ESPN Inc.
ESPN Inc. is an American multinational sports media conglomerate majority-owned by The Walt Disney Company, with Hearst Communications as an equity stakeholder.[1]
ESPN's headquarters in Bristol, Connecticut. | |
| Type | Joint venture |
|---|---|
| Industry | Sports broadcasting |
| Founded | September 7, 1979 |
| Founder | Bill Rasmussen |
| Headquarters | , |
Key people | James Pitaro (Chairman) |
| Owners |
|
| Website | Official website |
Headed by James Pitaro, it owns and operates local and global cable and satellite television variants of ESPN, ESPN Radio, ESPN.com and other related ventures.[2][3][4]
Commonly and colloquially marketed as the "Worldwide Leader in Sports", programming on its television networks include broadcasts of live or tape-delayed sporting events and sports-related programming including talk shows and original documentary series and films.[5]
History
ESPN Inc. was founded in 1979 by Bill Rasmussen, initially as an attempt to broadcast Connecticut sports over an "Entertainment and Sports Programming Network" (ESPN) cable channel, and soon became a nationwide cable sports network. Shortly after being terminated as the World Hockey Association's New England Whalers communications director in 1978, Rasmussen conceived of a plan to produce Connecticut sports events for Connecticut cable systems.[6] With his son, Scott, they had moved beyond that, considering a national sports channel doable.[6] RCA had an underused satellite and was pushing for customers. Finding it cheaper by the hour to rent a satellite transponder full-time, instead of 5 hours a day, the Rasmussens changed their plans from creating a Connecticut sports channel to creating a national cable network. [7]
On February 7, 1979, Bill Rasmussen got the NCAA to agree, in principle, to grant ESPN broadcast rights for NCAA sports. The next day at the Texas Cable Show exposition, he was able to get cable companies on board. An advertising contract with Anheuser-Busch was in talks at that time, and Getty Oil came on board as its major source of capital. In 1979, Rasmussen purchased the first acre of land for ESPN's headquarters in Bristol, Connecticut.[6] With a reasonable payment plan in July 1979, Rasmussen leased RCA's Satcom 1 transponder using his credit card. Anheuser-Busch became a major sponsor, signing a $1.4 million ad contract, a record at the time. Getty Oil invested $10 million into ESPN getting a controlling stake in 1979.[7]
On September 7, 1979, the ESPN cable channel went on the air,[6] with 24 hours of programming on the weekends and limited hours during the week. 625 cable system affiliates were signed up at launch and they had one million household subscribed total (out of 20 million households with cable). The channel's first game featured the Milwaukee Schlitz and the Kentucky Bourbons in the deciding game of the championship series of the American Professional Slo-Pitch League.[7]
In 1980, the company was named in a Texas divorce filing. Groundbreaking for its headquarters took place one year earlier.[6] Full-time broadcasting began in September 1980. Additional programming at the time included weekly boxing matches.[7]
NBC Sports President Chet Simmons was hired to help run the cable channel. Simmons and Rasmussen were at odds with Getty Oil executives siding with Simmons. At the end of 1980, Rasmussen was removed as company president by Getty Oil executive for ESPN, Stuart Evey, relegating him to a ceremonial role. Rasmussen left in 1981 and sold his remaining stock in 1984.[6]
Investing another $15 million into the company and no profits expected any time soon, Getty used management consultant McKinsey & Co. to assess ESPN's future. McKinsey's lead consultant was Roger Werner, who figured with another $120 million and five years ESPN would become a profit maker. Werner soon was hired by ESPN as vice-president of finance, administration, and planning and developed a new business plan. Werner developed a new revenue source beyond advertising by initiating revolutionary affiliate fees paid by the cable operators by number of subscribers starting at 6 cents. Between CBS Cable folding in October 1982 and the new CEO, Bill Grimes, they convinced most of the reluctant cable providers to pay. By 1985, the fee was 10 cents.[7]
ESPN was the largest cable channel by the end of 1983 with 28.5 million households. Also in 1983, the company began distributing programming outside the United States. Getty Oil, Anheuser-Busch and the NCAA all got involved with the new cable channel. In 1984, the U.S. ABC television network purchased a controlling stake in the company. ABC later merged with Capital Cities Communications, and the combined company was purchased by The Walt Disney Company in 1995.[8] [7] In 1988, Roger Werner became the network's president and CEO.
Multichannel
ESPN started out expanding into other nations and additional channels. The ESPN International unit was formed in 1988 to start channels in other nations beginning with ESPN Latin America in 1989. In 1992, ESPN Asia was launched. ESPN partnered with TF1 and Canal+ for a made over Eurosport to enter Europe.[7]
RJR Nabisco sold its 20% stake in ESPN to the Hearst Corporation. Werner resigned as CEO and president in October 1990 for another sports CEO job.[9] Steve Bornstein replaced him in the CEO post moving up from the second position of executive vice-president in charge of programming and production.[7]
With ABC Radio Network, the company started the ESPN Radio Network in 1991 with programming 16 hours per week. Ohlmeyer Communications' sports programming division was purchased in March 1993.[7] ESPN launched ESPN2 on October 1, 1993 at 7:30 PM. The channel at the time was targeting those age 18-34.[10] In 1994, ESPN acquired Creative Sports[11] and from Dow Jones an 80% stake in SportsTicker.[7]
In 1997, ESPN acquired the Classic Sports Network.[12]
In 2006, ESPN acquired the North American Sports Network (NASN). It was re-branded as ESPN America on February 1, 2009.[13][14]
In February 2016, ESPN and Tencent reached an agreement of collaboration. ESPN's content would be localized and exclusively distributed and promoted by Tencent's digital platforms in China, including college basketball games, the X Games and an ESPN section on QQ.com.[15] In August 2016, Disney purchased a 1/3 stake in BAMTech for $1 billion from MLB Advanced Media with the option to purchase a majority share, which it later exercised, and now owns 85%. Disney purchased the stake to first develop an ESPN-branded subscription streaming service, later named ESPN+.[16]
Executives
- James Pitaro – Chairman
- Chara-Lynn Aguiar – Senior Vice President, Strategy & Office of the Chairman
- Justin Connolly – President, Disney Platform Distribution
- Eleanor "Nell" DeVane – Chief Counsel
- Rosalyn Durant – Executive Vice President, Programming & Acquisitions
- Rita Ferro – President, Disney Advertising
- Laura Gentile – Executive Vice President, Marketing
- Thomas Hennessy – Senior Vice President, Finance
- Luke Kang – President, Asia Pacific
- Jan Koeppen – President, EMEA
- Aaron LaBerge – Chief Technology Officer
- Chris LaPlaca – Senior Vice President, Corporate Communications
- Diego Lerner – President, The Walt Disney Company Latin America
- K Madhavan – President, The Walt Disney Company India
- Burke Magnus – President, Content
- Kaitee Daley – Vice President, Social Media
- Stephanie Druley – Executive Vice President, Event and Studio Production
- Brian Lockhart – Senior Vice President, ESPN+ Original Content and ESPN Films
- David Roberts – Head of NBA & Studio Production
- Norby Williamson – Executive Editor & Head of Event & Studio Production
- Tina Thornton – Head of Content Ops and Creative Surround
- Mark L. Walker – Head of Sports Business Development & Innovation
Assets
Television
- ACC Network (2019–present)
- ESPN (1979–present)
- ESPN International (1989–present)
- ESPN2 (1993–present)
- ESPNews (1996–present)
- ESPN Classic (1997–2021)
- ESPN PPV (1999–present)
- ESPN Films (2001–present)
- ESPN Deportes (2004–present)
- ESPNU (2005–present)
- ESPN Goal Line & Bases Loaded (2010–2020)
- ESPN Events (1996-present), also called ESPN Regional Television
- Longhorn Network (2011–present, joint venture with The University of Texas at Austin and IMG College)
- SEC Network (2014–present)
Radio
- ESPN Radio (1992–present)
- ESPN Deportes Radio (2005–2019)
- ESPN Xtra (2008–present)
- LRI710 ESPN 107.9 (2010–Present)
- KRDC (since 2021)
Internet
- ESPN.com (1993–present), flagship site
- ESPN3 (2005–present), known as ESPN360.com from 2005–2010
- ESPN Motion (2003–present), broadband video
- WatchESPN (2011–2019), known as ESPN Networks from 2010–2011
- ESPN+ (2018–present), subscription streaming service available in the US
- Star+ (2021–present) subscription streaming service available in Latin America.
- ESPN Player,[17][18] subscription streaming service available in select international markets
- Andscape (formerly The Undefeated) (2016-present),[19] describes itself as "the premier platform for exploring the intersections of race, sports and culture.[20]
- espnW.com, focusing on women
- ESPN.mobi, mobile site
- ESPN Deportes.com (2000-present), Spanish language
- ESPN FC (1995-present), soccer, formerly ESPN Soccernet
- ESPNF1.com, Formula 1
- ESPNcricinfo (1993-present), cricket
- ESPNScrum.com, rugby union
- EXPN.com, extreme sports
- ESPNBoston.com, operates in conjunction with Entercom-owned WEEI AM
- ESPNChicago.com, the site for Good Karma Brands-owned (former ESPN O&O) WMVP
- ESPNCleveland.com, joint site for Good Karma Brands-owned WKNR and WWGK
- ESPNDallas.com
- ESPNLosAngeles.com
- ESPNNewYork.com, joint site for Emmis Communications-owned WEPN-FM and Good Karma Brands-owned (former ESPN O&O) WEPN (AM)
- ESPNWisconsin.com, joint site for Good Karma Brands-owned WAUK/Waukesha-Milwaukee and WTLX/Monona-Madison
Canada
Under the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission's rules regarding foreign broadcasters, ESPN has been prohibited from acquiring majority ownership of any channel operating in Canada. Instead, ESPN partnered with several Canadian firms to form a privately held consortium named NetStar Communications in 1995, which then acquired the sports networks TSN and RDS. These Canadian partners then sold their shares in 2001 to CTV Inc. (now Bell Media). ESPN continues to own 20 percent of what is now CTV Specialty Television while Bell Media owns the remaining 80 percent.[21]
The sports channels owned by the CTV Specialty Television subsidiary:
- TSN – five feeds
- RDS
- RDS2
- RDS Info
- ESPN Classic
Through CTV Specialty Television, ESPN also has an indirect interest in several channels operated in partnership with Warner Bros. Discovery, but ESPN is not believed to be directly involved with these operations.
United Kingdom
ESPN entered the United Kingdom in 2006 when pan-European ESPN Classic was added to Sky Digital.[22]
In December 2006, the North American Sports Network, which operated as a joint-venture between Benchmark Capital Europe and Setanta Sports announced the sale of the channel to ESPN for €70 million.[13] The sale's closure on March 2007 added NASN to the ESPN family, although it remained as part of the Setanta Sports Pack on satellite television.[23][24] On October 2, 2008, it was announced that NASN would rebrand as ESPN America.[14] The rebranding took place on February 1, 2009, to coincide with Super Bowl XLIII.[13][14]
On June 19, 2009 it was announced that Setanta Sports UK had lost their local rights package to half of the UK Premier League matches, with ESPN as one of the interested parties to acquire the rights.[25] On June 22, 2009, a day before Setanta UK collapsed into administration, ESPN announced they had snapped up the rights from the 2009–10 season to the 2012–13 season, and would launch their own domestic channel.[26] ESPN UK launched in August 2009, forming as part of a new TV package with America and Classic, by acquiring much of the ex-Setanta slots.
By 2012, the network had begun to lose many of its key sports rights, including the Premier League, to BT Group.[27][28][29] On January 25, 2013, ESPN reached a deal to sell its television business in the United Kingdom and Ireland, including ESPN America's programming rights, to BT Group. The ESPN channel in the United Kingdom was placed under the control of BT Sport, while ESPN Classic and ESPN America shut down. ESPN continues to operate digital properties targeting the United Kingdom, including its ESPN.co.uk, ESPN FC, ESPNcricinfo, and ESPNscrum websites.[30] Two years later, ESPN reached a long-term deal with BT Sport for the British rights to ESPN original programming and international event rights.[31]
The main ESPN network following the BT purchase transitioned to airing North American Sports programming, and in June 2015 was renamed BT Sport ESPN. On May 11, 2022, BT announced that the BT Sport networks would form as part of a new joint venture with Disney rival Warner Bros. Discovery and to merge with their existing Eurosport networks at a later date.[32][33][34] Due to this, ESPN decided not to renew their name licensing deal with BT, and on 1 August 2022, the channel was renamed BT Sport 4, although it continues to mainly focus on North American sports.[35]
Other
- ESPY Awards (1993–present)
- ESPN The Magazine (1998–2019)
- The ESPN Sports Poll (1994–present)
- ESPN Broadband (2002–present)
- ESPN Books (2004–present)
- ESPNU.com (2005–present)
- ESPN Deportes La Revista (2005–present)
- ESPN Integration (2006–present)
- ESPN Online Games (2006–present)
- ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex (2010–present)
- College football bowl games owned by ESPN Events
- X Games (1995–present)
- ESPN The Games (1999–2002), joint venture with Konami and Disney Interactive[36]
- ESPN Videogames (2003–2005), joint venture with Sega[37]
See also
- ESPN on ABC (formerly ABC Sports)
- A+E Networks, also co-owned by Disney and Hearst
- Disney General Entertainment Content
References
- ^ "ESPN". Hearst Communications. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
- ^ "ESPN, Inc. Fact Sheet". ESPN Newsroom. Retrieved 2 August 2019.
- ^ . BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on February 8, 2008. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
- ^ "ESPN, Inc. | Company Profile". Hoovers. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
- ^ Badenhausen, Kurt. "Why ESPN Is Worth $40 Billion As The World's Most Valuable Media Property". Forbes. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f Ourand, John (April 4, 2011). "Champions: Bill Rasmussen, ESPN creator". Sports Business Journal. American City Business Journals. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "History of ESPN, Inc.". International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 56. St. James Press. 2004. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
- ^ "ESPN, Inc. Fact Sheet". ESPNPressRoom.com. Retrieved June 22, 2019.
- ^ "Werner to Leave ESPN, Join Daniels' Firm". Los Angeles Times. August 30, 1990. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
- ^ Frager, Ray (October 1, 1993). "Whether you get it or not, ESPN2 has no tie to the tried and true". Baltimore Sun. Tribune Publishing. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
- ^ "ESPN remembers Dan Shoemaker - ESPN Front Row". ESPN Front Row. 2018-04-06. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
- ^ Whitford, David (May 25, 2010). . Fortune. Archived from the original on May 22, 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-02.
- ^ a b c Hancock, Ciaran (3 December 2006). "Ireland: TV3 grabs Setanta stake". The Times. London. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
- ^ a b c Welsh, James (2 October 2008). "NASN to become ESPN America". Digital Spy. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
- ^ Frater, Patrick (February 2, 2016). "ESPN Scores Strategic Agreement With China's Tencent". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
- ^ Miller, Daniel (August 9, 2016). "Walt Disney Co. buys stake in video streaming service BAMTech". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
- ^ "ESPN Player". www.espnplayer.com. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
- ^ "ESPN Player". ESPN Press Room EMEA. 2014-04-10. Retrieved 2021-03-10.
- ^ "ESPN's The Undefeated to Launch May 17 - ESPN MediaZone". 18 April 2016.
- ^ "About". 15 June 2015.
- ^ "CTV can acquire TSN if it unloads Sportsnet". Toronto: Globeandmail.com. March 25, 2000. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
- ^ . Media 247. 27 February 2006. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012.
- ^ "ESPN TO ACQUIRE NASN" (Press release). NASN. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
- ^ . Setanta.com. Archived from the original on 2007-11-17. Retrieved 2007-09-10.
- ^ "Setanta loses Premier TV rights". BBC News. 19 June 2009.
- ^ "ESPN snaps up Premier League TV packages". ESPNsoccernet. 22 June 2009. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
- ^ "Premier League rights sold to BT and BSkyB for £3bn". BBC News. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
- ^ "BT poaches Premiership Rugby rights from ESPN, Sky". Digital Spy. 12 September 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
- ^ "BT deals further blow to ESPN with new rights deals". Digital Spy. 6 November 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2017.
- ^ "BT buys ESPN'S UK and Ireland TV channels". The Guardian. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
- ^ "BT Sport and ESPN deepen relationship with long-term collaboration". BT Group. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
- ^ Metz, Axel (12 May 2022). "BT Sport subscribers to get major package upgrade completely free of charge". TechRadar. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
- ^ Frater, Patrick (2022-05-12). "Warner Bros. Discovery and BT to Launch Sports Venture in U.K. and Ireland". Variety. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ "BT and Warner Bros Discovery join forces to create pay-TV sport business". the Guardian. 2022-05-12. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- ^ "BT Sport ESPN to rebrand as BT Sport 4". Media Mole. Retrieved 2022-10-02.
- ^ "Konami, Disney and ESPN Bond". IGN. 5 November 1999. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
- ^ "Sega Cans 2K Line For Deal With ESPN". Xbox Addict. 19 June 2003. Retrieved 18 September 2022.