Though it is formally classified as P. t. schweinfurthii, Colin Groves of the Australian National University argues that there is enough variation between the northern and southern populations of this population of chimpanzees to be split into two subspecies instead of one; the northern population as P. t. schweinfurthii and the southern population as P. t. marungensis.[3]
Threats and conservationedit
The 2007 IUCN Red List classified them as Endangered.[2] Although the common chimpanzee is the most abundant and widespread of the non-human great apes, recent declines in East Africa are expected to continue due to hunting and loss of habitat. Because chimpanzees and humans are physiologically very similar, chimpanzees succumb to many diseases that afflict humans.[4] If not properly managed, research and tourism also present a risk of disease transmission between humans and chimpanzees. This subspecies has been extensively studied by Dr. Jane Goodall at Gombe Stream National Park.[4]
Physical descriptionedit
Adult chimpanzees in the wild weigh between 40 and 65 kilograms (88 and 143 pounds). Males can measure up to 145 centimetres (57 inches) and females up to 120 centimetres (47 inches) in height. The chimpanzee's body is covered with coarse black hair, except for the face, fingers, toes, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet. Both of its thumbs and its big toes are opposable, allowing a precision grip. Like most chimpanzee populations, the eastern chimpanzees have amber to brown irises and dark sclerae.
Habitatedit
A nest on a tree where chimpanzees sleep overnight
The chimpanzee spends time both in trees and on the ground, but usually sleeps in a[clarification needed] tree, where it builds a nest for the night. They once inhabited most of this region, but their habitat has been dramatically reduced in recent years.
Behaviour and ecologyedit
A group of chimpanzees grooming
Chimpanzees live in communities of typically 20 to more than 150 members, but spend most of their time traveling in small parties of just a few individuals. The eastern chimpanzee is both arboreal and terrestrial and rests in trees at night, but spends the day on the ground.[5]
Chimpanzees walk using the soles of their feet and their knuckles, and they can walk upright for short distances. They are 'knuckle walkers'.[5]
When confronted by a predator, chimpanzees will react with loud screams and use any object they can get against the threat. The leopard is the chimpanzee's main natural predator, but they have also fallen prey to lions.[6]
Chimpanzees are omnivorous and eat seeds, fruits, honey, leaves, bark, fungi, insects such as termites, ants and small prey such as birds and monkeys. They often use a twig as a tool to reach termites or ants in nests and have been seen using sticks to hunt other small mammals. There are also instances of organized hunting. In some cases, such as the killing of leopard cubs, this primarily seems to be a protective effort, since the leopard is the main natural predator of the common chimpanzee. Isolated cases of cannibalism have also been documented.[citation needed]
^Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 183. ISBN0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
^ abcPlumptre, A.; Hart, J.A.; Hicks, T.C.; Nixon, S.; Piel, A.K. & Pintea, L. (2016). "Pan troglodytes ssp. schweinfurthii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15937A102329417.
^ abJanssen, E.; Janssen, P. (2006). "Chimpanzee fact file". African Wildlife Foundation. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
^Boesch, C. (1991). (PDF). Behaviour. 1991. 117 (3): 221–242. doi:10.1163/156853991x00544. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-14. Retrieved 2012-03-02.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii.
Chimpanzee Genome resources
Primate Info Net Pan troglodytes Factsheets
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Species Profile
New Scientist 19 May 2003 - Chimps are human, gene study implies
Video clips and news from the BBC (BBC Wildlife Finder)
December 15, 2023
eastern, chimpanzee, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, march,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Eastern chimpanzee news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2012 Learn how and when to remove this template message The eastern chimpanzee Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii is a subspecies of the common chimpanzee It is native to the Central African Republic South Sudan the Democratic Republic of the Congo Uganda Rwanda Burundi and Tanzania 2 Eastern chimpanzeeA mother with a young at Gombe Stream National Park TanzaniaConservation statusEndangered IUCN 3 1 2 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder PrimatesSuborder HaplorhiniInfraorder SimiiformesFamily HominidaeSubfamily HomininaeTribe HomininiGenus PanSpecies P troglodytesSubspecies P t schweinfurthii 1 Trinomial namePan troglodytes schweinfurthii 1 Giglioli 1872 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Threats and conservation 3 Physical description 4 Habitat 5 Behaviour and ecology 5 1 Diet 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksTaxonomy editThough it is formally classified as P t schweinfurthii Colin Groves of the Australian National University argues that there is enough variation between the northern and southern populations of this population of chimpanzees to be split into two subspecies instead of one the northern population as P t schweinfurthii and the southern population as P t marungensis 3 Threats and conservation editThe 2007 IUCN Red List classified them as Endangered 2 Although the common chimpanzee is the most abundant and widespread of the non human great apes recent declines in East Africa are expected to continue due to hunting and loss of habitat Because chimpanzees and humans are physiologically very similar chimpanzees succumb to many diseases that afflict humans 4 If not properly managed research and tourism also present a risk of disease transmission between humans and chimpanzees This subspecies has been extensively studied by Dr Jane Goodall at Gombe Stream National Park 4 Physical description editAdult chimpanzees in the wild weigh between 40 and 65 kilograms 88 and 143 pounds Males can measure up to 145 centimetres 57 inches and females up to 120 centimetres 47 inches in height The chimpanzee s body is covered with coarse black hair except for the face fingers toes palms of the hands and soles of the feet Both of its thumbs and its big toes are opposable allowing a precision grip Like most chimpanzee populations the eastern chimpanzees have amber to brown irises and dark sclerae Habitat edit nbsp A nest on a tree where chimpanzees sleep overnightThe chimpanzee spends time both in trees and on the ground but usually sleeps in a clarification needed tree where it builds a nest for the night They once inhabited most of this region but their habitat has been dramatically reduced in recent years Behaviour and ecology edit nbsp A group of chimpanzees groomingChimpanzees live in communities of typically 20 to more than 150 members but spend most of their time traveling in small parties of just a few individuals The eastern chimpanzee is both arboreal and terrestrial and rests in trees at night but spends the day on the ground 5 Chimpanzees walk using the soles of their feet and their knuckles and they can walk upright for short distances They are knuckle walkers 5 When confronted by a predator chimpanzees will react with loud screams and use any object they can get against the threat The leopard is the chimpanzee s main natural predator but they have also fallen prey to lions 6 Diet edit nbsp Male chimpanzee with its prey a bushbuckChimpanzees are omnivorous and eat seeds fruits honey leaves bark fungi insects such as termites ants and small prey such as birds and monkeys They often use a twig as a tool to reach termites or ants in nests and have been seen using sticks to hunt other small mammals There are also instances of organized hunting In some cases such as the killing of leopard cubs this primarily seems to be a protective effort since the leopard is the main natural predator of the common chimpanzee Isolated cases of cannibalism have also been documented citation needed See also editBili ape Chimp Haven Great ape personhood Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary Theory of mind The Third ChimpanzeeReferences edit Groves C P 2005 Wilson D E Reeder D M eds Mammal Species of the World A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference 3rd ed Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press p 183 ISBN 0 801 88221 4 OCLC 62265494 a b c Plumptre A Hart J A Hicks T C Nixon S Piel A K amp Pintea L 2016 Pan troglodytesssp schweinfurthii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T15937A102329417 Groves C P 2005 Geographic variation within eastern chimpanzees Pan troglodytes cf schweinfurthii Giglioli 1872 Australasian Primatology 17 19 46 a b Goodall J 1996 McGrew W C Marchant L F Nishida T eds Great Ape Societies Cambridge Cambridge University Press p xix ISBN 0 521 55536 1 a b Janssen E Janssen P 2006 Chimpanzee fact file African Wildlife Foundation Retrieved 23 September 2012 Boesch C 1991 The effects of leopard predation on grouping patterns in forest chimpanzees PDF Behaviour 1991 117 3 221 242 doi 10 1163 156853991x00544 Archived from the original PDF on 2012 09 14 Retrieved 2012 03 02 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii DiscoverChimpanzees org Chimpanzee Genome resources Primate Info Net Pan troglodytes Factsheets U S Fish amp Wildlife Service Species Profile New Scientist 19 May 2003 Chimps are human gene study implies Video clips and news from the BBC BBC Wildlife Finder Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eastern chimpanzee amp oldid 1148357341, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
