The presidential elections are held every five years. The president is elected for a term of office of five years and is eligible for one re-election. There's an exception when a president's second term ends prematurely through a decision of the Parliament. In this case, the president can be re-elected for a third term.
To put forward a referendum regarding constitutional amendments, a supermajority (three fifths of the votes) in the parliament is required first. These kinds of referendums are binding.
The constitutional referendum of 2017 enhanced the powers of the president, and since 2018, the focus has shifted from parliamentary to the presidential elections.[1]
The Turkish administrative system defines three different district types for local elections: villages, cities and metropolitan cities. The difference between cities and metropolitan cities derives from the size of the population. Cities with more than 750,000 residents are labeled as metropolitan cities while the rest are simply called cities. There are 31 metropolitan cities and 50 cities across Turkey, and voters in both will have a total of four votes. Citizens have the opportunity to vote for the following offices, depending on the type of area they reside:[3]
If too many seats become vacant in the parliament or if elections in a district is not properly conducted, then a by-election is required to take place.
The voter turnout for the average of 18 parliamentary election is 81.4%; of the local elections is 78.7% and of the referendums is 83.1%. Turkey relatively has a high voter turnout rate comparing to modern democracies. The participation rate in Turkey is also higher than the participation rates in countries where compulsory voting is loosely applied. With the exception of 1960–1970, voter turnout rate in Turkey is above the world average from 1950 to the present in Turkey.[4]
Voter turnout at parliamentary elections [1950-2023]
^Carkoglu, Ali (2022). "Chapter 21: Election Law in Turkey". In Schultz, Toplak (ed.). Routledge Handbook of Election Law. Routledge. pp. 247–256. ISBN9781138393363.
^. Archived from the original on 2015-06-09. Retrieved 2015-06-07.
^"Seven facts to know about Turkey's local elections". 29 March 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
^Çaylak, Adem (25 October 2017). "Voter turnout in Turkey: a cross-national comparison". Journal of International Social Research. 10 (52): 352–351. doi:10.17719/jisr.2017.1897. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
External linksedit
Elections in Turkey - Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
Supreme Election Council
February 16, 2024
elections, turkey, held, functions, government, presidential, elections, national, parliamentary, elections, national, municipality, mayors, local, district, mayors, local, provincial, municipal, council, members, local, muhtars, local, apart, from, elections,. Elections in Turkey are held for six functions of government presidential elections national parliamentary elections national municipality mayors local district mayors local provincial or municipal council members local and muhtars local Apart from elections referendums are also held occasionally Scene inside a polling station during the Turkish general election of 2015 a voter election officials and a standard transparent ballot box The parliamentary elections are held every five years The Parliament Meclis has 600 members elected for a five year term by a system based on closed list proportional representation according to the D Hondt method Political parties are subject to an electoral threshold of 7 Smaller parties can avoid the electoral threshold by forming an alliance with bigger parties in which it is sufficient that total votes of the alliance passes the 7 Independent candidates are not subject to electoral threshold The presidential elections are held every five years The president is elected for a term of office of five years and is eligible for one re election There s an exception when a president s second term ends prematurely through a decision of the Parliament In this case the president can be re elected for a third term To put forward a referendum regarding constitutional amendments a supermajority three fifths of the votes in the parliament is required first These kinds of referendums are binding Turkey has a multi party system with two or three strong parties and often a fourth party that is electorally successful Since 1950 parliamentary politics has mainly been dominated by conservative parties Even the ruling Justice and Development Party AKP tends to identify itself with the tradition of Democrat Party DP While on the left side of the spectrum parties like Republican People s Party CHP Social Democratic Populist Party SHP and Democratic Left Party DSP have enjoyed the largest electoral success The constitutional referendum of 2017 enhanced the powers of the president and since 2018 the focus has shifted from parliamentary to the presidential elections 1 Contents 1 Schedule 2 List of elections 2 1 Presidential elections 2 2 Parliamentary elections 2 3 Senate elections 1961 80 2 4 Local elections 2 5 By elections 2 6 Referendums 3 Voter turnout 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksSchedule editPast Future2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028Constitutionalreferendum General Parliamentary amp Presidential Local None None None General Parliamentary amp Presidential Local None None None General Parliamentary amp Presidential Bold latest elections italic upcoming electionsList of elections editPresidential elections edit Main article Turkish presidential elections Date Election Notes29 October 1923 1923 Turkish presidential election Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was elected founding president 1 November 1927 1927 Turkish presidential election Mustafa Kemal Ataturk re elected4 May 1931 1931 Turkish presidential election Mustafa Kemal Ataturk re elected1 March 1935 1935 Turkish presidential election Mustafa Kemal Ataturk re elected11 November 1938 1938 Turkish presidential election Ismet Inonu succeeded Mustafa Kemal Ataturk3 April 1939 1939 Turkish presidential election Ismet Inonu re elected8 March 1943 1943 Turkish presidential election Ismet Inonu re elected5 June 1946 1946 Turkish presidential election Ismet Inonu re elected22 May 1950 1950 Turkish presidential election Celal Bayar succeeded Ismet Inonu14 May 1954 1954 Turkish presidential election Celal Bayar re elected1 November 1957 1957 Turkish presidential election Celal Bayar re elected26 October 1961 1961 Turkish presidential election After the 1961 coup Cemal Gursel was elected president 28 March 1966 1966 Turkish presidential election Cevdet Sunay succeeded Cemal Gursel6 April 1973 1973 Turkish presidential election Fahri Koruturk succeeded Cevdet Sunay12 March 1980 1980 Turkish presidential election Parties failed to elect a president 1980 coup d etat ensued31 October 1989 1989 Turkish presidential election Turgut Ozal succeeded Kenan Evren16 May 1993 1993 Turkish presidential election Suleyman Demirel succeeded Turgut Ozal5 May 2000 2000 Turkish presidential election Ahmet Necdet Sezer succeeded Suleyman Demirel28 August 2007 2007 Turkish presidential election Abdullah Gul succeeded Ahmet Necdet Sezer10 August 2014 2014 Turkish presidential election Recep Tayyip Erdogan succeeded Abdullah Gul24 June 2018 2018 Turkish presidential election Recep Tayyip Erdogan re elected28 May 2023 2023 Turkish presidential election Recep Tayyip Erdogan re electedParliamentary elections edit Main article Parliamentary elections in Turkey The following sections give list of key results 2 At first Turkey had a unicameral legislature with the main chamber being the Grand National Assembly of Turkey This lasted until 1961 when the new Constitution of 1961 replaced the previous unicameral one house system with a bicameral two house one The Grand National Assembly was downgraded to the position of the lower house whilst the newly founded Senate of the Republic became the upper house However the constitution of 1982 abolished the Senate and Turkey once again adopted a unicameral system Date Election21 July 1946 1946 Turkish general election14 May 1950 1950 Turkish general election2 May 1954 1954 Turkish general election27 October 1957 1957 Turkish general election15 October 1961 1961 Turkish general election10 October 1965 1965 Turkish general election12 October 1969 1969 Turkish general election14 October 1973 1973 Turkish general election5 June 1977 1977 Turkish general election6 November 1983 1983 Turkish general election29 October 1987 1987 Turkish general election20 October 1991 1991 Turkish general election25 December 1995 1995 Turkish general election18 April 1999 1999 Turkish general election3 November 2002 2002 Turkish general election22 July 2007 2007 Turkish general election12 June 2011 2011 Turkish general election7 June 2015 2015 Turkish general election Jun 1 November 2015 2015 Turkish general election Nov 24 June 2018 2018 Turkish general election14 May 2023 2023 Turkish general electionSenate elections 1961 80 edit Date Election15 October 1961 1961 Turkish senate elections7 June 1964 1964 Turkish senate elections5 June 1966 1966 Turkish senate elections2 June 1968 1968 Turkish senate elections14 October 1973 1973 Turkish senate elections12 October 1975 1975 Turkish senate elections7 June 1977 1977 Turkish senate elections14 October 1979 1979 Turkish senate electionsLocal elections edit The Turkish administrative system defines three different district types for local elections villages cities and metropolitan cities The difference between cities and metropolitan cities derives from the size of the population Cities with more than 750 000 residents are labeled as metropolitan cities while the rest are simply called cities There are 31 metropolitan cities and 50 cities across Turkey and voters in both will have a total of four votes Citizens have the opportunity to vote for the following offices depending on the type of area they reside 3 People living in metropolitan cities Metropolitan municipality mayor District mayor Municipal council members Muhtar People living in cities Mayor Municipal council members Provincial assembly members Muhtar People living in villages Provincial assembly members Muhtar The following is a summary of the past local elections 1930 Turkish local elections CHP 502 municipalities SCF 40 municipalities 1934 Turkish local elections 1938 Turkish local elections 1942 Turkish local elections 1946 Turkish local elections CHP 54 65 DP 43 35 1950 Turkish local elections September 3 1950 DP 560 municipalities CHP 40 municipalities 1955 Turkish local elections 1963 Turkish local elections November 17 1963 AP 45 48 CHP 36 22 YTP 6 51 MP 3 09 CKMP 3 06 TIP 0 4 others 1968 Turkish local elections June 2 1968 AP 49 06 CHP 27 9 GP 6 62 MP 3 5 TIP 2 72 BP 1 64 others 1973 Turkish local elections December 9 1973 CHP 37 09 AP 32 32 DP 10 75 MSP 6 2 CGP 2 9 MHP 1 33 others 1977 Turkish local elections December 11 1977 CHP 41 73 AP 37 1 MSP 6 91 MHP 6 62 DP 1 0 others 1984 Turkish local elections March 25 1984 ANAP 41 52 SODEP 23 35 DYP 13 25 HP 8 76 MDP 7 09 RP 4 4 Independent 1 63 1989 Turkish local elections March 26 1989 SHP 28 69 DYP 25 13 ANAP 21 8 RP 9 8 DSP 9 03 MHP 4 14 others 1994 Turkish local elections March 27 1994 DYP 21 41 ANAP 21 09 RP 19 14 SHP 13 53 DSP 8 75 MHP 7 95 CHP 4 61 others 1999 Turkish local elections April 18 1999 DSP 18 7 MHP 17 17 FP 16 48 ANAP 15 03 DYP 13 21 CHP 11 08 others 2004 Turkish local elections March 28 2004 AKP 41 6 CHP 18 2 MHP 10 4 DYP 9 9 2009 Turkish local elections March 22 2009 AKP 38 99 CHP 23 23 MHP 16 13 others 2014 Turkish local elections March 30 2014 AKP 43 31 CHP 25 59 MHP 17 63 others 2019 Turkish local elections March 31 2019 AKP 44 32 CHP 30 10 IYI 7 45 othersBy elections edit If too many seats become vacant in the parliament or if elections in a district is not properly conducted then a by election is required to take place 1936 Turkish parliamentary by elections 1945 Turkish parliamentary by elections 1947 Turkish parliamentary by elections 1948 Turkish parliamentary by elections 1949 Turkish parliamentary by elections 1951 Turkish parliamentary by elections 1966 Turkish parliamentary by elections 1968 Turkish parliamentary by elections 1975 Turkish parliamentary by elections 1979 Turkish parliamentary by elections 1986 Turkish parliamentary by elections 2003 Turkish parliamentary by electionsReferendums edit Main article Referendums in Turkey Date Referendum9 July 1961 1961 Turkish constitutional referendum7 November 1982 1982 Turkish constitutional referendum6 September 1987 1987 Turkish constitutional referendum25 September 1988 1988 Turkish constitutional referendum21 October 2007 2007 Turkish constitutional referendum12 September 2010 2010 Turkish constitutional referendum16 April 2017 2017 Turkish constitutional referendumVoter turnout editThe voter turnout for the average of 18 parliamentary election is 81 4 of the local elections is 78 7 and of the referendums is 83 1 Turkey relatively has a high voter turnout rate comparing to modern democracies The participation rate in Turkey is also higher than the participation rates in countries where compulsory voting is loosely applied With the exception of 1960 1970 voter turnout rate in Turkey is above the world average from 1950 to the present in Turkey 4 Voter turnout at parliamentary elections 1950 2023 1950 1954 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2002 2007 2011 2015 2018 202389 3 88 6 76 6 81 4 71 3 64 3 66 8 72 4 92 3 93 3 83 9 85 2 87 1 79 1 84 2 83 2 85 2 86 2 87 1 See also editElectoral cycle of Turkey List of cabinets of Turkey Multi party period of the Republic of Turkey Parliamentary terms of Turkey Government of Turkey Electoral calendar Electoral systemReferences edit Carkoglu Ali 2022 Chapter 21 Election Law in Turkey In Schultz Toplak ed Routledge Handbook of Election Law Routledge pp 247 256 ISBN 9781138393363 Turkiye 2015 Genel Secim Sonuclari Archived from the original on 2015 06 09 Retrieved 2015 06 07 Seven facts to know about Turkey s local elections 29 March 2019 Retrieved 30 April 2021 Caylak Adem 25 October 2017 Voter turnout in Turkey a cross national comparison Journal of International Social Research 10 52 352 351 doi 10 17719 jisr 2017 1897 Retrieved 30 April 2021 External links editElections in Turkey Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe OSCE Supreme Election Council Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Elections in Turkey amp oldid 1206312740, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
