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Eleocharis

January 26, 2023

Eleocharis is a virtually cosmopolitan genus of 250 or more species of flowering plants in the sedge family, Cyperaceae.[2] The name is derived from the Greek words ἕλειος (heleios), meaning "marsh dweller," and χάρις (charis), meaning "grace."[3] Members of the genus are known commonly as spikerushes or spikesedges. The genus has a geographically cosmopolitan distribution, with centers of diversity in the Amazon Rainforest and adjacent eastern slopes of the South American Andes, northern Australia, eastern North America, California, Southern Africa, and subtropical Asia. The vast majority of Eleocharis species grow in aquatic or mesic habitats from sea level to higher than 5,000 meters in elevation (in the tropical Andes).[4]

Eleocharis
Eleocharis calva
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Eleocharis
R.Br.[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • Heleocharis T.Lestib
  • Limnochloa P.Beauv. ex Lestib
  • Megadenus Raf.
  • Clavula Dumort.
  • Heliocharis Lindl.
  • Baeothryon Ehrh. ex A.Dietr.
  • Chaetocyperus Nees
  • Eleogenus Nees
  • Scirpidium Nees
  • Elaeocharis Brongn.
  • Websteria S.H.Wright
  • Chlorocharis Rikli
  • Chillania Roiv.
  • Chamaegyne Suess.
  • Helonema Suess.
  • Egleria L.T.Eiten

The genus itself is relatively easy to recognize; all Eleocharis species have photosynthetic stems but no green leaves (the leaves have been reduced to sheaths surrounding the base of the stems). Many species are robust, rhizomatously-spreading plants of lowland tropical wetlands, while many others are small caespitose annual or perennial herbs growing near streams, and still others are intermediate. There are also a number of species that are obligate aquatic species, which usually have submerged, branching stems and often exhibit interesting photosynthetic adaptations, such as the ability to switch between C3 and C4 carbon fixation in response to different environmental stimuli. In all Eleocharis species, the flowers are borne on unbranched terminal spikelets at the apices of stems.[5][6][7][8]

In spite of the diversity of the genus itself, taxonomic characters useful for delimiting species within it are few, and many species are very difficult to tell apart. Many currently recognized species with very wide geographic ranges are highly polymorphic. Some of these species probably contain multiple independently evolving lineages. Because of their difficult nature, it is suggested that many botanists avoid collecting these plants and so many species are under-represented in the botanical record.[citation needed]

One of the best known species is the Chinese water chestnut, Eleocharis dulcis. These plants bear tubers on their rhizomes which may be peeled and eaten raw or boiled. In Australia, magpie geese rely almost exclusively on these tubers for sustenance for a significant portion of the year.

Selected species

References

  1. ^ . Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2010-03-03. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved 2013-05-03.
  2. ^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ^ Smith, S. Galen; Bruhl, Jeremy J.; González-Elizondo, M. Socorro; Menapace, Francis J. "ELEOCHARIS R. Brown, Prodr. 224. 1810". Flora of North America. eFloras.org. Retrieved 2013-05-03.
  4. ^ Govaerts, R. & Simpson, D.A. (2007). World Checklist of Cyperaceae. Sedges: 1-765. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  5. ^ Flora of North America, Vol. 23 Page 4, 6, 7, 29, 60, Eleocharis R. Brown, Prodr. 224. 1810.
  6. ^ Flora of China, Vol. 23 Page 188, 荸荠属 bi qi shu, Eleocharis R. Brown, Prodr. 224. 1810.
  7. ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Eleocharis includes photos plus distribution maps for Europe and sometimes for North America
  8. ^ Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution maps for US and Canadian species
  9. ^ "Eleocharis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2013-05-03.
  10. ^ "GRIN Species Records of Eleocharis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2013-06-26. Retrieved 2013-05-03.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eleocharis.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Eleocharis.
  • USDA Plants Profile: North American Species
  • eFloras Profile
  • Baksh & Richards (2006) An architectural model for Eleocharis: morphology and development of Eleocharis cellulosa (Cyperaceae). Am J Botany 93:707-15.
  • Hairgrass 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine
  • Botany.com 2013-06-17 at the Wayback Machine
  • Rataj, Karel. 1977. Aquarium plants; hair grass. TFH 12/77.

January 26, 2023
eleocharis, virtually, cosmopolitan, genus, more, species, flowering, plants, sedge, family, cyperaceae, name, derived, from, greek, words, ἕλειος, heleios, meaning, marsh, dweller, χάρις, charis, meaning, grace, members, genus, known, commonly, spikerushes, s. Eleocharis is a virtually cosmopolitan genus of 250 or more species of flowering plants in the sedge family Cyperaceae 2 The name is derived from the Greek words ἕleios heleios meaning marsh dweller and xaris charis meaning grace 3 Members of the genus are known commonly as spikerushes or spikesedges The genus has a geographically cosmopolitan distribution with centers of diversity in the Amazon Rainforest and adjacent eastern slopes of the South American Andes northern Australia eastern North America California Southern Africa and subtropical Asia The vast majority of Eleocharis species grow in aquatic or mesic habitats from sea level to higher than 5 000 meters in elevation in the tropical Andes 4 EleocharisEleocharis calvaScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade MonocotsClade CommelinidsOrder PoalesFamily CyperaceaeGenus EleocharisR Br 1 Synonyms 2 Heleocharis T Lestib Limnochloa P Beauv ex Lestib Megadenus Raf Clavula Dumort Heliocharis Lindl Baeothryon Ehrh ex A Dietr Chaetocyperus Nees Eleogenus Nees Scirpidium Nees Elaeocharis Brongn Websteria S H Wright Chlorocharis Rikli Chillania Roiv Chamaegyne Suess Helonema Suess Egleria L T EitenThe genus itself is relatively easy to recognize all Eleocharis species have photosynthetic stems but no green leaves the leaves have been reduced to sheaths surrounding the base of the stems Many species are robust rhizomatously spreading plants of lowland tropical wetlands while many others are small caespitose annual or perennial herbs growing near streams and still others are intermediate There are also a number of species that are obligate aquatic species which usually have submerged branching stems and often exhibit interesting photosynthetic adaptations such as the ability to switch between C3 and C4 carbon fixation in response to different environmental stimuli In all Eleocharis species the flowers are borne on unbranched terminal spikelets at the apices of stems 5 6 7 8 In spite of the diversity of the genus itself taxonomic characters useful for delimiting species within it are few and many species are very difficult to tell apart Many currently recognized species with very wide geographic ranges are highly polymorphic Some of these species probably contain multiple independently evolving lineages Because of their difficult nature it is suggested that many botanists avoid collecting these plants and so many species are under represented in the botanical record citation needed One of the best known species is the Chinese water chestnut Eleocharis dulcis These plants bear tubers on their rhizomes which may be peeled and eaten raw or boiled In Australia magpie geese rely almost exclusively on these tubers for sustenance for a significant portion of the year Selected species EditEleocharis acicularis L Roem amp Schult needle spikerush dwarf hairgrass Eleocharis acuta R Br Eleocharis acutangula Roxb Schult Eleocharis afflata Steud Eleocharis atropurpurea Retz J Presl amp C Presl purple spikerush Eleocharis baldwinii Torr Chapm Eleocharis bella Piper Svenson beautiful spikerush Eleocharis bifida S G Smith glade spikerush Eleocharis bolanderi A Gray Bolander s spikerush Eleocharis brassii S T Blake Eleocharis brittonii Svenson ex Small Eleocharis caespitosissima Baker Eleocharis cellulosa Torr coastal spikerush Gulf Coast spikerush Eleocharis compressa Sull flatstem spikerush Eleocharis confervoides Poir Steud Eleocharis congesta D Don Eleocharis cylindrostachys Boeckler Eleocharis dietrichiana Boeckler Eleocharis dulcis Burm f Trin ex Hensch Chinese water chestnut Eleocharis elegans Kunth Roem amp Schult Eleocharis equisetoides Elliott Torr Eleocharis erythropoda Steud Red stemmed spikerush Eleocharis filiculmis Kunth Eleocharis geniculata L Roem amp Schult Canada spikesedge Eleocharis gracilis R Br Eleocharis halophila Fernald amp Brackett saltmarsh spikerush Eleocharis jacobsiana K L Wilson Eleocharis keigheryi K L Wilson Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi Eleocharis macrostachya Britton pale spikerush Eleocharis montana Kunth Roem amp Schult Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth sand spikerush Eleocharis mutata L Roem amp Schult scallion grass Eleocharis nitida Fernald neat spikerush Eleocharis nodulosa Schult Eleocharis obtusa Willd Schult blunt spikerush Eleocharis ochrostachys Steud Eleocharis pachycarpa Desv black sand spikerush Eleocharis pachystyla C Wright C B Clarke false junco Eleocharis pallens S T Blake pale spikerush Eleocharis palustris L Roem amp Schult common spikerush Eleocharis papillosa Latz Eleocharis parishii Britton Parish s spikerush Eleocharis parvula Roem amp Schult Link ex Bluff et al dwarf spikerush hairgrass Eleocharis pellucida J Presl amp C Presl Eleocharis philippinensis Svenson Eleocharis plana S T Blake Eleocharis pusilla R Br Eleocharis quadrangulata Michx Roem squarestem spikerush Eleocharis quinqueflora Hartmann O Schwarz fewflower spikerush Eleocharis radicans A Dietr Kunth rooted spikerush Eleocharis rivalis K L Wilson Eleocharis rostellata Torr Torr beaked spikerush Eleocharis sanguinolenta K L Wilson Eleocharis sellowiana Kunth Eleocharis sphacelata R Br tall spikerush Eleocharis spiralis Rottb Schult Eleocharis sundaica J Kern Eleocharis tenuis Willd Schult slender spikerush Eleocharis torticulmis S G Sm twist stem spikerush Eleocharis tortilis Link Schult twisted spikerush Eleocharis triquetra K L Wilson Eleocharis tuberculosa Michx Roem amp Schult Eleocharis uniglumis Link Link Schult 1824 Eleocharis vivipara Link umbrella hairgrass 9 10 References Edit Genus Eleocharis R Br Germplasm Resources Information Network United States Department of Agriculture 2010 03 03 Archived from the original on 2013 12 03 Retrieved 2013 05 03 a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Smith S Galen Bruhl Jeremy J Gonzalez Elizondo M Socorro Menapace Francis J ELEOCHARIS R Brown Prodr 224 1810 Flora of North America eFloras org Retrieved 2013 05 03 Govaerts R amp Simpson D A 2007 World Checklist of Cyperaceae Sedges 1 765 The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Flora of North America Vol 23 Page 4 6 7 29 60 Eleocharis R Brown Prodr 224 1810 Flora of China Vol 23 Page 188 荸荠属 bi qi shu Eleocharis R Brown Prodr 224 1810 Altervista Flora Italiana genere Eleocharis includes photos plus distribution maps for Europe and sometimes for North America Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps for US and Canadian species Eleocharis Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved 2013 05 03 GRIN Species Records of Eleocharis Germplasm Resources Information Network United States Department of Agriculture Archived from the original on 2013 06 26 Retrieved 2013 05 03 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eleocharis Wikispecies has information related to Eleocharis USDA Plants Profile North American Species eFloras Profile Baksh amp Richards 2006 An architectural model for Eleocharis morphology and development of Eleocharis cellulosa Cyperaceae Am J Botany 93 707 15 Hairgrass Archived 2014 02 22 at the Wayback Machine Botany com Archived 2013 06 17 at the Wayback Machine Rataj Karel 1977 Aquarium plants hair grass TFH 12 77 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eleocharis amp oldid 1123013253, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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