List of rulers of Bavaria

"Duke of Bavaria" redirects here. For the incumbent, see Franz, Duke of Bavaria.

The following is a list of rulers during the history of Bavaria. Bavaria was ruled by several dukes and kings, partitioned and reunited, under several dynasties. Since 1949, Bavaria has been a democratic state in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Smaller coat of arms of Bavaria

Rulers of Bavaria

Ducal Bavaria (also known as the "Old Stem duchy")

Agilolfing dynasty

Around 548 the kings of the Franks placed the border region of Bavaria under the administration of a duke—possibly Frankish or possibly chosen from amongst the local leading families—who was supposed to act as a regional governor for the Frankish king. The first duke we know of, and likely the first, was Gariwald, or Garibald I, a member of the powerful Agilolfing family. This was the beginning of a series of Agilolfing dukes that was to last until 788.

Name	Image	Title	Start term	End term	Part	Note
Garibald I		Duke of Bavaria	555 (c.)	591		Some sources call him "King of the Bavarians".^[1]
Tassilo I		Duke of Bavaria	591 (c.)	610		Named rex (king) at his ascension.
Garibald II		Duke of Bavaria	610 (c.)	630
Theodo		Duke of Bavaria	680 (c.)	716 (?)		By the time of Theodo, who died in 716 or 717, the Bavarian duchy had achieved complete independence from the Frankish kings. Theodo's sons divided the duchy, but by 719 the rule had returned to Grimoald.
Theodbert		Duke	702 (c.)	719	Salzburg	Son of Theodo.
Theobald		Duke	711 (c.)	719	Parts of Bavaria	Son of Theodo.
Tassilo II		Duke	716 (c.)	719	Passau	Son of Theodo.
Grimoald		Duke	716 (c.)	725	Freising	Son of Theodo, later ruling all of Bavaria.
Hugbert		Duke	725	737		Son of Theudbert. In 725(?), Charles Martel, ruler in fact though not in name of the Frankish realm, reasserted royal supremacy over Bavaria, defeating and killing Grimoald and annexing portions of Bavaria during the rule of Hugbert.
Odilo			737	748		Son of Gotfrid.
Grifo			748	748		Carolingian Usurper.
Tassilo III		Duke of Bavaria	748	788		In 757 Tassilo III recognized the suzerainty of the Frankish kings Pippin III and did homage to Charlemagne in 781, and again in 787, while pursued an independent policy. In 788, Charlemagne had Tassilo sentenced to death on a charge of treason. Tassilo, granted pardon, entered a monastery and formally renounced his duchy at Frankfurt am Main in 794.

Carolingian dynasty and dominion from the Holy Roman Empire

The kings (later emperors) of the Franks now assumed complete control, placing Bavaria under the rule of non-hereditary governors and civil servants. They were not dukes but rather kings of Bavaria. Emperor Louis the Pious divided control of the Empire among his sons, and the divisions became permanent in the decades following his death in 840. The Frankish rulers controlled Bavaria as part of their possessions.

Name	Image	Title	Start term	End term	Part	Note
Charlemagne		Emperor	788	814		Prefects of Bavaria: Gerold (794–799) and Audulf (799–818)
Louis the Pious		Emperor	814	826		In 814, Louis appointed his eldest son Lothair I as governor of Bavaria. In 817, Louis bestowed Bavaria upon his other son, Louis the German, who took charge of the province in 826, as King of Bavaria.
Louis the German		King of Bavaria	826	876		In 826, Louis started to rule as King of Bavaria, subordinate to his father, until the latter's death in 840. From 843, Bavaria was merged in Louis the German's Kingdom of East Francia. In 864, Louis the German gave control of Bavaria to his son Carloman, and died in 876. Louis' two younger sons, Louis and Charles—the latter of whom briefly recovered control of all the Frankish possessions—ruled Bavaria in succession after Carloman.
Carloman		King of Bavaria	876	880		Eldest son of Louis the German.
Louis the Younger		King of Bavaria	880	882		Son of Louis the German.
Charles the Fat		King of Bavaria	882	887		Youngest son of Louis the German. Carloman's bastard son, Arnulf of Carinthia, rebelled against Charles and took power in eastern Francia shortly before Charles' death.
Arnulf of Carinthia		King of Bavaria	887	899		Son of Carloman.
Louis the Child		King of Bavaria	899	911		Son of Arnulf of Carinthia.
Engeldeo		Margrave of Bavaria	890	895		Non-dynastic. Deprived of his title marchio Baioariorum and replaced by Luitpold.

Ducal Bavaria (also known as the "Younger Stem duchy")

Ruled by an array of dukes from an array of rivaling houses, individually appointed to office.

Luitpolding dynasty, 911–947

  Luitpolding dynasty

Luitpold, founder of the Luitpolding dynasty, was not a duke of Bavaria but a margrave of Carinthia under the rule of Louis the Child. Frankish power had waned in the region due to Hungarian attacks, allowing the local rulers greater independence. Luitpold's son, Arnulf, claimed the title of duke (implying full autonomy) in 911 and was recognized as such by King Henry the Fowler of Germany in 920.

German kings, 947–1070

  Ottonian dynasty   Salian dynasty

From 947 until the 11th century, the kings of Germany repeatedly transferred Bavaria into different hands (including their own), never allowing any one family to establish itself. Bavaria was ruled by a series of short-lasting, mostly unrelated dynasties.

Houses of Welf and Babenberg, 1070–1180

  Houses of Welf and Babenberg

In 1070, Emperor Henry IV deposed Duke Otto, granting the duchy instead to Welf I, a member of the Italo-Bavarian family of Este. Welf I subsequently quarreled with King Henry and was deprived of his duchy for nineteen years, during which it was directly administered by the German crown. Welf I recovered the duchy in 1096, and was succeeded by his sons Welf II and Henry IX—the latter was succeeded by his son Henry X, who also became Duke of Saxony.

Name	Image	Title	Start term	End term	House	Part	Note
Luitpold		Margrave of Bavaria	895	907	Luitpolding
Arnulf the Bad		Duke of Bavaria	907	920	Luitpolding		Son of Luitpold. Arnulf the Bad claimed the title of duke—implying full autonomy—in 911, and was recognized as such by King Henry the Fowler in 920.
Eberhard		Duke of Bavaria	937	938	Luitpolding
Berthold		Duke of Bavaria	938	947	Luitpolding		Younger son of Luitpold. The German King Otto I reasserted central authority, banishing Arnulf's son Eberhard and re-granting the title to Berthold, a younger son of Luitpold.
Henry I		Duke of Bavaria	947	955	Ottonian		Son of Henry the Fowler. On Berthold's death, Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, gave the duchy to his own brother Henry (I), who was also Arnulf the Bad's son-in-law.
Henry II the Quarrelsome		Duke of Bavaria	955	976	Ottonian		Henry II made war upon his cousin, Emperor Otto II, and was deprived of his duchy in 976 in favor of his cousin Otto, Duke of Swabia (who now acquired two dukedoms).
Otto I		Duke of Bavaria	976	982	Ottonian
Henry III the Younger		Duke of Bavaria	983	985	Luitpolding		Bavaria was given to Berthold's son Henry III, briefly restoring the Luitpolding dynasty. Henry III exchanged Bavaria for Carinthia, and Henry II received Bavaria again.
Henry II the Quarrelsome		Duke of Bavaria	985	995	Ottonian		Restored
Henry IV		Duke of Bavaria	995	1004	Ottonian		Son of Henry II the Quarrelsome. Henry IV was elected as Holy Roman Emperor Henry II, who gave Bavaria to his brother-in-law Henry V, Count of Luxemburg in 1004.
Henry V		Duke of Bavaria	1004	1009	Luxemburg		Son of Siegfried of Luxembourg.
Henry IV		Duke of Bavaria	1009	1017	Ottonian		Henry IV reasserted direct control.
Henry V		Duke of Bavaria	1017	1026	Luxemburg		Son of Siegfried of Luxembourg. Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Germany, gave Bavaria to his son Henry VI after the death of Henry V in 1026.
Henry VI the Black		Duke of Bavaria	1026	1042	Salian		Son of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor. Later Henry was elected as Holy Roman Emperor Henry III, and became King of Germany in 1039.
Henry VII		Duke of Bavaria	1042	1047	Luxemburg		Son of Frederick of Luxembourg. In 1042, Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, granted the duchy to Henry VII, Count of Luxemburg, nephew of Henry V.
Conrad I (Kuno)		Duke of Bavaria	1049	1053	Ezzonen		Son of Liudolf of Lotharingia. After Henry VII's death, the dukedom was vacant for a couple of years. Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, then gave the duchy to Kuno, Count of Zütphen, in 1049. Kuno was deposed in 1053.
Henry VIII		Duke of Bavaria	1053	1054	Salian		Son of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor. During his reign in Bavaria Henry VIII was a minor (born 1050). In 1056 he became King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor as Henry IV in 1084.
Conrad II		Duke of Bavaria	1054	1055	Salian		(minor, born 1052, died 1055) Son of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry VIII		Duke of Bavaria	1055	1061	Salian		(minor: born 1050) Son of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor. Henry VIII became King of Germany (1056) and Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor in 1084.
Otto II		Duke of Bavaria	1061	1070	Nordheim		In 1061 Empress Agnes—the 11-year-old King Henry IV's mother and regent—entrusted the duchy to Otto of Nordheim.
Welf I		Duke of Bavaria	1070	1077	Welf		Welf I subsequently quarreled with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and was deprived of his duchy for nineteen years, during which it was directly administered by the German crown.
Henry VIII		Duke of Bavaria	1077	1096	Salian		(minor: born 1050) Son of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor. Henry VIII became King of Germany (1056) and Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor in 1084.
Welf I		Duke of Bavaria	1096	1101	Welf		Welf I recovered the duchy in 1096.
Welf II		Duke of Bavaria	1101	1120	Welf		Son of Welf I
Henry IX the Black		Duke of Bavaria	1120	1126	Welf		Son of Welf I. Abdicated.
Henry X the Proud		Duke of Bavaria	1126	1138	Welf		Son of Henry IX the Black. In a power struggle with King Conrad III of Germany, Henry X lost his duchy to the King, who granted it to his follower Leopold Margrave of Austria.
Leopold I		Duke of Bavaria	1139	1141	Babenberg		When Leopold died, Conrad III of Germany resumed the duchy and granted it to Leopold's brother Henry XI.
Henry XI Jasomirgott		Duke of Bavaria	1143	1156	Babenberg		Brother of Leopold.
Henry XII the Lion		Duke of Bavaria	1156	1180	Welf		When Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, became king of Germany, he restored Bavaria to the Welf line in the person of Henry X's son, Henry XII the Lion, Duke of Saxony.

Ducal and Electoral Bavaria (Hereditary dukes)

Further information: Duchy of Bavaria and Electorate of Bavaria

 

Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bavaria

In 1180, Henry XII the Lion and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, fell out. The emperor consequently dispossessed the duke and gave his territory to Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach. From now on, Bavaria remained in the possession of various branches of the family for 738 years until the end of the First World War.

First partition, 1253–1340

In 1253, on Otto II's death, Bavaria was divided between his sons. Henry became Duke of Lower Bavaria and Louis of Upper Bavaria. From this point until the beginning of the 16th century, the territories were frequently divided between brothers, making the Dukes difficult to list.

In Lower Bavaria, Henry XIII was succeeded by his three sons, Otto III, Louis III, and Stephen I ruling jointly. Otto III's successor in the joint dukedom was his son Henry XV. Stephen's successors were his sons Otto IV and Henry XIV. Henry XIV's son was John I.

In Upper Bavaria, Louis II was succeeded by his sons Rudolf I and Louis IV. The latter was elected King of Germany in 1314. After John I's death in 1340, Louis IV unified the Bavarian duchy.

The dukes of Upper Bavaria served also as Counts Palatinate of the Rhine. In 1329 Louis IV released the Palatinate of the Rhine including the Bavarian Upper Palatinate to the sons of Rudolf I. The Upper Palatinate would be reunited with Bavaria in 1623, the Lower Palatinate in 1777.

Second partition 1349–1503

From 1349 until 1503 the second partition of Bavaria took place. In 1349, the six sons of Louis IV partitioned Bavaria into Upper and Lower Bavaria again. In 1353, Lower Bavaria was partitioned into Bavaria-Landshut and Bavaria-Straubing. Upper Bavaria was partitioned between Bavaria-Straubing and Bavaria-Landshut in 1363. After the death of Stephan II in 1392, Bavaria-Landshut was broken into three duchies, John II gained Bavaria-Munich, Frederick, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut received a smaller Bavaria-Landshut, and in Bavaria-Ingolstadt ruled Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria.

Following the Landshut War (1503–1505), the Duke of Bavaria-Munich Albert IV the Wise became ruler of Bavaria. In 1506 Albert decreed that the duchy should pass according to the rules of primogeniture.

In 1623 Maximilian I was granted the title Prince-elector (German: Kurfürst) of the Rhenish Palatinate.

House of Wittelsbach

Partitions of Bavaria under Wittelsbach rule

Duchy of Bavaria (1180–1253)
Lower Bavaria (1st creation) (1253–1340)					Upper Bavaria (1st creation) (1253–1340)
Duchy of Bavaria (Upper line) (1340–1349)
Lower Bavaria (2nd creation) (1349–1353)					Upper Bavaria (2nd creation) (1349–1363) (divided among the other duchies)
Landshut (1353–1503)
				Straubing (1353–1432) (divided among the other duchies)
Munich (1392–1503)		Ingolstadt (1392–1445)
Dachau (1467–1501)
Leuchtenberg (1646-1705)	Duchy of Bavaria (Munich line) (1503–1623) Raised to: Electorate of Bavaria (1623-1806)

Table of rulers

(Note: Here the numbering of the dukes is the same for all duchies, as all were titled Dukes of Bavaria, despite of the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers. The dukes are numbered by the year of their succession.)

Ruler		Born	Reign	Death	Ruling part	Consort	Notes
Otto III the Redhead		1117	1180–1183	11 July 1183	Bavaria	Agnes of Loon 1169 eleven children	In 1180 Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor gave Bavaria to Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach.
Regency of Agnes of Loon (1183-1189)							Son of Otto III. Louis obtained the Palatinate of the Rhine in 1214. So Louis I served also as Count Palatine of the Rhine. He was assassinated 1231.
Louis I the Kelheimer		23 December 1173	1183–1231	15 September 1231	Bavaria	Ludmilla of Bohemia 1204 one child
Otto IV the Illustrious		7 April 1206	1231–1253	29 November 1253	Bavaria	Agnes of the Palatinate 1222 Worms eleven children	Otto IV served also as Count Palatine of the Rhine. On Otto IV's death, Bavaria was divided between his sons. Henry became duke of Lower Bavaria, and Louis of Upper Bavaria. From this point until the beginning of the 16th century, the territories were frequently divided between brothers.
Henry XIII		19 November 1235	1253–1290	3 February 1290	Lower Bavaria	Elizabeth of Hungary 1250 ten children	Son of Otto IV. After the partition of 1253, received Lower Bavaria.
Louis II the Strict		13 April 1229	1253–1294	2 February 1294	Upper Bavaria	Maria of Brabant 2 August 1254 (executed) no children Anna of Głogów 1260 two children Matilda of Austria 24 October 1273 four children	Son of Otto IV. After the partition of 1253, received Upper Bavaria.
Otto V		11 February 1261	1290–1312	9 November 1312	Lower Bavaria	Catherine of Austria January 1279 two children Anna of Głogów 18 May 1309 two children	Sons of Henry XIII, ruled jointly. In 1305 Otto became also King of Hungary and Croatia, as grandson of Béla IV of Hungary.
Louis III		9 October 1269	1290–1296	9 October 1296	Lower Bavaria	Isabella of Lorraine 1287 no children
Stephen I		14 March 1271	1290–1310	10 December 1310	Lower Bavaria	Judith of Świdnica-Jawor 1299 eight children
Regency of Matilda of Austria (1294-1296)							Sons of Louis II, ruled jointly. In 1317 Rudolph abdicated of his rights to his brother, who in 1328 was elected Holy Roman Emperor. louis had already been elected King of Germany in 1314. In the Treaty of Pavia (1329) Louis IV released the Palatinate of the Rhine passing the Bavarian Upper Palatinate to the sons of Rudolf I. After John I the Child's death in 1340, Louis IV unified the Bavarian duchy.
Rudolph I the Stammerer		4 October 1274	1294–1317	12 August 1319	Upper Bavaria	Matilda of Nassau 1 September 1294 Nuremberg six children
Louis IV the Bavarian		5 April 1282	1294–1340	11 October 1347	Upper Bavaria	Beatrice of Świdnica-Jawor 14 October 1308 six children Margaret II, Countess of Holland-Hainaut 26 February 1324 Cologne ten children
			1340–1347		Bavaria
Regency of Louis IV, Duke of Bavaria (1312-19)							Sons of Stephen I (Henry XIV and Otto VI) and Otto V (Henry XV), ruled jointly.
Henry XIV the Elder		29 September 1305	1312–1339	1 September 1339	Lower Bavaria	Margaret of Bohemia 12 August 1328 two children
Otto VI		3 January 1307	1312–1334	14 December 1334	Lower Bavaria	Richardis of Jülich 1330 one child
Henry XV the Natternberger		28 August 1312	1312–1333	18 June 1333	Lower Bavaria	Anna of Austria between 1326 and 1328 no children
Regency of Louis IV, Duke of Bavaria (1339-40)							Left no male heirs, which allowed his cousin (and brother-in-law) Louis to reunite the Bavarian lands.
John I the Child		29 November 1329	1339–1340	20 December 1340	Lower Bavaria	Anna of Upper Bavaria 18 April 1339 Munich no children
Louis V the Brandenburger		May 1315	1347–1349	18 September 1361	Bavaria	Margaret of Denmark 1324 no children Margaret, Countess of Tyrol 10 February 1342 Meran four children	The six sons of Louis IV, ruled jointly until 1349, when they divided the land: Louis V, Louis VI and Otto VII kept Upper Bavaria; William, Albert and Stephen Lower Bavaria. In 1351 Louis VI and Otto gave up their inheritance in Bavaria, in exchange of the Electoral dignity in Brandenburg. Having lost the Electorate of Brandenburg in 1373, Otto returned to Bavaria to claim new inheritance, and shared the part of Stephen II's sons (his nephews) in Landshut. In Lower Bavaria, the three brothers divided the land again in 1353: Stephen kept Landshut, William and Albert shared Straubing, and from 1389 the two shared Straubing also with Albert I's son, Albert II.
			1349–1361		Upper Bavaria
Louis VI the Roman		7 May 1328	1347–1349	17 May 1365	Bavaria	Cunigunde of Poland before 1349 no children Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1360 no children
			1349–1351		Upper Bavaria
Otto VII the Lazy		1340/42	1347–1349	15 November 1379	Bavaria	Catherine of Bohemia 19 March 1366 no children
			1349–1351		Upper Bavaria
			1375–1379		Bavaria-Landshut
Stephen II the Representative		1319	1347–1349	13 May 1375	Bavaria	Elisabeth of Sicily 27 June 1328 four children Margaret of Nuremberg 14 February 1359 three children
			1349–1353		Lower Bavaria
			1353–1375		Bavaria-Landshut
William I the Mad		12 May 1330	1347–1349	15 April 1389	Bavaria	Matilda of England 1352 London no children
			1349–1353		Lower Bavaria
			1353–1389		Bavaria-Straubing
Albert I		25 July 1336	1347–1349	13 December 1404	Bavaria	Margaret of Brzeg after 19 July 1353 Passau seven children Margaret of Clèves 1394 Heusden no children
			1349–1353		Lower Bavaria
			1353–1404		Bavaria-Straubing
Albert II		1368	1389–1397	21 January 1397	Bavaria-Straubing	Unmarried
Meinhard I		9 February 1344	1361–1363	13 January 1363	Upper Bavaria	Margaret of Austria 4 September 1359 Passau no children	Left no male descendants. After his death Upper Bavaria was divided between Bavaria-Landshut and Bavaria-Straubing.
Definitively annexed by Bavaria-Landshut (1/2) and Bavaria-Straubing (1/2)
Frederick I the Wise		1339	1375–1393	4 December 1393	Bavaria-Landshut	Anna of Neuffen 1360 one child Maddalena Visconti 2 September 1381 five children	Ruled jointly. Shared rule, until 1379, with their uncle Otto VII. In 1392 the brothers divided the land once more. Frederick retained Landshut, Stephen kept Ingolstadt and John received Munich.
Stephen III the Magnificent		1337	1375–1392	26 September 1413	Bavaria-Landshut	Taddea Visconti 13 October 1364 two children Anna of Neuffen 16 January 1401 Cologne no children
			1392–1413		Bavaria-Ingolstadt
John II		1341	1375–1392	14 June/1 July 1397	Bavaria-Landshut	Catherine of Gorizia 1372 three children
			1392–1397		Bavaria-Munich
Regencies of Maddalena Visconti and Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria (1393-1401), John II, Duke of Bavaria (1393-97), Ernest, Duke of Bavaria and William III, Duke of Bavaria (1397-1401)							Annexed Ingolstadt in 1445.
Henry XVI the Rich		1386	1393–1450	30 July 1450	Bavaria-Landshut	Margaret of Austria 25 November 1412 Landshut six children
Ernest		1373	1397–1438	14 June/1 July 1397	Bavaria-Munich	Elisabetta Visconti 26 January 1395 Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm four children	Ruled jointly.
William III		1375	1397–1435	12 September 1435	Bavaria-Munich	Margaret of Cleves 1433 two children
William II		5 April 1365	1404–1417	31 May 1417	Bavaria-Straubing	Margaret of Burgundy 12 April 1385 Cambrai one child	Eldest son of Albert I.
Louis VII the Bearded		1368	1413–1443	1 May 1447	Bavaria-Ingolstadt	Anne de Bourbon-La Marche 1 October 1402 two children Catherine of Alençon 1413 two children	Imprisoned by his son, who was allied with Henry XVI. Died in prison.
John III the Pitiless		1374	1417–1425	6 January 1425	Bavaria-Straubing	Elizabeth I, Duchess of Luxembourg 11418 no children	Son of Albert I. Contested Jacqueline, the heiress of the Wittelsbach possessions in the Low Countries, until his death.
Definitively annexed by the remaining Bavarian duchies
Albert III		27 March 1401	1438–1460	29 February 1460	Bavaria-Munich	Agnes Bernauer c. 1432? (morganatic) no children Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen 22 January 1437 Munich ten children	Son of Ernest.
Louis VIII the Hunchback		1 September 1403	1443–1445	7 April 1445	Bavaria-Ingolstadt	Unmarried	After his death Ingolstadt was annexed by Landshut.
Definitively annexed by Bavaria-Landshut
Louis IX the Rich		23 February 1417	1450–1479	18 January 1479	Bavaria-Landshut	Amalia of Saxony 21 March 1452 Landshut four children
John IV		4 October 1437	1460–1463	18 November 1463	Bavaria-Munich	Unmarried	Son of Albert III, ruled jointly with his brothers Sigismund and Albert IV.
Sigismund		26 July 1439	1460–1467	1 February 1501	Bavaria-Munich	Unmarried	In 1467, Sigismund created a smaller duchy with its center in Dachau, but left no descendants, and this duchy was merged again in Bavaria-Munich after his death.
			1467–1501		Bavaria-Dachau
Definitively annexed by Bavaria-Munich
George I the Rich		15 August 1455	1479–1503	1 December 1503	Bavaria-Landshut	Hedwig of Poland 14 November 1475 Landshut five children	Left no male descendants at his death. His duchy was annexed to Bavaria-Munich, which reunited the Bavarian duchy.
Albert IV the Wise		15 December 1447	1460–1503	18 March 1508	Bavaria-Munich	Kunigunde of Austria 3 January 1487 Munich seven children	Co-ruled with his brothers John IV and Sigismund. Reunited the duchy in 1503. In 1506 Albert decreed that the duchy should pass according to the rules of primogeniture.
			1503–1508		Duchy of Bavaria
William IV the Steadfast		13 November 1493	1508–1550	7 March 1550	Duchy of Bavaria	Jakobaea of Baden 5 October 1522 Munich four children	Sons of Albert IV, the last Bavarian pair of brothers ruling together.
Louis X		18 September 1495	1516–1545	22 April 1545	Duchy of Bavaria	Unmarried
Albert V the Magnanimous		29 February 1528	1550–1579	24 October 1579	Duchy of Bavaria	Anna of Austria 4 July 1546 Regensburg seven children
William V the Pious		29 September 1548	1579–1597	7 February 1626	Duchy of Bavaria	Renata of Lorraine 22 February 1568 Munich ten children
Maximilian I the Great		17 April 1573	1597–1651	27 September 1651	Duchy of Bavaria (until 1623) Electorate of Bavaria (from 1623)	Elisabeth of Lorraine 9 February 1595 Nancy no children Maria Anna of Austria 15 July 1635 Vienna two children	Children of William V. Maximilian I, was an ally of Emperor Ferdinand II in the Thirty Years' War. When the Elector of the Palatinate, Frederick V, head of a senior branch of the Wittelsbachs, became involved in the war against the Emperor, he was stripped of his Imperial offices and the Prince-elector title. Maximilian I was granted the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1623. Albert VI inherited from his wife the lands of Leuchtenberg, and from 1646 reorganizes them as a new Bavarian duchy, the short-lived Duchy of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg.
Albert VI		26 February 1584	1646-1666	5 July 1666	Duchy of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg	Mechtild of Leuchtenberg (24 October 1588 – 1 June 1634) 8 December 1650 five children
Regency of Albert VI, Duke of Bavaria (1651-1654)							Son of Maximilian I.
Ferdinand Maria		31 October 1636	1651-1679	26 May 1679	Electorate of Bavaria	Henriette Adelaide of Savoy 8 December 1650 eight children
Maximilian Philip Hieronymus		30 September 1638	1666-1705	20 March 1705	Duchy of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg	Mauricienne Fébronie de La Tour d’Auvergne (1652-1706) 1668 Château-Thierry no children	Son of Maximilian I, inherited his uncle Albert VI's possessions. His childless death led to the union of the Bavarian Leuchtenberg lands and the Electorate.
Annexed to the Electorate of Bavaria
Regency of Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus, Duke of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg (1679-1680)							Took part in the War of the Spanish Succession on the side of France, against Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. He was accordingly forced to flee Bavaria following the Battle of Blenheim and deprived of his Electorate on 29 April 1706. He regained his Electorate in 1714 by the Peace of Baden and ruled until 1726.
Maximilian II Emanuel		11 July 1662	1679-1726	26 February 1726	Electorate of Bavaria	Maria Antonia of Austria 15 July 1685 Vienna three children Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska 15 August 1694 Warsaw (by proxy) ten children
Charles Albert		6 August 1697	1726-1745	20 January 1745	Electorate of Bavaria	Maria Amalia of Austria 5 October 1722 Vienna seven children	Took on the House of Habsburg in the War of the Austrian Succession, again in combination with France, succeeding so far as to be elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1742 (as Charles VII). However, the Austrians occupied Bavaria (1742–1744), and the Emperor died shortly after returning to Munich.
Maximilian III Joseph the Beloved		28 March 1727	20 January 1745	30 December 1777	Electorate of Bavaria	Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony 9 July 1747 no children	As he had no children, was the last of the direct Bavarian Wittelsbach line descended from Louis IV. He was succeeded by the Elector of the Palatinate, Charles Theodore, who thereby regained their old titles for the senior Wittelsbach line—descended from Louis IV's older brother Rudolf I.
Charles Theodore		11 December 1724	1777-1799	16 February 1799	Electorate of Bavaria (merged with Electoral Palatinate)	Elisabeth Augusta of Palatinate-Sulzbach 17 January 1742 Mannheim one child Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este 15 February 1795 Hofburg, Innsbruck no children	Son of John Christian, Count Palatine of Sulzbach and Marie Anne Henriëtte Leopoldine de La Tour d'Auvergne. Distant cousin of Maximilian III; Elector Palatine from 1743. Charles Theodore was also childless, and was succeeded by a distant cousin, the Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Maximilian IV Joseph—later King Maximilian I.
Maximilian IV Joseph		27 May 1756	1799-1806	6 August 1806	Electorate of Bavaria (merged with Electoral Palatinate)	Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt 30 September 1785 Darmstadt five children Caroline of Baden 9 March 1797 Karlsruhe eight children	Son of Count Palatine Frederick Michael of Zweibrücken. Distant cousin of Charles Theodore; Count Palatine of Zweibrücken from 1795. In the chaos of the wars of the French Revolution, the old order of the Holy Roman Empire collapsed. In the course of these events, Bavaria became once again the ally of France, and Maximilian IV Joseph became King Maximilian I of Bavaria—whilst remaining Prince-Elector and Arch-steward of the Holy Roman Empire until 6 August 1806, when the Holy Roman Empire was abolished.

Kingdom of Bavaria

Further information: Kingdom of Bavaria

In 1805 under the Peace of Pressburg between the Napoleonic France and the Holy Roman Empire several duchies were elevated to kingdoms. The Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria held the title King of Bavaria from 1806 until 1918. The prince-elector of Bavaria, Maximilian IV Joseph formally assumed the title King Maximilian I of Bavaria on 1 January 1806. The well-known so called Märchenkönig (Fairy tale king) Ludwig II constructed Neuschwanstein Castle, Herrenchiemsee, and Linderhof Palace during his reign (1864–1886), threatening not only to go bankrupt in person, but also to bankrupt the country in the process. In 1918 Ludwig III lost his throne in the German Revolution of 1918–1919.

Name	Image	Title	Start term	End term	House	Note
Maximilian I		King of Bavaria	1 January 1806	13 October 1825	Wittelsbach	see above
Ludwig I		King of Bavaria	13 October 1825	20 March 1848	Wittelsbach	Son of Maximilian I Joseph. Abdicated in the Revolutions of 1848
Maximilian II		King of Bavaria	20 March 1848	10 March 1864	Wittelsbach	Son of Ludwig I
Ludwig II		King of Bavaria	10 March 1864	13 June 1886	Wittelsbach	Son of Maximilian II Ludwig II was called the Märchenkönig (Fairy tale king). He grudgingly acceded to Bavaria becoming a component of the German Empire in 1871, was declared insane in 1886.^[2]
Otto		King of Bavaria	13 June 1886	5 November 1913	Wittelsbach	Brother of Ludwig II and son of Maximilian II. From a mathematical, calendrical point of view, his marked the longest "reign" amongst the Kings of Bavaria. However, Otto was mentally ill since teenhood and throughout all of his later life, hence the royal functions had to be carried out by the following princes regent: Prince Luitpold of Bavaria 10 June 1886 – 12 December 1912 Prince Ludwig of Bavaria 12 December 1912 – 5 November 1913
Ludwig III		King of Bavaria	5 November 1913	13 November 1918	Wittelsbach	Cousin of Otto, son of Prince Luitpold and grandson of Ludwig I. Prince regent from 1912 until 1913. Declared King of Bavaria following a controversial change of the constitution, discharging his cousin Otto from "office". Lost the throne in the German Revolution of 1918–1919 at the end of World War I. Marks the end of 738 years of uninterrupted Wittelsbach rule over Bavaria.

Post-monarchy

Main article: List of Ministers-President of Bavaria

In 1918, at the end of the First World War in the German Revolution of 1918–1919, Bavaria became a democratic republic within the Weimar Republic; the name for the period of Germany from 1919 to 1933. Since then, the rulers of Bavaria have been minister-presidents.

Family tree

Note that Dukes called Louis are usually numbered from Louis the Kelheimer (r. 1189–1231), although four Dukes of Bavaria had been called Louis before that. The same applies to Dukes called Otto, who are sometimes renumbered starting with Otto III, the first Wittelsbach Duke of Bavaria. The highest number has been used in this chart to minimise confusion, with one exception: Ludwig is the German for Louis, but Kings Ludwig I, II and III are not numbered XV, XVI and XVII.

The colours denote the Dukes, Electors and Kings over the following regions of Bavaria and under the following circumstances:

– Dukes of Bavaria   – Regents and pretenders to the Bavarian throne   – Dukes of Lower Bavaria   – Dukes of Upper Bavaria   – Dukes of Bavaria-Lanshut

– Dukes of Bavaria-Ingolstadt   – Dukes of Bavaria-Munich   – Dukes of Bavaria-Munich-Dachau   – Dukes of Bavaria-Straubing   – Dukes of Bavaria-Straubing, disputed

|

AGILOLFING

Garibald I 540–555–591

Waldrada of Neustria 531–572

Tassilo I 560–591–610

Romilda of Friuli died 611

Gisulf II of Friuli 545–611

Garibald II 565–610–625

Geila of Friuli

Irmina of Ören died c. 707

Pfalzgraf Hugobert died 697

CAROLINGIAN

Bertrada of Prüm 670–721

Theodo I uncertain

Alpaida c. 654 – 714

Pepin of Herstal 635–714

Plectrude died 718

Caribert of Laon died c. 762

Theodo II 625–680–716

AHALOLFING

unknown daughter

Godfrey of Alemannia c. 650 – 709

Grimoald ?–716–725

Biltrude fl. 725

Theobald ?–711–717

Tassilo II ?–716–719

Theodebert 685–702–719

Regintrud c. 663 – 735

Huoching of Alemannia c. 675 – 744

Desiderius of the Lombards died 786

Rotrude of Hesbaye died 724

Charles Martel 688–741

Swanachild fl. 726

Hugbert r. 725–736

Hnabi of Alemannia 710–789

Odilo ?–736–748

Hiltrude of the Franks 716–754

Bertrada of Laon c. 718 – 783

Pepin the Short 714–768

Grifo 726–748–748–753

UDALRICHING

Emma of Alemannia died c. 789

Gerold 725–794–799

Tassilo III 741–748– 788–796

Liutberga of the Lombards fl. 763

Hildegard of Vinzgau 754–783

Charles I the Great 748–788– 794–799–814

Desiderata of the Lombards fl. 770

Welf the Elder died c. 825

Ermengarde of Hesbaye 778–818

Louis I the Pious 778–817– 829–840

Judith of Bavaria 797–843

Eticho of Ammergau (great-grandson of Welf the Elder)

Counrad I of Auxerre died 864

Lothair 795–814– 817–855

Louis II the German 810–817– 865–876

Emma of Altdorf 803–876

Gisela of the Franks c. 821 – 870

Eberhard of Friuli 815–867

Charles the Bald 823–877

Ermentrude of Orléans 823–869

Engeldeo r. 890–895

Henry of the Golden Wagon

Conrad II of Transjurane Burgundy died 876

Louis III the Younger 835–880–882

Charles II the Fat 839–882– 887–888

Carloman 828–864–880

Liutswind

Ernest of the Nordgau

Gisela of Swabia

Uruoch III of Friuli 840–874

Ansgarde of Burgundy died c. 881

Louis II of France 836–879

Adelaide of Paris 853–901

Berengar I of Italy 845–924

Rudolf I of Altdorf

LUITPOLDING

Rudolf I of Burgundy 859–912

Guilla of Provence died c. 924

Ota of the Hessengau c. 874 – 901

Arnulf I 850–887–899

Leopold I r. 899–907

Cunigunde of Swabia 878–918

Eberhard of the Sülichgau died c. 889

Ermentrude of France born c. 875

Charles the Simple 879–929

Matilda of Ringelheim 892–988

Gisela of Friuli 876–913

Albert I of Ivrea died c. 829

Rudolf II of Altdorf died c. 990

OTTONIAN

ARDENNE

Rudolf II of Burgundy 880–937

Bertha of Swabia 907–966

Henry the Fowler 876–936

Louis IV the Child 893–899–911

Judith of Friuli born c. 888

Arnulf II the Bad r. 907–937

Berthold 900–938–947

Wiltrude of Bergen

Cunigunde of France c. 893 – 923

Wigeric of Lotharingia died c. 923

Berengar II of Italy died 966

Louis IV of France 921–954

Gerberga of Saxony 913–968

Welf II of Altdorf died 1030

Adelaide of Italy 931–999

Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor 912–973

Edith of England 910–946

Henry I 919–948–955

Judith of Bavaria 925–985

Eberhard r. 937–938

Henry III the Younger 940–983–985–989

Hedwig of the Nordgau 922–993

Sigfried of the Ardennes 922–998

Adelaide of Bellay

Conrad I of Burgundy 925–993

Matilda of France 943–982

SALIAN

ESTE

Liudolf of Swabia 930–957

Liutgarde of Saxony 932–953

Conrad of Lorraine 922–955

Henry II the Quarreller 951–955– 976–985–995

Gisela of Burgundy 955–1007

Adalbert of Italy 932–971

Hermann II of Swabia died 1003

Gerberga of Burgundy 966–1018

Albert Azzo II of Milan 1009–1097

Cunigunde of Altdorf c. 1020 – 1054

Otto I 954–976–982

Otto of Carinthia died 1004

Henry IV 973–995–1004– 1009–1017–1024

Cunigunde of Luxembourg 975–1040

Henry V ?–1004–1009– 1017–1026

Sigfried I of Nordheim

Frederick of Luxembourg 965–1019

Ermentrude of Gielberg

Liutgarde of Luxembourg 955-c. 1005

Theophano of Rome 955–991

Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor 955–983

Henry of Speyer died c. 992

Adelaide of Metz 970–1046

Otto– William of Burgundy 958–1026

Bernard I of Nordheim

Henry VII r. 1042–1047

Dirk III of Holland 982–1039

Judith of Flanders c. 1033 – 1095

Welf I c. 1037 – 1070–1077– 1096–1101

EZZONEN

Matilda of Germany 979–1025

Ezzo of Lotharingia 955–1034

Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor 990–1032

Gisela of Swabia 990–1043

William V of Aquitaine 969–1030

Agnes of Burgundy died 1068

Otto II of Nordheim 1020–1061– 1070–1083

Richenza of Swabia c. 1025–1083

Swanhilde of Holland

Matilda of Tuscany 1046–1115

Liudolf of Lotharingia 1000–1031

Henry VI the Black 1016–1026– 1042–1056

Agnes of Poitou 1025–1077

Henry of Frisia c. 1055 – 1101

Gertrude of Brunswick c. 1060 – 1117

Arnold I of Loon c. 1050-c. 1130

Wulfhilde of Saxony 1072–1116

Henry IX the Black 1075–1120–1126

Welf II the Fat 1072–1101–1120

Conrad I c. 1020 – 1049 – 1053–1055

Conrad II 1052–1054–1055

Henry VIII 1050–1053– 1054–1055– 1061–1077– 1096–1106

Bertha of Savoy 1051–1087

Arnold II of Loon died 1146

Richenza of Nordheim c. 1088 – 1141

Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor 1075–1137

Babenberg

Frederick I of Swabia c. 1050 – 1105

Agnes of Waiblingen c. 1072 – 1143

Leopold III of Austria 1073–1136

Agnes of Saarbrücken

Frederick II of Swabia 1090–1147

Frederick III of Pettendorf

Heilika of Swabia

Leopold II the Generous 1108–1139–1141

Henry XI Jasomirgott 1112–1141– 1156–1177

Gertrude of Süpplingenburg 1115–1143

Henry X the Proud 1108–1126– 1138–1139

WITTELSBACH

Heilika of Pettendorf- Lengenfeld c. 1103 – 1170

Otto IV of Wittelsbach 1083–1156

Agnes of Metz c. 1114 – 1177

Louis I of Loon c. 1107 – 1171

Conrad of the Palatinate c. 1135 – 1195

Matilda of England 1156–1189

Henry XII the Lion 1129–1156– 1180–1195

Berthold I of Istria c. 1116 – 1188

Otto III the Redhead 1117–1180–1183

Agnes of Loon 1150–1191 regent 1183–1191

Agnes of Hohenstaufen 1176–1204

Henry V of the Palatinate 1173–1127

Hedwig of Wittelsbach

Louis V the Kelheimer 1173–1189–1231

Ludmilla of Bohemia died 1240

HABSBURG

Richardis of Bavaria

Cunigunde of Andechs- Merania

Gertrude of Merania 1185–1213

Andrew II of Hungary 1177–1235

Otto IV the Illustrious 1206–1231–1253

Agnes of the Palatinate 1201–1267

Rudolf I, Holy Roman Emperor 1218–1291

Gertrude of Hohenburg c. 1225 – 1281

Matilda of Guelders

Hildegunde of Eberstein

Béla IV of Hungary 1206–1270

Maria Laskarina c. 1206 – 1270

Louis VI 1229–1253–1294

Matilda of Habsburg 1253–1304 regent 1294–1296

Judith of Habsburg 1271–1297

Albert I of Germany 1255–1308

Walram II of Nassau c. 1220 – 1276

Adelheid of Katzenelnbogen

Elizabeth of Hungary 1236–1271

Henry XIII 1235–1253–1290

Elizabeth of Bohemia 1292–1330

Albert II of Austria 1298–1358

Adolf of Germany c. 1255 – 1208

Agnes Piast

Otto V 1261–1290–1312

Louis VII 1269–1290–1296

Judith of Jawor and Schweidnitz 1287–1320

Stephen I 1271–1290–1310

Beatrice of Jawor and Schweidnitz

Louis VIII 1282–1340–1347 Upper Bavaria 1301–1340

Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut 1290–1322

Margaret of Bohemia 1296–1322

Albert III of Austria 1349–1395

Mechtild of Nassau c. 1280 – 1323

Rudolf the Stammerer 1274–1294–1317–1319

Henry XV of Nattenberg 1312–1312–1331

Otto VI 1307–1312–1334

Henry XIV the Elder 1305–1312–1339

Margaret of Bohemia 1313–1341

William I the Mad 1330–1353–1389 Lower Bavaria 1347–1353

Otto VII the Lazy 1341–1375–1379 Upper Bavaria 1347–1351

Louis I of Brzeg 1321–1398

Adolf of the Palatinate 1300–1327

Margaret Maultasch of Tyrol 1318–1369

Louis IX of Brandenburg 1315–1347–1361

Barnabò Visconti 1321–1385

Stephen II 1319–1353–1375 Lower Bavaria 1347–1353

Elisabeth of Sicily 1309–1349

John I the Child 1329–1339–1340

Anna of Bavaria 1326–1361

Louis X the Roman 1328–1347–1353–1365

Albert I 1336–1353–1404 Lower Bavaria 1347–1353

Margaret of Brzeg 1342–1386

Albert IV of Austria 1377–1404

Rupert II of the Palatinate 1325–1398

Meinhard 1344–1361–1363

Taddea Visconti 1351–1381

Stephen III 1337–1392–1413 Landshut 1375–1392

John II 1341–1392–1397 Landshut 1375–1392

Catherine of Gorizia died 1391

Frederick 1339–1375–1393

Maddalena Visconti 1366–1404

John III the Pitiless disputed 1374–1417–1425

William II 1365–1404–1417

Margaret of Burgundy 1374–1441

Viridis Visconti 1352–1414

Leopold III of Austria 1351–1386

Stephen of Simmern- Zweibrücken 1385–1459

Anna of the Palatinate 1346–1415

Rupert of the Palatinate 1352–1410

Anne of Bourbon and La Marche 1380–1408

Louis XI the Bearded 1368–1413– 1443–1447

Elisabeth Visconti 1372–1432

Ernest 1373–1397–1438

William III 1375–1397–1435

Henry XVI the Rich 1386–1393–1450

Margaret of Austria 1395–1447

Jacqueline disputed 1401–1417– 1432–1436

Ernest the Iron of Austria 1377–1424

Louis I of Zweibrücken 1424–1489

Jeanne of Croÿ 1435–1504

Louis III of the Palatinate 1378–1436

Louis XII the Hunchback 1403–1443–1445

Anna of Brunswick- Grubenhagen 1414–1474

Albert III the Pious 1401–1438–1460

Eleanor of Portugal 1434–1467

Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor 1415–1493

Margaret of Austria 1416–1486

Alexander of Zweibrücken 1462–1514

Philip I of Hesse 1504–1567

Louis IV of the Palatinate 1424–1449

Margaret of Bavaria 1442–1479

John IV 1437–1460–1463

Sigismund 1439–1467–1501 Munich 1460–1467

Albert IV 1447–1503–1508 Munich 1467–1503

Kunigunde of Austria 1465–1520

Louis XIII the Rich 1417–1450–1479

Amalia of Saxony 1436–1501

Louis II of Zweibrücken 1502–1532

Elisabeth of Hesse 1503–1563

Clara Gonzaga 1464–1503

Philip of the Palatinate 1448–1508

Louis XIV 1495–1508–1545

Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor 1459–1519

George the Rich 1455–1479–1503

Wolfgang of Zweibrücken 1526–1569

Anna of Hesse 1529–1591

Renée of Bourbon 1494–1593

Antoine of Lorraine 1489–1–1544

Elisabeth of the Palatinate 1483–1522

Philip I of Castile 1478–1506

Isabella of Austria 1501–1526

Maria Jacobea of Baden- Sponheim 1507–1580

William IV the Steadfast 1493–1508–1550

Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor 1503–1564

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor 1500–1558

William I of Jülich- Cleves-Berg 1516–1592

Maria of Austria 1531–1581

Francis I of Lorraine 1517–1545

Christina of Denmark 1521–1590

Albert V the Magnanimous 1528–1550–1579

Anna of Austria 1528–1590

Joanna of Austria 1547–1578

Philip II of Spain 1527–1598

February 08, 2023 Latest articles January 01, 1970 M44 self propelled howitzer January 01, 1970 M59 armored personnel carrier January 01, 1970 M50 Ontos January 01, 1970 M66 motorway (Great Britain) January 01, 1970 M69 motorway January 01, 1970 M60 AVLB January 01, 1970 M62 coach bombing January 01, 1970 M6 Toll motorway (Great Britain) January 01, 1970 M7 (Istanbul Metro) January 01, 1970 M7 Group Most Read January 01, 1970 The Spurs January 01, 1970 The Spy Who Loved Flowers January 01, 1970 The Squatter's Daughter (Lambert) January 01, 1970 The Square Shopping Centre January 01, 1970 The Squirrels list, rulers, bavaria, duke, bavaria, redirects, here, incumbent, franz, duke, bavaria, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, remo. Duke of Bavaria redirects here For the incumbent see Franz Duke of Bavaria This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources List of rulers of Bavaria news newspapers books scholar JSTOR October 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The following is a list of rulers during the history of Bavaria Bavaria was ruled by several dukes and kings partitioned and reunited under several dynasties Since 1949 Bavaria has been a democratic state in the Federal Republic of Germany Smaller coat of arms of Bavaria Contents 1 Rulers of Bavaria 1 1 Ducal Bavaria also known as the Old Stem duchy 1 1 1 Agilolfing dynasty 1 2 Carolingian dynasty and dominion from the Holy Roman Empire 1 3 Ducal Bavaria also known as the Younger Stem duchy 1 3 1 Luitpolding dynasty 911 947 1 3 2 German kings 947 1070 1 3 3 Houses of Welf and Babenberg 1070 1180 1 4 Ducal and Electoral Bavaria Hereditary dukes 1 4 1 First partition 1253 1340 1 4 2 Second partition 1349 1503 1 5 House of Wittelsbach 1 5 1 Partitions of Bavaria under Wittelsbach rule 1 5 2 Table of rulers 1 6 Kingdom of Bavaria 1 7 Post monarchy 2 Family tree 3 References 4 External linksRulers of Bavaria EditDucal Bavaria also known as the Old Stem duchy Edit Agilolfing dynasty Edit Around 548 the kings of the Franks placed the border region of Bavaria under the administration of a duke possibly Frankish or possibly chosen from amongst the local leading families who was supposed to act as a regional governor for the Frankish king The first duke we know of and likely the first was Gariwald or Garibald I a member of the powerful Agilolfing family This was the beginning of a series of Agilolfing dukes that was to last until 788 Name Image Title Start term End term Part NoteGaribald I Duke of Bavaria 555 c 591 Some sources call him King of the Bavarians 1 Tassilo I Duke of Bavaria 591 c 610 Named rex king at his ascension Garibald II Duke of Bavaria 610 c 630Theodo Duke of Bavaria 680 c 716 By the time of Theodo who died in 716 or 717 the Bavarian duchy had achieved complete independence from the Frankish kings Theodo s sons divided the duchy but by 719 the rule had returned to Grimoald Theodbert Duke 702 c 719 Salzburg Son of Theodo Theobald Duke 711 c 719 Parts of Bavaria Son of Theodo Tassilo II Duke 716 c 719 Passau Son of Theodo Grimoald Duke 716 c 725 Freising Son of Theodo later ruling all of Bavaria Hugbert Duke 725 737 Son of Theudbert In 725 Charles Martel ruler in fact though not in name of the Frankish realm reasserted royal supremacy over Bavaria defeating and killing Grimoald and annexing portions of Bavaria during the rule of Hugbert Odilo 737 748 Son of Gotfrid Grifo 748 748 Carolingian Usurper Tassilo III Duke of Bavaria 748 788 In 757 Tassilo III recognized the suzerainty of the Frankish kings Pippin III and did homage to Charlemagne in 781 and again in 787 while pursued an independent policy In 788 Charlemagne had Tassilo sentenced to death on a charge of treason Tassilo granted pardon entered a monastery and formally renounced his duchy at Frankfurt am Main in 794 Carolingian dynasty and dominion from the Holy Roman Empire Edit The kings later emperors of the Franks now assumed complete control placing Bavaria under the rule of non hereditary governors and civil servants They were not dukes but rather kings of Bavaria Emperor Louis the Pious divided control of the Empire among his sons and the divisions became permanent in the decades following his death in 840 The Frankish rulers controlled Bavaria as part of their possessions Name Image Title Start term End term Part NoteCharlemagne Emperor 788 814 Prefects of Bavaria Gerold 794 799 and Audulf 799 818 Louis the Pious Emperor 814 826 In 814 Louis appointed his eldest son Lothair I as governor of Bavaria In 817 Louis bestowed Bavaria upon his other son Louis the German who took charge of the province in 826 as King of Bavaria Louis the German King of Bavaria 826 876 In 826 Louis started to rule as King of Bavaria subordinate to his father until the latter s death in 840 From 843 Bavaria was merged in Louis the German s Kingdom of East Francia In 864 Louis the German gave control of Bavaria to his son Carloman and died in 876 Louis two younger sons Louis and Charles the latter of whom briefly recovered control of all the Frankish possessions ruled Bavaria in succession after Carloman Carloman King of Bavaria 876 880 Eldest son of Louis the German Louis the Younger King of Bavaria 880 882 Son of Louis the German Charles the Fat King of Bavaria 882 887 Youngest son of Louis the German Carloman s bastard son Arnulf of Carinthia rebelled against Charles and took power in eastern Francia shortly before Charles death Arnulf of Carinthia King of Bavaria 887 899 Son of Carloman Louis the Child King of Bavaria 899 911 Son of Arnulf of Carinthia Engeldeo Margrave of Bavaria 890 895 Non dynastic Deprived of his title marchio Baioariorum and replaced by Luitpold Ducal Bavaria also known as the Younger Stem duchy Edit Ruled by an array of dukes from an array of rivaling houses individually appointed to office Luitpolding dynasty 911 947 Edit Luitpolding dynastyLuitpold founder of the Luitpolding dynasty was not a duke of Bavaria but a margrave of Carinthia under the rule of Louis the Child Frankish power had waned in the region due to Hungarian attacks allowing the local rulers greater independence Luitpold s son Arnulf claimed the title of duke implying full autonomy in 911 and was recognized as such by King Henry the Fowler of Germany in 920 German kings 947 1070 Edit Ottonian dynasty Salian dynastyFrom 947 until the 11th century the kings of Germany repeatedly transferred Bavaria into different hands including their own never allowing any one family to establish itself Bavaria was ruled by a series of short lasting mostly unrelated dynasties Houses of Welf and Babenberg 1070 1180 Edit Houses of Welf and BabenbergIn 1070 Emperor Henry IV deposed Duke Otto granting the duchy instead to Welf I a member of the Italo Bavarian family of Este Welf I subsequently quarreled with King Henry and was deprived of his duchy for nineteen years during which it was directly administered by the German crown Welf I recovered the duchy in 1096 and was succeeded by his sons Welf II and Henry IX the latter was succeeded by his son Henry X who also became Duke of Saxony Name Image Title Start term End term House Part NoteLuitpold Margrave of Bavaria 895 907 LuitpoldingArnulf the Bad Duke of Bavaria 907 920 Luitpolding Son of Luitpold Arnulf the Bad claimed the title of duke implying full autonomy in 911 and was recognized as such by King Henry the Fowler in 920 Eberhard Duke of Bavaria 937 938 LuitpoldingBerthold Duke of Bavaria 938 947 Luitpolding Younger son of Luitpold The German King Otto I reasserted central authority banishing Arnulf s son Eberhard and re granting the title to Berthold a younger son of Luitpold Henry I Duke of Bavaria 947 955 Ottonian Son of Henry the Fowler On Berthold s death Otto I Holy Roman Emperor gave the duchy to his own brother Henry I who was also Arnulf the Bad s son in law Henry II the Quarrelsome Duke of Bavaria 955 976 Ottonian Henry II made war upon his cousin Emperor Otto II and was deprived of his duchy in 976 in favor of his cousin Otto Duke of Swabia who now acquired two dukedoms Otto I Duke of Bavaria 976 982 OttonianHenry III the Younger Duke of Bavaria 983 985 Luitpolding Bavaria was given to Berthold s son Henry III briefly restoring the Luitpolding dynasty Henry III exchanged Bavaria for Carinthia and Henry II received Bavaria again Henry II the Quarrelsome Duke of Bavaria 985 995 Ottonian RestoredHenry IV Duke of Bavaria 995 1004 Ottonian Son of Henry II the Quarrelsome Henry IV was elected as Holy Roman Emperor Henry II who gave Bavaria to his brother in law Henry V Count of Luxemburg in 1004 Henry V Duke of Bavaria 1004 1009 Luxemburg Son of Siegfried of Luxembourg Henry IV Duke of Bavaria 1009 1017 Ottonian Henry IV reasserted direct control Henry V Duke of Bavaria 1017 1026 Luxemburg Son of Siegfried of Luxembourg Conrad II Holy Roman Emperor King of Germany gave Bavaria to his son Henry VI after the death of Henry V in 1026 Henry VI the Black Duke of Bavaria 1026 1042 Salian Son of Conrad II Holy Roman Emperor Later Henry was elected as Holy Roman Emperor Henry III and became King of Germany in 1039 Henry VII Duke of Bavaria 1042 1047 Luxemburg Son of Frederick of Luxembourg In 1042 Henry III Holy Roman Emperor granted the duchy to Henry VII Count of Luxemburg nephew of Henry V Conrad I Kuno Duke of Bavaria 1049 1053 Ezzonen Son of Liudolf of Lotharingia After Henry VII s death the dukedom was vacant for a couple of years Henry III Holy Roman Emperor then gave the duchy to Kuno Count of Zutphen in 1049 Kuno was deposed in 1053 Henry VIII Duke of Bavaria 1053 1054 Salian Son of Henry III Holy Roman Emperor During his reign in Bavaria Henry VIII was a minor born 1050 In 1056 he became King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor as Henry IV in 1084 Conrad II Duke of Bavaria 1054 1055 Salian minor born 1052 died 1055 Son of Henry III Holy Roman EmperorHenry VIII Duke of Bavaria 1055 1061 Salian minor born 1050 Son of Henry III Holy Roman Emperor Henry VIII became King of Germany 1056 and Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor in 1084 Otto II Duke of Bavaria 1061 1070 Nordheim In 1061 Empress Agnes the 11 year old King Henry IV s mother and regent entrusted the duchy to Otto of Nordheim Welf I Duke of Bavaria 1070 1077 Welf Welf I subsequently quarreled with Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor and was deprived of his duchy for nineteen years during which it was directly administered by the German crown Henry VIII Duke of Bavaria 1077 1096 Salian minor born 1050 Son of Henry III Holy Roman Emperor Henry VIII became King of Germany 1056 and Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor in 1084 Welf I Duke of Bavaria 1096 1101 Welf Welf I recovered the duchy in 1096 Welf II Duke of Bavaria 1101 1120 Welf Son of Welf IHenry IX the Black Duke of Bavaria 1120 1126 Welf Son of Welf I Abdicated Henry X the Proud Duke of Bavaria 1126 1138 Welf Son of Henry IX the Black In a power struggle with King Conrad III of Germany Henry X lost his duchy to the King who granted it to his follower Leopold Margrave of Austria Leopold I Duke of Bavaria 1139 1141 Babenberg When Leopold died Conrad III of Germany resumed the duchy and granted it to Leopold s brother Henry XI Henry XI Jasomirgott Duke of Bavaria 1143 1156 Babenberg Brother of Leopold Henry XII the Lion Duke of Bavaria 1156 1180 Welf When Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor became king of Germany he restored Bavaria to the Welf line in the person of Henry X s son Henry XII the Lion Duke of Saxony Ducal and Electoral Bavaria Hereditary dukes Edit Further information Duchy of Bavaria and Electorate of Bavaria Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bavaria In 1180 Henry XII the Lion and Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor fell out The emperor consequently dispossessed the duke and gave his territory to Otto I Wittelsbach Duke of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach From now on Bavaria remained in the possession of various branches of the family for 738 years until the end of the First World War First partition 1253 1340 Edit In 1253 on Otto II s death Bavaria was divided between his sons Henry became Duke of Lower Bavaria and Louis of Upper Bavaria From this point until the beginning of the 16th century the territories were frequently divided between brothers making the Dukes difficult to list In Lower Bavaria Henry XIII was succeeded by his three sons Otto III Louis III and Stephen I ruling jointly Otto III s successor in the joint dukedom was his son Henry XV Stephen s successors were his sons Otto IV and Henry XIV Henry XIV s son was John I In Upper Bavaria Louis II was succeeded by his sons Rudolf I and Louis IV The latter was elected King of Germany in 1314 After John I s death in 1340 Louis IV unified the Bavarian duchy The dukes of Upper Bavaria served also as Counts Palatinate of the Rhine In 1329 Louis IV released the Palatinate of the Rhine including the Bavarian Upper Palatinate to the sons of Rudolf I The Upper Palatinate would be reunited with Bavaria in 1623 the Lower Palatinate in 1777 Second partition 1349 1503 Edit From 1349 until 1503 the second partition of Bavaria took place In 1349 the six sons of Louis IV partitioned Bavaria into Upper and Lower Bavaria again In 1353 Lower Bavaria was partitioned into Bavaria Landshut and Bavaria Straubing Upper Bavaria was partitioned between Bavaria Straubing and Bavaria Landshut in 1363 After the death of Stephan II in 1392 Bavaria Landshut was broken into three duchies John II gained Bavaria Munich Frederick Duke of Bavaria Landshut received a smaller Bavaria Landshut and in Bavaria Ingolstadt ruled Stephen III Duke of Bavaria Following the Landshut War 1503 1505 the Duke of Bavaria Munich Albert IV the Wise became ruler of Bavaria In 1506 Albert decreed that the duchy should pass according to the rules of primogeniture In 1623 Maximilian I was granted the title Prince elector German Kurfurst of the Rhenish Palatinate House of Wittelsbach Edit Partitions of Bavaria under Wittelsbach rule Edit Duchy of Bavaria 1180 1253 Lower Bavaria 1st creation 1253 1340 Upper Bavaria 1st creation 1253 1340 Duchy of Bavaria Upper line 1340 1349 Lower Bavaria 2nd creation 1349 1353 Upper Bavaria 2nd creation 1349 1363 divided among the other duchies Landshut 1353 1503 Straubing 1353 1432 divided among the other duchies Munich 1392 1503 Ingolstadt 1392 1445 Dachau 1467 1501 Leuchtenberg 1646 1705 Duchy of Bavaria Munich line 1503 1623 Raised to Electorate of Bavaria 1623 1806 Table of rulers Edit Note Here the numbering of the dukes is the same for all duchies as all were titled Dukes of Bavaria despite of the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers The dukes are numbered by the year of their succession Ruler Born Reign Death Ruling part Consort NotesOtto III the Redhead 1117 1180 1183 11 July 1183 Bavaria Agnes of Loon1169eleven children In 1180 Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor gave Bavaria to Otto I Wittelsbach Duke of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach Regency of Agnes of Loon 1183 1189 Son of Otto III Louis obtained the Palatinate of the Rhine in 1214 So Louis I served also as Count Palatine of the Rhine He was assassinated 1231 Louis I the Kelheimer 23 December 1173 1183 1231 15 September 1231 Bavaria Ludmilla of Bohemia1204one childOtto IV the Illustrious 7 April 1206 1231 1253 29 November 1253 Bavaria Agnes of the Palatinate1222Wormseleven children Otto IV served also as Count Palatine of the Rhine On Otto IV s death Bavaria was divided between his sons Henry became duke of Lower Bavaria and Louis of Upper Bavaria From this point until the beginning of the 16th century the territories were frequently divided between brothers Henry XIII 19 November 1235 1253 1290 3 February 1290 Lower Bavaria Elizabeth of Hungary1250ten children Son of Otto IV After the partition of 1253 received Lower Bavaria Louis II the Strict 13 April 1229 1253 1294 2 February 1294 Upper Bavaria Maria of Brabant2 August 1254 executed no childrenAnna of Glogow1260two childrenMatilda of Austria24 October 1273four children Son of Otto IV After the partition of 1253 received Upper Bavaria Otto V 11 February 1261 1290 1312 9 November 1312 Lower Bavaria Catherine of AustriaJanuary 1279two childrenAnna of Glogow18 May 1309two children Sons of Henry XIII ruled jointly In 1305 Otto became also King of Hungary and Croatia as grandson of Bela IV of Hungary Louis III 9 October 1269 1290 1296 9 October 1296 Lower Bavaria Isabella of Lorraine1287no childrenStephen I 14 March 1271 1290 1310 10 December 1310 Lower Bavaria Judith of Swidnica Jawor1299eight childrenRegency of Matilda of Austria 1294 1296 Sons of Louis II ruled jointly In 1317 Rudolph abdicated of his rights to his brother who in 1328 was elected Holy Roman Emperor louis had already been elected King of Germany in 1314 In the Treaty of Pavia 1329 Louis IV released the Palatinate of the Rhine passing the Bavarian Upper Palatinate to the sons of Rudolf I After John I the Child s death in 1340 Louis IV unified the Bavarian duchy Rudolph I the Stammerer 4 October 1274 1294 1317 12 August 1319 Upper Bavaria Matilda of Nassau1 September 1294Nurembergsix childrenLouis IV the Bavarian 5 April 1282 1294 1340 11 October 1347 Upper Bavaria Beatrice of Swidnica Jawor14 October 1308six childrenMargaret II Countess of Holland Hainaut26 February 1324Cologneten children1340 1347 BavariaRegency of Louis IV Duke of Bavaria 1312 19 Sons of Stephen I Henry XIV and Otto VI and Otto V Henry XV ruled jointly Henry XIV the Elder 29 September 1305 1312 1339 1 September 1339 Lower Bavaria Margaret of Bohemia12 August 1328two childrenOtto VI 3 January 1307 1312 1334 14 December 1334 Lower Bavaria Richardis of Julich1330one childHenry XV the Natternberger 28 August 1312 1312 1333 18 June 1333 Lower Bavaria Anna of Austriabetween 1326 and 1328no childrenRegency of Louis IV Duke of Bavaria 1339 40 Left no male heirs which allowed his cousin and brother in law Louis to reunite the Bavarian lands John I the Child 29 November 1329 1339 1340 20 December 1340 Lower Bavaria Anna of Upper Bavaria18 April 1339Munichno childrenLouis V the Brandenburger May 1315 1347 1349 18 September 1361 Bavaria Margaret of Denmark1324no childrenMargaret Countess of Tyrol10 February 1342Meranfour children The six sons of Louis IV ruled jointly until 1349 when they divided the land Louis V Louis VI and Otto VII kept Upper Bavaria William Albert and Stephen Lower Bavaria In 1351 Louis VI and Otto gave up their inheritance in Bavaria in exchange of the Electoral dignity in Brandenburg Having lost the Electorate of Brandenburg in 1373 Otto returned to Bavaria to claim new inheritance and shared the part of Stephen II s sons his nephews in Landshut In Lower Bavaria the three brothers divided the land again in 1353 Stephen kept Landshut William and Albert shared Straubing and from 1389 the two shared Straubing also with Albert I s son Albert II 1349 1361 Upper BavariaLouis VI the Roman 7 May 1328 1347 1349 17 May 1365 Bavaria Cunigunde of Polandbefore 1349no childrenIngeborg of Mecklenburg Schwerin1360no children1349 1351 Upper BavariaOtto VII the Lazy 1340 42 1347 1349 15 November 1379 Bavaria Catherine of Bohemia19 March 1366no children1349 1351 Upper Bavaria1375 1379 Bavaria LandshutStephen II the Representative 1319 1347 1349 13 May 1375 Bavaria Elisabeth of Sicily27 June 1328four childrenMargaret of Nuremberg14 February 1359three children1349 1353 Lower Bavaria1353 1375 Bavaria LandshutWilliam I the Mad 12 May 1330 1347 1349 15 April 1389 Bavaria Matilda of England1352Londonno children1349 1353 Lower Bavaria1353 1389 Bavaria StraubingAlbert I 25 July 1336 1347 1349 13 December 1404 Bavaria Margaret of Brzegafter 19 July 1353Passauseven childrenMargaret of Cleves1394Heusdenno children1349 1353 Lower Bavaria1353 1404 Bavaria StraubingAlbert II 1368 1389 1397 21 January 1397 Bavaria Straubing UnmarriedMeinhard I 9 February 1344 1361 1363 13 January 1363 Upper Bavaria Margaret of Austria4 September 1359Passauno children Left no male descendants After his death Upper Bavaria was divided between Bavaria Landshut and Bavaria Straubing Definitively annexed by Bavaria Landshut 1 2 and Bavaria Straubing 1 2 Frederick I the Wise 1339 1375 1393 4 December 1393 Bavaria Landshut Anna of Neuffen1360one childMaddalena Visconti2 September 1381five children Ruled jointly Shared rule until 1379 with their uncle Otto VII In 1392 the brothers divided the land once more Frederick retained Landshut Stephen kept Ingolstadt and John received Munich Stephen III the Magnificent 1337 1375 1392 26 September 1413 Bavaria Landshut Taddea Visconti13 October 1364two childrenAnna of Neuffen16 January 1401Cologneno children1392 1413 Bavaria IngolstadtJohn II 1341 1375 1392 14 June 1 July 1397 Bavaria Landshut Catherine of Gorizia1372three children1392 1397 Bavaria MunichRegencies of Maddalena Visconti and Stephen III Duke of Bavaria 1393 1401 John II Duke of Bavaria 1393 97 Ernest Duke of Bavaria and William III Duke of Bavaria 1397 1401 Annexed Ingolstadt in 1445 Henry XVI the Rich 1386 1393 1450 30 July 1450 Bavaria Landshut Margaret of Austria25 November 1412Landshutsix childrenErnest 1373 1397 1438 14 June 1 July 1397 Bavaria Munich Elisabetta Visconti26 January 1395Pfaffenhofen an der Ilmfour children Ruled jointly William III 1375 1397 1435 12 September 1435 Bavaria Munich Margaret of Cleves1433two childrenWilliam II 5 April 1365 1404 1417 31 May 1417 Bavaria Straubing Margaret of Burgundy12 April 1385Cambraione child Eldest son of Albert I Louis VII the Bearded 1368 1413 1443 1 May 1447 Bavaria Ingolstadt Anne de Bourbon La Marche1 October 1402two childrenCatherine of Alencon1413two children Imprisoned by his son who was allied with Henry XVI Died in prison John III the Pitiless 1374 1417 1425 6 January 1425 Bavaria Straubing Elizabeth I Duchess of Luxembourg11418no children Son of Albert I Contested Jacqueline the heiress of the Wittelsbach possessions in the Low Countries until his death Definitively annexed by the remaining Bavarian duchiesAlbert III 27 March 1401 1438 1460 29 February 1460 Bavaria Munich Agnes Bernauerc 1432 morganatic no childrenAnna of Brunswick Grubenhagen22 January 1437Munichten children Son of Ernest Louis VIII the Hunchback 1 September 1403 1443 1445 7 April 1445 Bavaria Ingolstadt Unmarried After his death Ingolstadt was annexed by Landshut Definitively annexed by Bavaria LandshutLouis IX the Rich 23 February 1417 1450 1479 18 January 1479 Bavaria Landshut Amalia of Saxony21 March 1452Landshutfour childrenJohn IV 4 October 1437 1460 1463 18 November 1463 Bavaria Munich Unmarried Son of Albert III ruled jointly with his brothers Sigismund and Albert IV Sigismund 26 July 1439 1460 1467 1 February 1501 Bavaria Munich Unmarried In 1467 Sigismund created a smaller duchy with its center in Dachau but left no descendants and this duchy was merged again in Bavaria Munich after his death 1467 1501 Bavaria DachauDefinitively annexed by Bavaria MunichGeorge I the Rich 15 August 1455 1479 1503 1 December 1503 Bavaria Landshut Hedwig of Poland14 November 1475Landshutfive children Left no male descendants at his death His duchy was annexed to Bavaria Munich which reunited the Bavarian duchy Albert IV the Wise 15 December 1447 1460 1503 18 March 1508 Bavaria Munich Kunigunde of Austria3 January 1487Munichseven children Co ruled with his brothers John IV and Sigismund Reunited the duchy in 1503 In 1506 Albert decreed that the duchy should pass according to the rules of primogeniture 1503 1508 Duchy of BavariaWilliam IV the Steadfast 13 November 1493 1508 1550 7 March 1550 Duchy of Bavaria Jakobaea of Baden5 October 1522Munichfour children Sons of Albert IV the last Bavarian pair of brothers ruling together Louis X 18 September 1495 1516 1545 22 April 1545 Duchy of Bavaria UnmarriedAlbert V the Magnanimous 29 February 1528 1550 1579 24 October 1579 Duchy of Bavaria Anna of Austria4 July 1546Regensburgseven childrenWilliam V the Pious 29 September 1548 1579 1597 7 February 1626 Duchy of Bavaria Renata of Lorraine22 February 1568Munichten childrenMaximilian I the Great 17 April 1573 1597 1651 27 September 1651 Duchy of Bavaria until 1623 Electorate of Bavaria from 1623 Elisabeth of Lorraine9 February 1595Nancyno childrenMaria Anna of Austria15 July 1635Viennatwo children Children of William V Maximilian I was an ally of Emperor Ferdinand II in the Thirty Years War When the Elector of the Palatinate Frederick V head of a senior branch of the Wittelsbachs became involved in the war against the Emperor he was stripped of his Imperial offices and the Prince elector title Maximilian I was granted the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1623 Albert VI inherited from his wife the lands of Leuchtenberg and from 1646 reorganizes them as a new Bavarian duchy the short lived Duchy of Bavaria Leuchtenberg Albert VI 26 February 1584 1646 1666 5 July 1666 Duchy of Bavaria Leuchtenberg Mechtild of Leuchtenberg 24 October 1588 1 June 1634 8 December 1650five childrenRegency of Albert VI Duke of Bavaria 1651 1654 Son of Maximilian I Ferdinand Maria 31 October 1636 1651 1679 26 May 1679 Electorate of Bavaria Henriette Adelaide of Savoy8 December 1650eight childrenMaximilian Philip Hieronymus 30 September 1638 1666 1705 20 March 1705 Duchy of Bavaria Leuchtenberg Mauricienne Febronie de La Tour d Auvergne 1652 1706 1668Chateau Thierryno children Son of Maximilian I inherited his uncle Albert VI s possessions His childless death led to the union of the Bavarian Leuchtenberg lands and the Electorate Annexed to the Electorate of BavariaRegency of Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus Duke of Bavaria Leuchtenberg 1679 1680 Took part in the War of the Spanish Succession on the side of France against Leopold I Holy Roman Emperor He was accordingly forced to flee Bavaria following the Battle of Blenheim and deprived of his Electorate on 29 April 1706 He regained his Electorate in 1714 by the Peace of Baden and ruled until 1726 Maximilian II Emanuel 11 July 1662 1679 1726 26 February 1726 Electorate of Bavaria Maria Antonia of Austria15 July 1685Viennathree childrenTheresa Kunegunda Sobieska15 August 1694Warsaw by proxy ten childrenCharles Albert 6 August 1697 1726 1745 20 January 1745 Electorate of Bavaria Maria Amalia of Austria5 October 1722Viennaseven children Took on the House of Habsburg in the War of the Austrian Succession again in combination with France succeeding so far as to be elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1742 as Charles VII However the Austrians occupied Bavaria 1742 1744 and the Emperor died shortly after returning to Munich Maximilian III Joseph the Beloved 28 March 1727 20 January 1745 30 December 1777 Electorate of Bavaria Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony9 July 1747no children As he had no children was the last of the direct Bavarian Wittelsbach line descended from Louis IV He was succeeded by the Elector of the Palatinate Charles Theodore who thereby regained their old titles for the senior Wittelsbach line descended from Louis IV s older brother Rudolf I Charles Theodore 11 December 1724 1777 1799 16 February 1799 Electorate of Bavaria merged with Electoral Palatinate Elisabeth Augusta of Palatinate Sulzbach17 January 1742Mannheimone childMaria Leopoldine of Austria Este15 February 1795Hofburg Innsbruckno children Son of John Christian Count Palatine of Sulzbach and Marie Anne Henriette Leopoldine de La Tour d Auvergne Distant cousin of Maximilian III Elector Palatine from 1743 Charles Theodore was also childless and was succeeded by a distant cousin the Count Palatine of Zweibrucken Maximilian IV Joseph later King Maximilian I Maximilian IV Joseph 27 May 1756 1799 1806 6 August 1806 Electorate of Bavaria merged with Electoral Palatinate Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse Darmstadt30 September 1785Darmstadtfive childrenCaroline of Baden9 March 1797Karlsruheeight children Son of Count Palatine Frederick Michael of Zweibrucken Distant cousin of Charles Theodore Count Palatine of Zweibrucken from 1795 In the chaos of the wars of the French Revolution the old order of the Holy Roman Empire collapsed In the course of these events Bavaria became once again the ally of France and Maximilian IV Joseph became King Maximilian I of Bavaria whilst remaining Prince Elector and Arch steward of the Holy Roman Empire until 6 August 1806 when the Holy Roman Empire was abolished Kingdom of Bavaria Edit Further information Kingdom of Bavaria In 1805 under the Peace of Pressburg between the Napoleonic France and the Holy Roman Empire several duchies were elevated to kingdoms The Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria held the title King of Bavaria from 1806 until 1918 The prince elector of Bavaria Maximilian IV Joseph formally assumed the title King Maximilian I of Bavaria on 1 January 1806 The well known so called Marchenkonig Fairy tale king Ludwig II constructed Neuschwanstein Castle Herrenchiemsee and Linderhof Palace during his reign 1864 1886 threatening not only to go bankrupt in person but also to bankrupt the country in the process In 1918 Ludwig III lost his throne in the German Revolution of 1918 1919 Name Image Title Start term End term House NoteMaximilian I King of Bavaria 1 January 1806 13 October 1825 Wittelsbach see aboveLudwig I King of Bavaria 13 October 1825 20 March 1848 Wittelsbach Son of Maximilian I Joseph Abdicated in the Revolutions of 1848Maximilian II King of Bavaria 20 March 1848 10 March 1864 Wittelsbach Son of Ludwig ILudwig II King of Bavaria 10 March 1864 13 June 1886 Wittelsbach Son of Maximilian II Ludwig II was called the Marchenkonig Fairy tale king He grudgingly acceded to Bavaria becoming a component of the German Empire in 1871 was declared insane in 1886 2 Otto King of Bavaria 13 June 1886 5 November 1913 Wittelsbach Brother of Ludwig II and son of Maximilian II From a mathematical calendrical point of view his marked the longest reign amongst the Kings of Bavaria However Otto was mentally ill since teenhood and throughout all of his later life hence the royal functions had to be carried out by the following princes regent Prince Luitpold of Bavaria 10 June 1886 12 December 1912 Prince Ludwig of Bavaria 12 December 1912 5 November 1913Ludwig III King of Bavaria 5 November 1913 13 November 1918 Wittelsbach Cousin of Otto son of Prince Luitpold and grandson of Ludwig I Prince regent from 1912 until 1913 Declared King of Bavaria following a controversial change of the constitution discharging his cousin Otto from office Lost the throne in the German Revolution of 1918 1919 at the end of World War I Marks the end of 738 years of uninterrupted Wittelsbach rule over Bavaria Post monarchy Edit Main article List of Ministers President of Bavaria In 1918 at the end of the First World War in the German Revolution of 1918 1919 Bavaria became a democratic republic within the Weimar Republic the name for the period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 Since then the rulers of Bavaria have been minister presidents Family tree EditNote that Dukes called Louis are usually numbered from Louis the Kelheimer r 1189 1231 although four Dukes of Bavaria had been called Louis before that The same applies to Dukes called Otto who are sometimes renumbered starting with Otto III the first Wittelsbach Duke of Bavaria The highest number has been used in this chart to minimise confusion with one exception Ludwig is the German for Louis but Kings Ludwig I II and III are not numbered XV XVI and XVII The colours denote the Dukes Electors and Kings over the following regions of Bavaria and under the following circumstances Dukes of Bavaria Regents and pretenders to the Bavarian throne Dukes of Lower Bavaria Dukes of Upper Bavaria Dukes of Bavaria Lanshut Dukes of Bavaria Ingolstadt Dukes of Bavaria Munich Dukes of Bavaria Munich Dachau Dukes of Bavaria Straubing Dukes of Bavaria Straubing disputed AGILOLFINGGaribald I540 555 591Waldradaof Neustria531 572Tassilo I560 591 610Romildaof Friulidied 611Gisulf IIof Friuli545 611Garibald II565 610 625Geilaof FriuliIrminaof Orendied c 707PfalzgrafHugobertdied 697CAROLINGIANBertradaof Prum670 721Theodo IuncertainAlpaidac 654 714Pepin ofHerstal635 714Plectrudedied 718Caribertof Laondied c 762Theodo II625 680 716AHALOLFINGunknowndaughterGodfrey ofAlemanniac 650 709Grimoald 716 725Biltrudefl 725Theobald 711 717Tassilo II 716 719Theodebert685 702 719Regintrudc 663 735Huoching ofAlemanniac 675 744Desideriusof the Lombardsdied 786Rotrudeof Hesbayedied 724CharlesMartel688 741Swanachildfl 726Hugbertr 725 736Hnabi ofAlemannia710 789Odilo 736 748Hiltrude ofthe Franks716 754Bertradaof Laonc 718 783Pepinthe Short714 768Grifo726 748 748 753UDALRICHINGEmma ofAlemanniadied c 789Gerold725 794 799Tassilo III741 748 788 796Liutberga ofthe Lombardsfl 763Hildegardof Vinzgau754 783Charles Ithe Great748 788 794 799 814Desiderataof the Lombardsfl 770Welf theElderdied c 825Ermengardeof Hesbaye778 818Louis Ithe Pious778 817 829 840Judithof Bavaria797 843Eticho ofAmmergau great grandson of Welf the Elder Counrad Iof Auxerredied 864Lothair795 814 817 855Louis IIthe German810 817 865 876Emma ofAltdorf803 876Gisela ofthe Franksc 821 870Eberhardof Friuli815 867Charlesthe Bald823 877Ermentrudeof Orleans823 869Engeldeor 890 895Henry of theGolden WagonConrad II ofTransjuraneBurgundydied 876Louis IIIthe Younger835 880 882Charles IIthe Fat839 882 887 888Carloman828 864 880LiutswindErnest ofthe NordgauGiselaof SwabiaUruoch IIIof Friuli840 874Ansgarde ofBurgundydied c 881Louis IIof France836 879Adelaideof Paris853 901Berengar Iof Italy845 924Rudolf Iof AltdorfLUITPOLDINGRudolf I ofBurgundy859 912Guilla ofProvencedied c 924Ota of theHessengauc 874 901Arnulf I850 887 899Leopold Ir 899 907Cunigundeof Swabia878 918Eberhard ofthe Sulichgaudied c 889Ermentrudeof Franceborn c 875Charlesthe Simple879 929Matilda ofRingelheim892 988Giselaof Friuli876 913Albert Iof Ivreadied c 829Rudolf IIof Altdorfdied c 990OTTONIANARDENNERudolf II ofBurgundy880 937Berthaof Swabia907 966Henry theFowler876 936Louis IVthe Child893 899 911Judithof Friuliborn c 888Arnulf IIthe Badr 907 937Berthold900 938 947Wiltrudeof BergenCunigundeof Francec 893 923Wigeric ofLotharingiadied c 923Berengar IIof Italydied 966Louis IVof France921 954Gerbergaof Saxony913 968Welf II ofAltdorfdied 1030Adelaideof Italy931 999Otto I Holy RomanEmperor912 973Edith ofEngland910 946Henry I919 948 955Judith ofBavaria925 985Eberhardr 937 938Henry IIIthe Younger940 983 985 989Hedwig ofthe Nordgau922 993Sigfried ofthe Ardennes922 998Adelaideof BellayConrad I ofBurgundy925 993Matildaof France943 982SALIANESTELiudolfof Swabia930 957Liutgardeof Saxony932 953Conrad ofLorraine922 955Henry IIthe Quarreller951 955 976 985 995Gisela ofBurgundy955 1007Adalbertof Italy932 971Hermann IIof Swabiadied 1003Gerberga ofBurgundy966 1018Albert Azzo IIof Milan1009 1097Cunigundeof Altdorfc 1020 1054Otto I954 976 982Otto ofCarinthiadied 1004Henry IV973 995 1004 1009 1017 1024Cunigunde ofLuxembourg975 1040Henry V 1004 1009 1017 1026Sigfried Iof NordheimFrederick ofLuxembourg965 1019Ermentrudeof GielbergLiutgarde ofLuxembourg955 c 1005Theophanoof Rome955 991Otto II Holy RomanEmperor955 983Henry ofSpeyerdied c 992Adelaideof Metz970 1046Otto William ofBurgundy958 1026Bernard Iof NordheimHenry VIIr 1042 1047Dirk IIIof Holland982 1039Judith ofFlandersc 1033 1095Welf Ic 1037 1070 1077 1096 1101EZZONENMatilda ofGermany979 1025Ezzo ofLotharingia955 1034Conrad II Holy RomanEmperor990 1032Giselaof Swabia990 1043William V ofAquitaine969 1030Agnes ofBurgundydied 1068Otto IIof Nordheim1020 1061 1070 1083Richenzaof Swabiac 1025 1083Swanhildeof HollandMatildaof Tuscany1046 1115Liudolf ofLotharingia1000 1031Henry VIthe Black1016 1026 1042 1056Agnes ofPoitou1025 1077Henry ofFrisiac 1055 1101Gertrude ofBrunswickc 1060 1117Arnold Iof Loonc 1050 c 1130Wulfhildeof Saxony1072 1116Henry IXthe Black1075 1120 1126Welf IIthe Fat1072 1101 1120Conrad Ic 1020 1049 1053 1055Conrad II1052 1054 1055Henry VIII1050 1053 1054 1055 1061 1077 1096 1106Berthaof Savoy1051 1087Arnold IIof Loondied 1146Richenzaof Nordheimc 1088 1141Lothair III Holy RomanEmperor1075 1137BabenbergFrederick Iof Swabiac 1050 1105Agnes ofWaiblingenc 1072 1143Leopold IIIof Austria1073 1136Agnes ofSaarbruckenFrederick IIof Swabia1090 1147Frederick IIIof PettendorfHeilikaof SwabiaLeopold IIthe Generous1108 1139 1141Henry XIJasomirgott1112 1141 1156 1177Gertrude ofSupplingenburg1115 1143Henry Xthe Proud1108 1126 1138 1139WITTELSBACHHeilika ofPettendorf Lengenfeldc 1103 1170Otto IV ofWittelsbach1083 1156Agnesof Metzc 1114 1177Louis Iof Loonc 1107 1171Conrad of thePalatinatec 1135 1195Matildaof England1156 1189Henry XIIthe Lion1129 1156 1180 1195Berthold Iof Istriac 1116 1188Otto IIIthe Redhead1117 1180 1183Agnesof Loon1150 1191regent1183 1191Agnes ofHohenstaufen1176 1204Henry V of thePalatinate1173 1127Hedwig ofWittelsbachLouis Vthe Kelheimer1173 1189 1231Ludmillaof Bohemiadied 1240HABSBURGRichardisof BavariaCunigundeof Andechs MeraniaGertrudeof Merania1185 1213Andrew IIof Hungary1177 1235Otto IVthe Illustrious1206 1231 1253Agnes of thePalatinate1201 1267Rudolf I Holy RomanEmperor1218 1291Gertrude ofHohenburgc 1225 1281Matilda ofGueldersHildegundeof EbersteinBela IV ofHungary1206 1270MariaLaskarinac 1206 1270Louis VI1229 1253 1294Matilda ofHabsburg1253 1304regent1294 1296Judith ofHabsburg1271 1297Albert Iof Germany1255 1308Walram IIof Nassauc 1220 1276Adelheid ofKatzenelnbogenElizabethof Hungary1236 1271Henry XIII1235 1253 1290Elizabethof Bohemia1292 1330Albert IIof Austria1298 1358Adolf ofGermanyc 1255 1208AgnesPiastOtto V1261 1290 1312Louis VII1269 1290 1296Judith ofJawor andSchweidnitz1287 1320Stephen I1271 1290 1310Beatriceof Jawor andSchweidnitzLouis VIII1282 1340 1347Upper Bavaria1301 1340Margaret II Countess of Hainaut1290 1322Margaretof Bohemia1296 1322Albert IIIof Austria1349 1395Mechtildof Nassauc 1280 1323Rudolfthe Stammerer1274 1294 1317 1319Henry XVof Nattenberg1312 1312 1331Otto VI1307 1312 1334Henry XIVthe Elder1305 1312 1339Margaretof Bohemia1313 1341William Ithe Mad1330 1353 1389Lower Bavaria1347 1353Otto VIIthe Lazy1341 1375 1379Upper Bavaria1347 1351Louis Iof Brzeg1321 1398Adolf of thePalatinate1300 1327MargaretMaultaschof Tyrol1318 1369Louis IXof Brandenburg1315 1347 1361BarnaboVisconti1321 1385Stephen II1319 1353 1375Lower Bavaria1347 1353Elisabethof Sicily1309 1349John Ithe Child1329 1339 1340Anna ofBavaria1326 1361Louis Xthe Roman1328 1347 1353 1365Albert I1336 1353 1404Lower Bavaria1347 1353Margaretof Brzeg1342 1386Albert IVof Austria1377 1404Rupert II of thePalatinate1325 1398Meinhard1344 1361 1363TaddeaVisconti1351 1381Stephen III1337 1392 1413Landshut1375 1392John II1341 1392 1397Landshut1375 1392Catherineof Goriziadied 1391Frederick1339 1375 1393MaddalenaVisconti1366 1404John IIIthe Pitilessdisputed1374 1417 1425William II1365 1404 1417Margaretof Burgundy1374 1441ViridisVisconti1352 1414Leopold IIIof Austria1351 1386Stephen ofSimmern Zweibrucken1385 1459Anna of thePalatinate1346 1415Rupert of thePalatinate1352 1410Anne ofBourbon andLa Marche1380 1408Louis XIthe Bearded1368 1413 1443 1447ElisabethVisconti1372 1432Ernest1373 1397 1438William III1375 1397 1435Henry XVIthe Rich1386 1393 1450Margaretof Austria1395 1447Jacquelinedisputed1401 1417 1432 1436Ernestthe Ironof Austria1377 1424Louis I ofZweibrucken1424 1489Jeanneof Croy1435 1504Louis III of thePalatinate1378 1436Louis XIIthe Hunchback1403 1443 1445Anna ofBrunswick Grubenhagen1414 1474Albert IIIthe Pious1401 1438 1460Eleanor ofPortugal1434 1467Frederick III Holy RomanEmperor1415 1493Margaretof Austria1416 1486Alexander ofZweibrucken1462 1514Philip Iof Hesse1504 1567Louis IV of thePalatinate1424 1449Margaretof Bavaria1442 1479John IV1437 1460 1463Sigismund1439 1467 1501Munich1460 1467Albert IV1447 1503 1508Munich1467 1503Kunigundeof Austria1465 1520Louis XIIIthe Rich1417 1450 1479Amaliaof Saxony1436 1501Louis II ofZweibrucken1502 1532Elisabethof Hesse1503 1563ClaraGonzaga1464 1503Philip of thePalatinate1448 1508Louis XIV1495 1508 1545Maximilian I Holy RomanEmperor1459 1519Georgethe Rich1455 1479 1503Wolfgang ofZweibrucken1526 1569Anna ofHesse1529 1591Renee ofBourbon1494 1593Antoineof Lorraine1489 1 1544Elisabeth ofthe Palatinate1483 1522Philip Iof Castile1478 1506Isabellaof Austria1501 1526Maria Jacobeaof Baden Sponheim1507 1580William IVthe Steadfast1493 1508 1550Ferdinand I Holy RomanEmperor1503 1564Charles V Holy RomanEmperor1500 1558William Iof Julich Cleves Berg1516 1592Maria ofAustria1531 1581Francis Iof Lorraine1517 1545Christinaof Denmark1521 1590Albert Vthe Magnanimous1528 1550 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