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Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg

April 11, 2024

Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg (German: Herzog Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg; given names John Albert Ernest Constantine Frederick Henry; 8 December 1857 – 16 February 1920)[1] was a member of the House of Mecklenburg-Schwerin who served as the regent of two states of the German Empire. He was first regent of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1897 to 1901 for his nephew Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, and thereafter regent of the Duchy of Brunswick from 1907 to 1913.

Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg
Born8 December 1857 (1857-12-08)
Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Died20 February 1920 (1920-02-21) (aged 62)
Schloß Wiligrad near Lübstorf, Germany
SpousesPrincess Elisabeth Sybille of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Princess Elisabeth of Stolberg-Rossla
HouseHouse of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
FatherFrederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg
MotherPrincess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz

Birth and interests edit

Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg was born in Schwerin the fifth child of Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg and his first wife Princess Augusta Reuss of Köstritz (1822–1862). Duke John Albert was educated in Dresden, pursued a career in the Prussian Army and was well known for his love of sports.[2] He also developed an interest in Germany's colonial empire, co-founding the Pan-German League and becoming president of the German Colonial Society in 1895.[3]

Regencies edit

 
Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg, regent of the Duchy of Brunswick, during a visit to Susuhunan Pakubuwono X of Surakarta. Dutch East Indies, 1910.

Following the death of his brother Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg on 10 April 1897, Duke John Albert was appointed regent for his young nephew the new Grand Duke, Frederick Francis IV after his older brother Duke Paul Frederick had renounced his claim to the regency. He ruled as regent until his nephew came of age on 9 April 1901 when he assumed personal control of the Grand Duchy.[4]

On 28 May 1907, Duke John Albert was elected regent of the Duchy of Brunswick following the death of Prince Albert of Prussia by the state's diet, accepting the offer he arrived in Brunswick on 5 June 1907.[5] The reason for the regency in Brunswick was that in 1884 when William, Duke of Brunswick died his distant cousin and heir Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover was prevented from taking over the duchy because he refused to renounce his claim to the throne of the Kingdom of Hanover which had been annexed by Prussia in 1866.[6]

Shortly after assuming the regency, Duke John Albert would walk Brunswick in civilian clothes visiting museums, libraries and other institutions in the duchy, asking questions of people to discover their living conditions. After he became too well known to walk unnoticed he established a weekly audience where people could go and present a petition to him. Duke John Albert also cut down on the expenses of the royal household by cutting the number of servants and retainers to the minimum needed to run the household.[7]

The regency came to an end on 1 November 1913 when Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover's son Ernest Augustus was permitted to ascend to Duchy following his marriage to Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia the only daughter of the German Emperor William II which helped heal the rift between the houses of Hanover and Hohenzollern.[8]

War years edit

During the First World War Duke John Albert was active with the German Colonial Society in defending the Germany's colonial possessions from suggestions that they should be abandoned.[9] On 2 September 1917 he was appointed honorary chairman of the pro-war Fatherland Party, a far-right political organization that was one of the precursors to the Nazi Party.[10]

Duke John Albert died in 1920 in Wiligrad castle near Lübstorf aged 62.

Marriages edit

John Albert was married twice: firstly in Weimar on 6 November 1886 to Princess Elisabeth Sybille of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (28 February 1854–10 July 1908) the daughter of Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach;[11] secondly in Brunswick on 15 December 1909 to Princess Elisabeth of Stolberg-Rossla (1885–1969), who following his death was to marry his half brother Duke Adolf Friedrich in 1924. Both of John Albert's marriages were childless.[1]

Ojimukoka edit

Ojimukoka, a small settlement, postoffice and railway station in Namibia, was renamed Johann - Albrechtshöhe, and then simply Albrechts in his honour.[12]

Honours edit

German decorations[13]
Foreign decorations[13]

Ancestry edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Huberty, Michel; Alain Giraud; F. B. Magdelaine (1945). L'Allemagne Dynastique, Tome VI : Bade-Mecklembourg. A. Giraud. pp. 239, 240. ISBN 978-2-901138-06-8.
  2. ^ "Art and Utility Linked; German Painters Make Their Skill Serve Many Ends". The New York Times. 12 July 1896. p. 10.
  3. ^ Winkler, Heinrich August; Sager, Alexander (2006). Germany: the long road west. Vol. 1. OUP Oxford. p. 316. ISBN 0-19-926597-6.
  4. ^ "Celebration in Schwerin" (PDF). The New York Times. 10 April 1901. Retrieved 24 October 2007.
  5. ^ The Statesman's year book. 1913. p. 911.
  6. ^ "Cable News". Fielding Star. 1 June 1907. p. 4.
  7. ^ "Brunswick Ruler a Modern Haroun". The New York Times. 8 July 1907. p. 4.
  8. ^ Heraldica.org
  9. ^ "German Colonies". Grey River Angus. 4 July 1907. p. 3.
  10. ^ Fischer, Fritz (1967). Germany's aims in the First World War. p. 461. ISBN 9780393053470.
  11. ^ Grewolls, Grete (2011): Wer war wer in Mecklenburg und Vorpommern. Das Personenlexikon. Rostock: Hinstorff Verlag. p. 2460. ISBN 9783356013016
  12. ^ . Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2010.
  13. ^ a b Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg-Schwerinscher Staatskalendar, 1908, p. 3
  14. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1892), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 62, 76
  15. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (1906), "Königliche-Orden" p. 11
  16. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig für das Jahr 1897, "Herzogliche Orden Heinrich des Löwen" p. 10
  17. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 12
  18. ^ "Johanniter-orden", Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (in German), vol. 1, Berlin, 1886, p. 1047{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  19. ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach 6 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 16
  20. ^ a b c Justus Perthes, Almanach de Gotha (1919) p. 19
  21. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 29
  22. ^ Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 320. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2.
  23. ^ 刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 (PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 149.
  24. ^ Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1905, p. 441, retrieved 6 January 2018 – via runeberg.org

External links edit

April 11, 2024
duke, john, albert, mecklenburg, german, herzog, johann, albrecht, mecklenburg, given, names, john, albert, ernest, constantine, frederick, henry, december, 1857, february, 1920, member, house, mecklenburg, schwerin, served, regent, states, german, empire, fir. Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg German Herzog Johann Albrecht zu Mecklenburg given names John Albert Ernest Constantine Frederick Henry 8 December 1857 16 February 1920 1 was a member of the House of Mecklenburg Schwerin who served as the regent of two states of the German Empire He was first regent of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Schwerin from 1897 to 1901 for his nephew Frederick Francis IV Grand Duke of Mecklenburg and thereafter regent of the Duchy of Brunswick from 1907 to 1913 Duke John Albert of MecklenburgBorn8 December 1857 1857 12 08 Schwerin Mecklenburg SchwerinDied20 February 1920 1920 02 21 aged 62 Schloss Wiligrad near Lubstorf GermanySpousesPrincess Elisabeth Sybille of Saxe Weimar Eisenach Princess Elisabeth of Stolberg RosslaHouseHouse of Mecklenburg SchwerinFatherFrederick Francis II Grand Duke of MecklenburgMotherPrincess Augusta Reuss of Kostritz Contents 1 Birth and interests 2 Regencies 3 War years 4 Marriages 5 Ojimukoka 6 Honours 7 Ancestry 8 References 9 External linksBirth and interests editDuke John Albert of Mecklenburg was born in Schwerin the fifth child of Frederick Francis II Grand Duke of Mecklenburg and his first wife Princess Augusta Reuss of Kostritz 1822 1862 Duke John Albert was educated in Dresden pursued a career in the Prussian Army and was well known for his love of sports 2 He also developed an interest in Germany s colonial empire co founding the Pan German League and becoming president of the German Colonial Society in 1895 3 Regencies edit nbsp Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg regent of the Duchy of Brunswick during a visit to Susuhunan Pakubuwono X of Surakarta Dutch East Indies 1910 Following the death of his brother Frederick Francis III Grand Duke of Mecklenburg on 10 April 1897 Duke John Albert was appointed regent for his young nephew the new Grand Duke Frederick Francis IV after his older brother Duke Paul Frederick had renounced his claim to the regency He ruled as regent until his nephew came of age on 9 April 1901 when he assumed personal control of the Grand Duchy 4 On 28 May 1907 Duke John Albert was elected regent of the Duchy of Brunswick following the death of Prince Albert of Prussia by the state s diet accepting the offer he arrived in Brunswick on 5 June 1907 5 The reason for the regency in Brunswick was that in 1884 when William Duke of Brunswick died his distant cousin and heir Ernest Augustus Crown Prince of Hanover was prevented from taking over the duchy because he refused to renounce his claim to the throne of the Kingdom of Hanover which had been annexed by Prussia in 1866 6 Shortly after assuming the regency Duke John Albert would walk Brunswick in civilian clothes visiting museums libraries and other institutions in the duchy asking questions of people to discover their living conditions After he became too well known to walk unnoticed he established a weekly audience where people could go and present a petition to him Duke John Albert also cut down on the expenses of the royal household by cutting the number of servants and retainers to the minimum needed to run the household 7 The regency came to an end on 1 November 1913 when Ernest Augustus Crown Prince of Hanover s son Ernest Augustus was permitted to ascend to Duchy following his marriage to Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia the only daughter of the German Emperor William II which helped heal the rift between the houses of Hanover and Hohenzollern 8 War years editDuring the First World War Duke John Albert was active with the German Colonial Society in defending the Germany s colonial possessions from suggestions that they should be abandoned 9 On 2 September 1917 he was appointed honorary chairman of the pro war Fatherland Party a far right political organization that was one of the precursors to the Nazi Party 10 Duke John Albert died in 1920 in Wiligrad castle near Lubstorf aged 62 Marriages editJohn Albert was married twice firstly in Weimar on 6 November 1886 to Princess Elisabeth Sybille of Saxe Weimar Eisenach 28 February 1854 10 July 1908 the daughter of Charles Alexander Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach 11 secondly in Brunswick on 15 December 1909 to Princess Elisabeth of Stolberg Rossla 1885 1969 who following his death was to marry his half brother Duke Adolf Friedrich in 1924 Both of John Albert s marriages were childless 1 Ojimukoka editOjimukoka a small settlement postoffice and railway station in Namibia was renamed Johann Albrechtshohe and then simply Albrechts in his honour 12 Honours editGerman decorations 13 nbsp Mecklenburg Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown with Collar and Crown in Ore Grand Cross of the Griffon Memorial Medal for Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III Commemorative Medal for the Battle of Loigny Poupry nbsp Baden 14 Knight of the House Order of Fidelity 1890 Knight of the Order of Berthold the First 1890 nbsp Bavaria Knight of St Hubert 1906 15 nbsp Brunswick Grand Cross of Henry the Lion 1898 16 nbsp nbsp nbsp Ernestine duchies Grand Cross of the Saxe Ernestine House Order nbsp Hesse Darmstadt Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order 12 October 1865 17 nbsp Lippe Cross of Honour of the House Order of Lippe 1st Class nbsp Oldenburg Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig with Collar nbsp Kingdom of Prussia Knight of Honour of the Johanniter Order 15 February 1884 18 Knight of the Black Eagle with Collar Grand Cross of the Red Eagle nbsp nbsp Reuss Cross of Honour 1st Class nbsp Saxe Weimar Eisenach Grand Cross of the White Falcon 1878 19 nbsp Saxony Knight of the Rue Crown 20 nbsp Wurttemberg Grand Cross of the Wurttemberg Crown 1892 21 Foreign decorations 13 nbsp Emirate of Bukhara Order of the Star of Bukhara 1st Class nbsp Principality of Bulgaria Grand Cross of St Alexander with Collar Grand Cross of Military Merit Knight of Saints Cyril and Methodius 20 nbsp Denmark Knight of the Elephant 9 June 1898 22 nbsp Kingdom of Greece Grand Cross of the Redeemer nbsp Empire of Japan Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum 23 July 1894 23 Grand Cordon of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flowers nbsp Netherlands Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion Wedding Medal of Queen Wilhelmina and Duke Henry of Mecklenburg Schwerin 1901 nbsp Ottoman Empire Order of Glory Order of Osmanieh 1st Class nbsp Beylik of Tunis Grand Cordon of the Order of Glory nbsp Persian Empire Order of the Lion and the Sun 1st Class nbsp Kingdom of Portugal Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword nbsp Kingdom of Romania Grand Cross of the Order of Carol I with Collar nbsp Russian Empire Knight of St Andrew 20 Knight of St Vladimir 1st Class Knight of St George 1st Class nbsp Siam Knight of the Order of the Royal House of Chakri Grand Cross of the Crown of Siam nbsp nbsp Sweden Norway Knight of the Seraphim 18 September 1897 24 nbsp Sultanate of Zanzibar Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar 1st ClassAncestry editAncestors of Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg8 Frederick Louis Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Schwerin4 Paul Frederick Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Schwerin9 Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna of Russia2 Frederick Francis II Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Schwerin10 Frederick William III of Prussia5 Princess Alexandrine of Prussia11 Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg Strelitz1 Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg12 Prince Heinrich XLIV Reuss of Kostritz6 Heinrich LXIII Prince Reuss of Kostritz13 Baroness Wilhelmine of Geuder genannt Rabensteiner3 Princess Augusta Reuss of Kostritz14 Count Henry of Stolberg Wernigerode7 Countess Eleonore of Stolberg Wernigerode15 Princess Jenny of Schonburg WaldenburgReferences edit a b Huberty Michel Alain Giraud F B Magdelaine 1945 L Allemagne Dynastique Tome VI Bade Mecklembourg A Giraud pp 239 240 ISBN 978 2 901138 06 8 Art and Utility Linked German Painters Make Their Skill Serve Many Ends The New York Times 12 July 1896 p 10 Winkler Heinrich August Sager Alexander 2006 Germany the long road west Vol 1 OUP Oxford p 316 ISBN 0 19 926597 6 Celebration in Schwerin PDF The New York Times 10 April 1901 Retrieved 24 October 2007 The Statesman s year book 1913 p 911 Cable News Fielding Star 1 June 1907 p 4 Brunswick Ruler a Modern Haroun The New York Times 8 July 1907 p 4 Heraldica org German Colonies Grey River Angus 4 July 1907 p 3 Fischer Fritz 1967 Germany s aims in the First World War p 461 ISBN 9780393053470 Grewolls Grete 2011 Wer war wer in Mecklenburg und Vorpommern Das Personenlexikon Rostock Hinstorff Verlag p 2460 ISBN 9783356013016 Is there any value in stamps collection Archived from the original on 2 April 2016 Retrieved 22 April 2010 a b Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg Schwerinscher Staatskalendar 1908 p 3 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Grossherzogtum Baden 1892 Grossherzogliche Orden pp 62 76 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Konigreichs Bayern 1906 Konigliche Orden p 11 Hof und Staatshandbuch des Herzogtums Braunschweig fur das Jahr 1897 Herzogliche Orden Heinrich des Lowen p 10 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Grossherzogtum Hessen 1879 Grossherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen p 12 Johanniter orden Koniglich Preussische Ordensliste in German vol 1 Berlin 1886 p 1047 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Staatshandbuch fur das Grossherzogtum Sachsen Sachsen Weimar Eisenach Archived 6 September 2020 at the Wayback Machine 1900 Grossherzogliche Hausorden p 16 a b c Justus Perthes Almanach de Gotha 1919 p 19 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Konigreich Wurttemberg 1907 Konigliche Orden p 29 Jorgen Pedersen 2009 Riddere af Elefantordenen 1559 2009 in Danish Syddansk Universitetsforlag p 320 ISBN 978 87 7674 434 2 刑部芳則 2017 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 PDF in Japanese 明治聖徳記念学会紀要 p 149 Sveriges statskalender in Swedish 1905 p 441 retrieved 6 January 2018 via runeberg orgExternal links editNewspaper clippings about Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg amp oldid 1217554326, 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