Elias Magnus FriesFRSFRSEFLS (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. He is sometimes called the "Linnaeus of Mycology".[1] In his works he described and assigned botanical names to hundreds of fungus and lichen species, many of which remain authoritative today.
He acquired an extensive knowledge of flowering plants from his father.[3] In 1811 Fries entered Lund University[3] where he studied under Carl Adolph Agardh and Anders Jahan Retzius.[4] He obtained his doctorate in 1814. In the same year he was appointed an associate professorship in botany. He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and in 1824, became a full professor. In 1834 he became Borgström professor[3] (Swed. Borgströmianska professuren, a chair endowed by Erik Eriksson Borgström, 1708–1770) in applied economics at Uppsala University. The position was changed to "professor of botany and applied economics" in 1851. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1849.[5] That year he was also appointed director of the Uppsala University Botanical Garden. In 1853, he became rector of the University.[6]
Fries most important works were the three-volume Systema mycologicum (1821–1832), Elenchus fungorum (1828), the two-volume Monographia hymenomycetum Sueciae (1857 and 1863) and Hymenomycetes Europaei (1874).[7]
Fries is considered to be, after Christian Hendrik Persoon, a founding father of the modern taxonomy of mushrooms. His taxonomy of mushrooms was influenced by Goethe and the German romantics. He utilized spore color and arrangement of the hymenophore (pores, gills, teeth etc.) as major taxonomic characteristics.[8][9] He was one of the most prolific authors of new fungal species, having formally described 3210 in his career.[10]
Fries died in Uppsala on 8 February 1878.[11] When he died, The Times commented: "His very numerous works, especially on fungi and lichens, give him a position as regards those groups of plants only comparable to that of Linnaeus."[12] Fries was succeeded in the Borgström professorship (from 1859 to 1876) by Johan Erhard Areschoug,[13] after whom Theodor Magnus Fries, the son of Elias, held the chair (from 1877 to 1899).[14]
Publicationsedit
Monographia Pyrenomycetum Sueciae (1816)
Systema Mycologicum (1821)
Systema Orbis Vegetabilis (1825)
Elenchus Fungorem (1828)
Lichenographia Europaea Reformata (1831)
Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici: seu synopsis hymenomycetum (1838)
His wife was Christina Wieslander (1808-1862), with whom he raised nine children. His son Theodor Magnus Fries became a botanist and lichenologist, eventually holding the Borgström professorship himself, and another son, Oscar Robert Fries, became a physician in Gothenburg while maintaining a keen interest in mycology.[16] Theodor "Thore" Magnus's sons Thore Christian Elias Fries and Robert Elias Fries also became botanists.[17]
Referencesedit
^Bevan, R.J. (1981). "Aspects of mycological history". Bulletin of the British Mycological Society. 15: 20–25. doi:10.1016/S0007-1528(81)80003-X.
^"Fries, Elias Magnus". Nordisk Familjebok (in Swedish). Vol. 8 (2 ed.). 1908. pp. 1393–1397. Retrieved 3 September 2010.
^Lücking, Robert (2020). "Three challenges to contemporaneous taxonomy from a licheno-mycological perspective". Megataxa. 1 (1): 78–103 [85]. doi:10.11646/megataxa.1.1.16.
^(PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
^The Times, Thursday, 21 February 1878; pg. 6; Issue 29184; col C
^Areschoug, John Erhard in Herman Hofberg, Frithiof Heurlin, Viktor Millqvist, Olof Rubenson, 1906, Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, pp 42-43. (In Swedish)
^Fries, Teodor (Thore) Magnus in Herman Hofberg, Frithiof Heurlin, Viktor Millqvist, Olof Rubenson, 1906, Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon, Albert Bonniers Förlag, Stockholm, pp 361-362. (In Swedish)
^Petersen, Ronald H.; Knudsen, Henning (2015). "The mycological legacy of Elias Magnus Fries". IMA Fungus. 6: 99–114. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.04.
^Anders Backlund (3 February 2006). . Uppsala University. Archived from the original on 9 December 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2008.
elias, magnus, fries, frse, august, 1794, february, 1878, swedish, mycologist, botanist, sometimes, called, linnaeus, mycology, works, described, assigned, botanical, names, hundreds, fungus, lichen, species, many, which, remain, authoritative, today, born, 17. Elias Magnus Fries FRS FRSE FLS 15 August 1794 8 February 1878 was a Swedish mycologist and botanist He is sometimes called the Linnaeus of Mycology 1 In his works he described and assigned botanical names to hundreds of fungus and lichen species many of which remain authoritative today Elias Magnus FriesBorn 1794 08 15 15 August 1794Femsjo Hylte Municipality Smaland SwedenDied8 February 1878 1878 02 08 aged 83 UppsalaAlma materLund UniversityKnown forFounder of modern fungal taxonomyAwardsForeign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and SciencesScientific careerFieldsMycology BotanyInstitutionsLund University 1814 1834 Uppsala University 1834 1878 Author abbrev botany Fr Elias Fries in old ageBuilding containing historical information on Elias Fries located in Femsjo Contents 1 Career 2 Publications 3 Botanical Reference 4 Family 5 References 6 External linksCareer editFries was born at Femsjo Hylte Municipality Smaland the son of the pastor there 2 He attended school in Vaxjo He acquired an extensive knowledge of flowering plants from his father 3 In 1811 Fries entered Lund University 3 where he studied under Carl Adolph Agardh and Anders Jahan Retzius 4 He obtained his doctorate in 1814 In the same year he was appointed an associate professorship in botany He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and in 1824 became a full professor In 1834 he became Borgstrom professor 3 Swed Borgstromianska professuren a chair endowed by Erik Eriksson Borgstrom 1708 1770 in applied economics at Uppsala University The position was changed to professor of botany and applied economics in 1851 He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1849 5 That year he was also appointed director of the Uppsala University Botanical Garden In 1853 he became rector of the University 6 Fries most important works were the three volume Systema mycologicum 1821 1832 Elenchus fungorum 1828 the two volume Monographia hymenomycetum Sueciae 1857 and 1863 and Hymenomycetes Europaei 1874 7 Fries is considered to be after Christian Hendrik Persoon a founding father of the modern taxonomy of mushrooms His taxonomy of mushrooms was influenced by Goethe and the German romantics He utilized spore color and arrangement of the hymenophore pores gills teeth etc as major taxonomic characteristics 8 9 He was one of the most prolific authors of new fungal species having formally described 3210 in his career 10 Fries died in Uppsala on 8 February 1878 11 When he died The Times commented His very numerous works especially on fungi and lichens give him a position as regards those groups of plants only comparable to that of Linnaeus 12 Fries was succeeded in the Borgstrom professorship from 1859 to 1876 by Johan Erhard Areschoug 13 after whom Theodor Magnus Fries the son of Elias held the chair from 1877 to 1899 14 Publications editMonographia Pyrenomycetum Sueciae 1816 Systema Mycologicum 1821 Systema Orbis Vegetabilis 1825 Elenchus Fungorem 1828 Lichenographia Europaea Reformata 1831 Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici seu synopsis hymenomycetum 1838 Botanical Reference editThe standard author abbreviation Fr is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name 15 Family editHis wife was Christina Wieslander 1808 1862 with whom he raised nine children His son Theodor Magnus Fries became a botanist and lichenologist eventually holding the Borgstrom professorship himself and another son Oscar Robert Fries became a physician in Gothenburg while maintaining a keen interest in mycology 16 Theodor Thore Magnus s sons Thore Christian Elias Fries and Robert Elias Fries also became botanists 17 References edit Bevan R J 1981 Aspects of mycological history Bulletin of the British Mycological Society 15 20 25 doi 10 1016 S0007 1528 81 80003 X Fries Elias Magnus Nordisk Familjebok in Swedish Vol 8 2 ed 1908 pp 1393 1397 Retrieved 3 September 2010 a b c Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Fries Elias Magnus Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 11 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 229 Elias Magnus Fries Nature 17 343 1878 doi 10 1038 017343a0 Book of Members 1780 2010 Chapter F PDF American Academy of Arts and Sciences Retrieved 15 September 2016 Rines George Edwin ed 1920 Fries Elias Magnus Encyclopedia Americana Gulden Gro Eckblad Finn Egil 2007 Elias Magnus Fries In Henriksen Petter ed Store norske leksikon in Norwegian Oslo Kunnskapsforlaget Retrieved 27 March 2009 Elias Magnus Fries 1794 1878 a brief biography First Nature Archived from the original on 16 June 2015 Elias Magnus Fries Encyclopedia com 18 May 2018 Lucking Robert 2020 Three challenges to contemporaneous taxonomy from a licheno mycological perspective Megataxa 1 1 78 103 85 doi 10 11646 megataxa 1 1 16 Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 2002 PDF The Royal Society of Edinburgh July 2006 ISBN 0 902 198 84 X Archived from the original PDF on 24 January 2013 Retrieved 14 June 2016 The Times Thursday 21 February 1878 pg 6 Issue 29184 col C Areschoug John Erhard in Herman Hofberg Frithiof Heurlin Viktor Millqvist Olof Rubenson 1906 Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon Albert Bonniers Forlag Stockholm pp 42 43 In Swedish Fries Teodor Thore Magnus in Herman Hofberg Frithiof Heurlin Viktor Millqvist Olof Rubenson 1906 Svenskt biografiskt handlexikon Albert Bonniers Forlag Stockholm pp 361 362 In Swedish International Plant Names Index Fr Petersen Ronald H Knudsen Henning 2015 The mycological legacy of Elias Magnus Fries IMA Fungus 6 99 114 doi 10 5598 imafungus 2015 06 01 04 Anders Backlund 3 February 2006 The Fries Family of Botanists Uppsala University Archived from the original on 9 December 2007 Retrieved 6 May 2008 External links editWorks by or about Elias Magnus Fries at Internet Archive Elias Magnus Fries Authors of fungal names Mushroom the Journal of Wild Mushrooming Web site of the Descendants of Elias Fries Association Fries Elias Magnus New International Encyclopedia 1906 Cultural officesPreceded byErik Gustaf Geijer Swedish Academy Seat No 141847 1878 Succeeded byCarl Rupert Nyblom Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Elias Magnus Fries amp oldid 1200654521, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
