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As the youngest son of three, John was destined for a career in the church. At the age of 15, he became Prince-Bishop of Liège, with the support of Pope Boniface IX. John's rule was a disaster. His authoritarian style clashed with the nobles and burghers of the Prince-Bishopric. He was expelled several times and saw even a counter-bishop being elected. John turned for help to his brother and brother-in-law.
On 23 September 1408, a Burgundian army led by his brother-in-law John the Fearless went to the aid of John III against the citizens of Liège, who were in open revolt. During the battle just outside the village of Othee, a battle was fought which saw the men from Liège being decisively defeated. This led to the bishopric of Liège becoming a protectorate of Burgundy. John ordered the beheading of suspicious burghers and noblemen in Liège, while others were drowned in the Meuse, from then on he was called "the Pitiless".[citation needed]
Duke and countedit
When his brother died in 1417 and was succeeded by his daughter Jacqueline as countess of Holland and Hainaut, John the Pitiless rejected holy orders and surrendered his bishopric. In 1418, John III married Elisabeth, Duchess of Luxembourg, who was then the widow of Antoine, Duke of Brabant. No children came from this marriage.
With the aid of Emperor Sigismund, who was his wife's uncle, John III immediately started a war against his niece Jacqueline and her husband Duke John IV of Brabant. John the Pitiless supported the city of Dordrecht and Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy. A siege of Dordrecht in 1419 was unsuccessful, so John IV of Brabant agreed to start a joint administration with John III. Jacqueline, as a woman, did not get a share in the political responsibility. John IV of Brabant finally gave up Holland and Hainaut and left the rule to John the Pitiless. Jacqueline went to England in 1421 and married the king's brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester.[1] She was unable to retain control over Holland and Hainaut much longer after John's death.
Death and legacyedit
John the Pitiless was known for the rich culture of his court; Jan van Eyck was among the artists he engaged, from at least 1422 until 1424. John the Pitiless died of poison in 1425 in The Hague. His Court Marshal Jan van Vliet had allegedly poisoned the pages of the ducal prayer-book, and had already been executed in 1424. Bavaria-Straubing was divided between the dukes of Bavaria, the major portion of which went to Bavaria-Munich.
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German February 2024 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the German article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 9 127 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Johann III Bayern see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated de Johann III Bayern to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources John III Duke of Bavaria news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2009 Learn how and when to remove this message John III the Pitiless 1374 1425 of the House of Wittelsbach was first bishop of Liege 1389 1418 and then duke of Bavaria Straubing and count of Holland and Hainaut 1418 1425 Seal of John III Contents 1 Family 2 Bishop 3 Duke and count 4 Death and legacy 5 Ancestry 6 See also 7 ReferencesFamily edit nbsp Holland gold florin or Beiersgulden with St John the Baptist struck 1421 1422 by John of Bavaria John was born in Le Quesnoy He was the youngest son of Duke Albert I of Bavaria and Margaret of Brieg His elder brother was William II who succeeded their father as count of Holland Zeeland and Hainault in 1404 His sister Margaret married in 1385 Duke John the Fearless of Burgundy Bishop editAs the youngest son of three John was destined for a career in the church At the age of 15 he became Prince Bishop of Liege with the support of Pope Boniface IX John s rule was a disaster His authoritarian style clashed with the nobles and burghers of the Prince Bishopric He was expelled several times and saw even a counter bishop being elected John turned for help to his brother and brother in law On 23 September 1408 a Burgundian army led by his brother in law John the Fearless went to the aid of John III against the citizens of Liege who were in open revolt During the battle just outside the village of Othee a battle was fought which saw the men from Liege being decisively defeated This led to the bishopric of Liege becoming a protectorate of Burgundy John ordered the beheading of suspicious burghers and noblemen in Liege while others were drowned in the Meuse from then on he was called the Pitiless citation needed Duke and count editWhen his brother died in 1417 and was succeeded by his daughter Jacqueline as countess of Holland and Hainaut John the Pitiless rejected holy orders and surrendered his bishopric In 1418 John III married Elisabeth Duchess of Luxembourg who was then the widow of Antoine Duke of Brabant No children came from this marriage With the aid of Emperor Sigismund who was his wife s uncle John III immediately started a war against his niece Jacqueline and her husband Duke John IV of Brabant John the Pitiless supported the city of Dordrecht and Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy A siege of Dordrecht in 1419 was unsuccessful so John IV of Brabant agreed to start a joint administration with John III Jacqueline as a woman did not get a share in the political responsibility John IV of Brabant finally gave up Holland and Hainaut and left the rule to John the Pitiless Jacqueline went to England in 1421 and married the king s brother Humphrey Duke of Gloucester 1 She was unable to retain control over Holland and Hainaut much longer after John s death Death and legacy editJohn the Pitiless was known for the rich culture of his court Jan van Eyck was among the artists he engaged from at least 1422 until 1424 John the Pitiless died of poison in 1425 in The Hague His Court Marshal Jan van Vliet had allegedly poisoned the pages of the ducal prayer book and had already been executed in 1424 Bavaria Straubing was divided between the dukes of Bavaria the major portion of which went to Bavaria Munich Ancestry editAncestors of John III Duke of Bavaria16 Otto II Duke of Bavaria 1206 1253 8 Louis II of Bavaria 1229 1294 17 Agnes of the Palatinate 1201 1267 4 Louis IV Holy Roman Emperor 1282 1347 18 Rudolf I of Germany 1219 1291 9 Matilda of Habsburg 1253 1304 19 Gertrude of Hohenberg c 1225 1281 2 Albert I Duke of Bavaria 1336 1404 20 John II Count of Hainaut 1247 1304 10 William I Count of Hainaut c 1286 1337 21 Philippa of Luxembourg 1252 1311 5 Margaret Countess of Hainaut 1311 1356 22 Charles Count of Valois 1270 1325 11 Joan of Valois c 1294 1352 23 Margaret Countess of Anjou 1272 1299 1 John III Duke of Bavaria24 Henry V Duke of Legnica c 1248 1296 12 Boleslaw III the Generous 1291 1352 25 Elisabeth of Greater Poland c 1259 1304 6 Ludwik I the Fair c 1321 1398 26 Wenceslaus II of Bohemia 1271 1305 13 Margaret of Bohemia 1296 1322 27 Judith of Habsburg 1271 1297 3 Margaret of Brieg 1342 1386 28 Henry III Duke of Glogow 1251 60 1310 14 Henry IV the Faithful c 1292 1342 29 Matilda of Brunswick Luneburg 1276 1318 7 Agnes of Glogau c 1321 1362 30 Herman Margrave of Brandenburg Salzwedel c 1275 1308 15 Matilde of Brandenburg c 1296 c 1329 31 Anne of Austria Margravine of Brandenburg 1280 1327 See also editCounts of Hainaut family treeReferences edit Alfred H Burne The Hundred Years War 1st ed 1955 Folio Society 2005 371 2 John of Bavaria HainautHouse of WittelsbachBorn 1374 in Le Quesnoy Died 6 January 1425 in The Hague Preceded byArnold of Horne Prince Bishop of Liege1389 1418 Succeeded byJohn of Wallenrode Preceded byJacqueline Duke of Bavaria Straubing1417 1425 Succeeded byErnest Count of Holland and Zeeland1420 1425 Succeeded byJacqueline Preceded byElisabeth Duke of Luxemburg1418 1425 With Elisabeth Succeeded byElisabeth Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title John III Duke of Bavaria amp oldid 1208841950, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
