederacy states west of the Nakdong River were also made Baekje dependencies.
In 366, Geunchogo allied with Silla, which bordered Baekje on the east, maintaining a rough balance of power among the Three Kingdoms.
At its greatest extent, Baekje control reached north into what is now China. The kingdom also established diplomatic relations with the early Jin China in 345 and Japan in 367.[3] According to both Korean and Chinese sources, the first diplomatic contact between Baekje and China took place in 372, when Geunchogo sent a mission to the court of Jin. In the same year, the Jin court sent a mission granting him the title of the "General Stabilizing the East and the Administrator-General of Lelang" (진동장군 영낙랑태수, 鎭東將軍領樂浪太守).
During his reign, Baekje activated and led the commercial trading among China, Korean Peninsula and Japan; known as the triangle trade. Traditionally the commerce was mostly dominated by Chinese emperors; however, after China lost control of Lelang, northern China came under the rule of Foreign People including Xiongnu, Xianbei and Qiang, all of whom were inexperienced at sea. Baekje established commanderies in the Liaoxi regions of China and advanced into Kyūshū of Japan, and rose as the new trading center of East Asia.[4]
Baekje also exported culture to Baekje's allies in the Wa kingdom of Yamato period Japan. The evidence of friendly relationship of Baekje with Japan is the Seven-Branched Sword which Geunchogo gave to the Yamato ruler. Geunchogo also sent scholars Wang In and Ajiki to Japan to spread knowledge of Baekje culture, Confucianism, and Chinese characters.[5] Then Wani taught Confucian classics to emperor's heir Ujinowakiiratuko.[6]
SeogiEdit
During his reign a history of Baekje titled Seogi (서기, 書記) was compiled by the scholar Go Heung (고흥, 高興). Its purpose was not only to record history, but also to justify his rule and to display the power of Baekje. No known copy of Seogi has survived to the modern era.
Samguk SagiEdit
"King Geunchogo was the fourth son of king Biryu. His body and countenance were unusually robust, and he possessed far-reaching knowledge. When King Gye died, he succeeded him."
347 AD, spring, first month. Sacrifices were made gods of heaven and earth. Bae Jin Jeong was made Minister of the Court: he was the queen's relative. His character was vicious and perverse, and he was not benevolent. He turned himself toward petty matters, and he relied on force to make his case. The people hated him.
366 AD, spring, third month. Messengers were dispatched to present gifts to Silla.
368 AD, spring, third month, first day of the month. There was a solar eclipse. Messengers were dispatched to Silla, sent with two good horses.
369 AD, autumn, ninth month. King Sayu of Goguryeo, at the head of 20,000 men on foot and horse, came to the village of Chiyang, and divided his forces to attack and sack the houses of the people. The king dispatched the crown prince with soldiers directly to Chiyang, and they quickly attacked and defeated them. They captured more than 5,000, and these prisoners were presented as gifts to the general and his warriors. Winter, 11th month. A great examination was made [of the troops] in the area south of the Han river. The flags used were all yellow.
371 AD, Goguryeo raised soldiers and came. The king heard this, and his men hid in the ditches and canals. Then they suddenly rushed out and attacked them. The soldiers of Goguryeo were defeated. Winter. The king and the crown prince led 30,000 spirited troops to attack Goguryeo at the fortress of Pyeongyang. The King of Goguryeo, Sayu, fought powerfully to repel them, but was hit by a stray arrow and died. Our king led his men to retreat, and we moved our capital to Mt. Hansan.
372 AD, spring, first month. Messengers were dispatched to the Jin court with tribute. Autumn, seventh month. There was an earthquake.
373 AD, spring, second month. Messengers were dispatched to the Jin court with tribute. Autumn, seventh month. A fortress was built at Mt. Cheongmok. The master of Doksan Fortress led 300 men and fled to Silla.
375 AD, autumn, seventh month. Goguryeo came and attacked the northern lowlands at the fortress of Sugok, and took it. The king dispatched men to repel the invasion, but they were not successful. The king also had a general raise a large army to revenge themselves, but that year there was a drought and so the plan did not succeed. Winter, 11th month. The king died. The Goki [Record of Ancient Matters] says, when Baekje was founded, they did not keep written records. However, in this period they go the services of the scholar Go Heung, and he first began writing history. However, Go Heung is not made clear in any other records, and so it is not known who he was.
Content in this article was copied from at the Shoki Wiki, which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 (Unported) (CC-BY-SA 3.0) license.
^ abIl-yeon: Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea, translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Book Two, page 120. Silk Pagoda (2006). ISBN1-59654-348-5
^Park, Hyun Sook, «백제의중앙과지방»(Central area and regions of Baekje), p. 71, Juryuseong, 2005, ISBN8987096513
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Geunchogo of Baekje news newspapers books scholar JSTOR August 2007 Learn how and when to remove this template message Geunchogo of Baekje Chogo II of Baekje 324 375 r 346 375 was the 13th king of Baekje one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea 1 He reigned over the apex of Baekje s powers Geunchogo of BaekjeHangul근초고왕Hanja近肖古王Revised RomanizationGeunchogo wangMcCune ReischauerKǔnch ogo wang Contents 1 Background 2 Strengthening royal power 3 Territorial expansion 4 Foreign relations 5 Seogi 6 Samguk Sagi 7 Family 8 Popular culture 9 See also 10 ReferencesBackground EditGeunchogo was the fourth son of the 11th king Biryu and became king upon the death of the 12th king Gye His reign seems to have marked the permanent ascendancy of the descendants of the 5th king Chogo reflected in Geunchogo s name over those of the 8th king Goi and ended the alternating kingship of the two lines 2 Strengthening royal power EditUpon ascending the throne he set out to solidify the royal power within the Baekje state He reduced the power of the aristocracy and set up a system of local government with regional heads appointed by the court He married a wife from the Jin clan setting a precedent for his successors and he moved the capital to Hansan today s southeast Seoul 1 Territorial expansion EditUnder Geunchogo the kingdom reached its greatest geographic extent and political power The remaining tribes of Mahan were annexed in 369 completing Baekje s control over all of present day Jeolla do Gaya confederacy states west of the Nakdong River were also made Baekje dependencies In 369 Baekje was invaded by Goguryeo but counterattacked in force at the Battle of Chiyang In 371 the Baekje army of 30 000 led by Crown Prince Geungusu took the fortress of Pyongyang and killed Gogugwon of Goguryeo At the end of these conquests Baekje ringed the Yellow Sea and controlled much of the Korean peninsula including all of Gyeonggi Chungcheong and Jeolla and parts of Gangwon and Hwanghae provinces Foreign relations EditIn 366 Geunchogo allied with Silla which bordered Baekje on the east maintaining a rough balance of power among the Three Kingdoms At its greatest extent Baekje control reached north into what is now China The kingdom also established diplomatic relations with the early Jin China in 345 and Japan in 367 3 According to both Korean and Chinese sources the first diplomatic contact between Baekje and China took place in 372 when Geunchogo sent a mission to the court of Jin In the same year the Jin court sent a mission granting him the title of the General Stabilizing the East and the Administrator General of Lelang 진동장군 영낙랑태수 鎭東將軍領樂浪太守 During his reign Baekje activated and led the commercial trading among China Korean Peninsula and Japan known as the triangle trade Traditionally the commerce was mostly dominated by Chinese emperors however after China lost control of Lelang northern China came under the rule of Foreign People including Xiongnu Xianbei and Qiang all of whom were inexperienced at sea Baekje established commanderies in the Liaoxi regions of China and advanced into Kyushu of Japan and rose as the new trading center of East Asia 4 Baekje also exported culture to Baekje s allies in the Wa kingdom of Yamato period Japan The evidence of friendly relationship of Baekje with Japan is the Seven Branched Sword which Geunchogo gave to the Yamato ruler Geunchogo also sent scholars Wang In and Ajiki to Japan to spread knowledge of Baekje culture Confucianism and Chinese characters 5 Then Wani taught Confucian classics to emperor s heir Ujinowakiiratuko 6 Seogi EditDuring his reign a history of Baekje titled Seogi 서기 書記 was compiled by the scholar Go Heung 고흥 高興 Its purpose was not only to record history but also to justify his rule and to display the power of Baekje No known copy of Seogi has survived to the modern era Samguk Sagi Edit King Geunchogo was the fourth son of king Biryu His body and countenance were unusually robust and he possessed far reaching knowledge When King Gye died he succeeded him 347 AD spring first month Sacrifices were made gods of heaven and earth Bae Jin Jeong was made Minister of the Court he was the queen s relative His character was vicious and perverse and he was not benevolent He turned himself toward petty matters and he relied on force to make his case The people hated him 366 AD spring third month Messengers were dispatched to present gifts to Silla 368 AD spring third month first day of the month There was a solar eclipse Messengers were dispatched to Silla sent with two good horses 369 AD autumn ninth month King Sayu of Goguryeo at the head of 20 000 men on foot and horse came to the village of Chiyang and divided his forces to attack and sack the houses of the people The king dispatched the crown prince with soldiers directly to Chiyang and they quickly attacked and defeated them They captured more than 5 000 and these prisoners were presented as gifts to the general and his warriors Winter 11th month A great examination was made of the troops in the area south of the Han river The flags used were all yellow 371 AD Goguryeo raised soldiers and came The king heard this and his men hid in the ditches and canals Then they suddenly rushed out and attacked them The soldiers of Goguryeo were defeated Winter The king and the crown prince led 30 000 spirited troops to attack Goguryeo at the fortress of Pyeongyang The King of Goguryeo Sayu fought powerfully to repel them but was hit by a stray arrow and died Our king led his men to retreat and we moved our capital to Mt Hansan 372 AD spring first month Messengers were dispatched to the Jin court with tribute Autumn seventh month There was an earthquake 373 AD spring second month Messengers were dispatched to the Jin court with tribute Autumn seventh month A fortress was built at Mt Cheongmok The master of Doksan Fortress led 300 men and fled to Silla 375 AD autumn seventh month Goguryeo came and attacked the northern lowlands at the fortress of Sugok and took it The king dispatched men to repel the invasion but they were not successful The king also had a general raise a large army to revenge themselves but that year there was a drought and so the plan did not succeed Winter 11th month The king died The Goki Record of Ancient Matters says when Baekje was founded they did not keep written records However in this period they go the services of the scholar Go Heung and he first began writing history However Go Heung is not made clear in any other records and so it is not known who he was Family EditFather Biryu of Baekje Mother Queen of the Jin clan 眞氏 Queen Queen of the Jin clan 眞氏 Son Buyeo Gusu 扶餘須 384 14th King of Baekje Geungusu of Baekje Son Buyeo Geun citation needed Daughter Buyeo Jin citation needed Popular culture EditPortrayed by Kam Woo sung in the 2010 2011 KBS1 TV series The King of Legend Portrayed by Jung Seung Kyo in the 2017 KBS TV series Chronicles of Korea See also EditList of monarchs of Korea History of KoreaReferences Edit nbsp Content in this article was copied from Samguk Sagi Scroll 23 at the Shoki Wiki which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3 0 Unported CC BY SA 3 0 license a b Il yeon Samguk Yusa Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea translated by Tae Hung Ha and Grafton K Mintz Book Two page 120 Silk Pagoda 2006 ISBN 1 59654 348 5 Park Hyun Sook 백제의중앙과지방 Central area and regions of Baekje p 71 Juryuseong 2005 ISBN 8987096513 What Was the Baekje Kingdom Shin Hyeong Shik A Brief History of Korea Book1 p 29 30 Ewha Womans University Christopher Seeley A History of Writing in Japan p 23 p 141 Susan M Allen Lin Zuzao The History and Cultural Heritage of Chinese Calligraphy Geunchogo of BaekjeHouse of BuyeoCadet branch of the House of Go Died 375Regnal titlesPreceded byGye King of Baekje346 375 Succeeded byGeungusu Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Geunchogo of Baekje amp oldid 1172820950, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
