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SSN (hull classification symbol)

February 02, 2023

An SSN is a nuclear-powered general-purpose attack submarine. SSN is the US Navy hull classification symbol for such vessels; the SS denotes sub surface not "submarine "submarine[1] and the N denotes nuclear power. The designation SSN is used for interoperability throughout NATO under STANAG 1166,[2] though navies use other terms.

History

The first nuclear-powered attack submarine was the US Navy's USS Nautilus, operational from 1954. This was followed by the four submarines of the Skate class entering service in 1957. The Royal Navy's first nuclear fleet submarine was HMS Dreadnought which by using an American reactor entered service in 1963. The first all-British nuclear submarines were the two Valiant-class submarines.

The USN submarine fleet has been all-nuclear powered for over two decades. The bulk of the USN's SSN fleet has been the Los Angeles-class attack submarine. Designed during the Cold War the Los Angeles-class boats' raison d'etre was to protect USN carrier battle groups and to hunt Soviet Navy SSBNs before they could launch a first strike against the United States.

The first ever major combat action involving an SSN was during the 1982 Falklands War. An Argentinian cruiser, ARA General Belgrano was sunk by torpedoes fired by the Royal Navy fleet submarine HMS Conqueror. After that incident, the Argentinian Navy was effectively confined to port.

Since the end of the Cold War, SSNs have evolved into multi-mission submarines. Their roles include submarine-launched cruise missile platforms, intelligence gathering platforms, insertion and exfiltration of special forces teams in addition to traditional hunter-killer SSN roles.

The advantages of an SSN over a conventionally powered SSK are much longer endurance (limited more by the crew than the boat, a nuclear submarine can stay submerged for months and does not need refueling in their 25-year lifespans), and higher speed. Unlike most SSKs, SSNs do not have to surface periodically for air, which would compromise their stealth. Some of the newest conventional submarines approach these advantages: Stirling engine powered vessels can cruise underwater for up to two weeks and, like diesel/electric vessels (and in theory LOX powered vessels), are significantly quieter than nuclear submarines, since they do not need to run the powerful (and noisy) pumps associated with the cooling circuits of pressurized water reactors.

The main disadvantages of an SSN are the technological challenges and expenses of building and maintaining a nuclear power plant. Nuclear submarines can have political downsides, as some countries refuse to accept nuclear-powered vessels as a matter of policy. Furthermore, decommissioned nuclear submarines require costly dismantling and long term storage of the radioactive waste.

The following navies currently operate SSNs:

Active and future SSN classes

  Royal Australian Navy
  • Australian Nuclear Attack Submarine - At least 8 planned[3]
  Brazilian Navy
  People's Liberation Army Navy of the People's Republic of China
  French Navy
  Indian Navy
  Russian Navy
  Royal Navy of the United Kingdom

Known as "fleet submarines" in the Royal Navy

  United States Navy

Retired SSN classes

  Indian Navy
  Royal Navy of the United Kingdom
  Soviet /   Russian Navy
  United States Navy

See also

References

  1. ^ In the Royal Navy, "SS" is an abbreviation for "Ship Submersible". Royal Navy website. Archived from the original on 2008-04-04. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
  2. ^ (PDF). NATO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2014.
  3. ^ "Nuclear-Powered Submarine Task Force | About | | Department of Defence".
  4. ^ "Brazil take first step in program to join nuclear-powered sub club". Reuters. 14 December 2018.
  5. ^ "Brazilian Navy - Marinha do Brasil - Modernization". GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  6. ^ "Launch prediction". Brazilian Navy (in Portuguese). Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  7. ^ "Type 095". www.deagel.com. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
  8. ^ "Chinese fast developing advanced submarines". www.taipeitimes.com. 6 December 2006. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
  9. ^ "Russia leases out Nerpa nuclear-powered attack submarine to India". India Today. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
  10. ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-04-21. Retrieved 2014-04-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^ "Navy's Only Nuclear Attack Submarine Returns To Russia Before Lease Expires".
  12. ^ "India Russia Nuclear deal: India, Russia to ink $3 billion nuclear submarine deal this week". m-economictimes-com.cdn.ampproject.org. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
  13. ^ "Move to fast-track two submarine projects gathers steam - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
  14. ^ "Government clears construction of 7 stealth frigates, 6 nuclear-powered attack submarines". timesofindia-economictimes. Retrieved 2016-02-19.
  15. ^ "India Russia Nuclear deal: India, Russia to ink $3 billion nuclear submarine deal this week". m-economictimes-com.cdn.ampproject.org. Retrieved 2019-05-17.
  16. ^ Diplomat, Franz-Stefan Gady, The. "Report: India, Russia Sign $3 Billion Nuclear Attack Submarine Deal". The Diplomat. Retrieved 2019-05-17.

February 02, 2023
hull, classification, symbol, nuclear, powered, general, purpose, attack, submarine, navy, hull, classification, symbol, such, vessels, denotes, surface, submarine, submarine, denotes, nuclear, power, designation, used, interoperability, throughout, nato, unde. An SSN is a nuclear powered general purpose attack submarine SSN is the US Navy hull classification symbol for such vessels the SS denotes sub surface not submarine submarine 1 and the N denotes nuclear power The designation SSN is used for interoperability throughout NATO under STANAG 1166 2 though navies use other terms USS New Hampshire SSN 778 a Virginia class submarine Contents 1 History 2 Active and future SSN classes 3 Retired SSN classes 4 See also 5 ReferencesHistory EditThe first nuclear powered attack submarine was the US Navy s USS Nautilus operational from 1954 This was followed by the four submarines of the Skate class entering service in 1957 The Royal Navy s first nuclear fleet submarine was HMS Dreadnought which by using an American reactor entered service in 1963 The first all British nuclear submarines were the two Valiant class submarines The USN submarine fleet has been all nuclear powered for over two decades The bulk of the USN s SSN fleet has been the Los Angeles class attack submarine Designed during the Cold War the Los Angeles class boats raison d etre was to protect USN carrier battle groups and to hunt Soviet Navy SSBNs before they could launch a first strike against the United States The first ever major combat action involving an SSN was during the 1982 Falklands War An Argentinian cruiser ARA General Belgrano was sunk by torpedoes fired by the Royal Navy fleet submarine HMS Conqueror After that incident the Argentinian Navy was effectively confined to port Since the end of the Cold War SSNs have evolved into multi mission submarines Their roles include submarine launched cruise missile platforms intelligence gathering platforms insertion and exfiltration of special forces teams in addition to traditional hunter killer SSN roles The advantages of an SSN over a conventionally powered SSK are much longer endurance limited more by the crew than the boat a nuclear submarine can stay submerged for months and does not need refueling in their 25 year lifespans and higher speed Unlike most SSKs SSNs do not have to surface periodically for air which would compromise their stealth Some of the newest conventional submarines approach these advantages Stirling engine powered vessels can cruise underwater for up to two weeks and like diesel electric vessels and in theory LOX powered vessels are significantly quieter than nuclear submarines since they do not need to run the powerful and noisy pumps associated with the cooling circuits of pressurized water reactors The main disadvantages of an SSN are the technological challenges and expenses of building and maintaining a nuclear power plant Nuclear submarines can have political downsides as some countries refuse to accept nuclear powered vessels as a matter of policy Furthermore decommissioned nuclear submarines require costly dismantling and long term storage of the radioactive waste The following navies currently operate SSNs People s Liberation Army Navy of China French Navy Indian Navy Russian Navy Royal Navy of the United Kingdom United States NavyActive and future SSN classes Edit Royal Australian NavyAustralian Nuclear Attack Submarine At least 8 planned 3 Brazilian NavyRiachuelo class submarine 1 under construction 4 5 6 People s Liberation Army Navy of the People s Republic of ChinaHan class submarine Type 091 3 in service 2 retired Type 093 submarine 6 in service Type 095 submarine 5 planned in total 7 8 French NavyRubis class submarine 5 in service 1 retired Barracuda class submarine 1 in service 6 planned in total Indian NavyAkula class submarine 1 was in service 9 10 but returned to Russia in June 2021 before end of lease 11 1 more submarine leased to be delivered by 2025 12 Project 75 Alpha 6 planned in total 13 14 Russian NavyVictor III class submarine 3 in service 45 retired Sierra II class submarine 2 in service Akula class submarine 10 in service 4 retired Yasen class submarine 1 in service 12 planned in total Royal Navy of the United KingdomKnown as fleet submarines in the Royal Navy HMS Astute an Astute class submarine Trafalgar class submarine 3 in service 4 retired Astute class submarine 4 in service 7 planned in total SSN R First design contract awarded United States NavyLos Angeles class submarine 30 in service 32 retired Seawolf class submarine 3 in service Virginia class submarine 19 in service 48 planned in total Ohio class submarine 19 in service Columbia class submarine plannedRetired SSN classes Edit Indian NavyINS Chakra leased Soviet Charlie class submarine commissioned between 1987 1991 15 16 Royal Navy of the United KingdomHMS Dreadnought the Royal Navy s first nuclear powered fleet submarine 1963 1980 Valiant class submarine 2 submarines in service 1966 1994 Churchill class submarine 3 submarines in service 1970 1992 Swiftsure class submarine 6 submarines 1973 2010 Soviet Russian NavyNovember class submarine 1958 1991 K 278 Komsomolets only member of the Mike class 1984 1989 sank after fire Alfa class submarine United States NavyUSS Nautilus SSN 571 unique USS Seawolf SSN 575 unique Skate class submarine 4 submarines in service 1957 1989 Skipjack class submarine 6 submarines in service 1959 1990 One lost 1968 USS Triton SSN 586 unique USS Halibut SSN 587 unique Permit class submarine 14 submarines in service 1961 1996 One lost 1963 USS Tullibee SSN 597 unique Sturgeon class submarine 37 submarines in service 1967 2004 USS Narwhal SSN 671 unique USS Glenard P Lipscomb SSN 685 unique See also EditNuclear submarine Ballistic missile submarine SSB SSBN Cruise missile submarine SSG SSGN List of submarine classes List of submarine classes of the Royal Navy List of Soviet and Russian submarine classes List of submarine classes of the United States NavyReferences Edit In the Royal Navy SS is an abbreviation for Ship Submersible Fleet Submarines SSN Royal Navy website Archived from the original on 2008 04 04 Retrieved 2008 04 07 NATO glossary of abbreviations used in NATO documents and publications AAP 11 PDF NATO Archived from the original PDF on 1 February 2014 Retrieved 1 February 2014 Nuclear Powered Submarine Task Force About Department of Defence Brazil take first step in program to join nuclear powered sub club Reuters 14 December 2018 Brazilian Navy Marinha do Brasil Modernization GlobalSecurity org Retrieved 7 May 2019 Launch prediction Brazilian Navy in Portuguese Retrieved 25 January 2022 Type 095 www deagel com Retrieved 2018 07 20 Chinese fast developing advanced submarines www taipeitimes com 6 December 2006 Retrieved 2018 07 20 Russia leases out Nerpa nuclear powered attack submarine to India India Today Retrieved 2018 07 20 Archived copy Archived from the original on 2014 04 21 Retrieved 2014 04 20 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Navy s Only Nuclear Attack Submarine Returns To Russia Before Lease Expires India Russia Nuclear deal India Russia to ink 3 billion nuclear submarine deal this week m economictimes com cdn ampproject org Retrieved 2019 05 17 Move to fast track two submarine projects gathers steam Times of India The Times of India Retrieved 2016 02 19 Government clears construction of 7 stealth frigates 6 nuclear powered attack submarines timesofindia economictimes Retrieved 2016 02 19 India Russia Nuclear deal India Russia to ink 3 billion nuclear submarine deal this week m economictimes com cdn ampproject org Retrieved 2019 05 17 Diplomat Franz Stefan Gady The Report India Russia Sign 3 Billion Nuclear Attack Submarine Deal The Diplomat Retrieved 2019 05 17 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title SSN hull classification symbol amp oldid 1135979864, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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