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Charles Alexander (Karl Alexander August Johann; 24 June 1818 – 5 January 1901) was the ruler of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach as its grand duke from 1853 until his death.
When he was the Hereditary Grand Duke, Karl Alexander established a strong friendship with Fanny Lewald and Hans Christian Andersen, but this close relationship stopped in 1849 for the war against Denmark over the duchies of Schleswig-Holstein (the First Schleswig War). On 8 July 1853 his father died, and Karl Alexander became Grand Duke; however, he postponed his constitutional accession until Goethe's birthday, on 28 August 1853.
The Danish author and poet Hans Christian Andersen was reportedly infatuated with Karl Alexander, writing
"I quite love the young duke, he is the first of all princes that I really find attractive".[1][2]
In the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), Karl Alexander participated only in "Samaritan"; he stressed, however, for his entrance into the war in favor of Schleswig in 1849. The Weimar Congress of the Goethe Federation (opposing the Lex Heinze) occurred towards the end of his reign, in November 1900. That congress described his government as the Silver Age of Weimar.
In late December 1900, Karl Alexander reportedly fell ill with influenza.[3] His condition soon worsened, becoming complicated with inflammation of the lungs and a slowing heart rate before the end of the month.[4][5] He died at Weimar on 5 January 1901.[6][7] Following his death, he was succeeded as Grand Duke by his grandson Wilhelm Ernst, his only son Carl August having predeceased him.
^Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1896), "Königliche Orden" p. 27
^"A Szent István Rend tagjai" 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
^H. Tarlier (1854). Almanach royal officiel, publié, exécution d'un arrête du roi (in French). Vol. 1. p. 37.
^Jørgen Pedersen (2009). Riddere af Elefantordenen, 1559–2009 (in Danish). Syddansk Universitetsforlag. p. 469. ISBN978-87-7674-434-2.
^M. & B. Wattel (2009). Les Grand'Croix de la Légion d'honneur de 1805 à nos jours. Titulaires français et étrangers. Paris: Archives & Culture. p. 523. ISBN978-2-35077-135-9.
^Italia : Ministero dell'interno (1898). Calendario generale del Regno d'Italia. Unione tipografico-editrice. p. 54.
^刑部芳則 (2017). 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼(PDF) (in Japanese). 明治聖徳記念学会紀要. p. 143.
^"Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1887, p. 158, retrieved 21 March 2019
^"Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro", Guía Oficial de España (in Spanish), 1887, p. 146, retrieved 21 March 2019
^Sveriges statskalender (in Swedish), 1877, p. 369, retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org
^"Norges Statskalender" (in Swedish). 1890. pp. 595–596. Retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org.
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For other people named Karl Alexander see Karl Alexander disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Charles Alexander Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German September 2012 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the German article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 8 934 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Carl Alexander Sachsen Weimar Eisenach see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated de Carl Alexander Sachsen Weimar Eisenach to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Charles Alexander Karl Alexander August Johann 24 June 1818 5 January 1901 was the ruler of Saxe Weimar Eisenach as its grand duke from 1853 until his death Charles AlexanderGrand Duke of Saxe Weimar EisenachReign8 July 1853 5 January 1901PredecessorCharles FrederickSuccessorWilliam ErnestBorn 1818 06 24 24 June 1818WeimarDied5 January 1901 1901 01 05 aged 82 WeimarBurialWeimarer FurstengruftSpouseSophie of the Netherlands m 1842 died 1896 wbr IssueCharles Augustus Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach Marie Princess Heinrich VII Reuss Princess Anna Sophia Elisabeth Duchess Johann Albrecht of MecklenburgNamesCharles Alexander Augustus JohnGerman Karl Alexander August Johann Grossherzog von Sachsen Weimar EisenachHouseSaxe Weimar EisenachFatherCharles Frederick Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar EisenachMotherMaria Pavlovna of RussiaReligionLutheranism Charles Alexander 1818 1901 Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar EisenachContents 1 Biography 2 Family and children 3 Honours and awards 4 Ancestry 5 References 6 External linksBiography editBorn in Weimar Karl Alexander was the second but eldest surviving son of Karl Frederick Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach and Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia His mother engaged as tutor for Karl the Swiss scholar Frederic Soret who became a close acquaintance to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe When he was the Hereditary Grand Duke Karl Alexander established a strong friendship with Fanny Lewald and Hans Christian Andersen but this close relationship stopped in 1849 for the war against Denmark over the duchies of Schleswig Holstein the First Schleswig War On 8 July 1853 his father died and Karl Alexander became Grand Duke however he postponed his constitutional accession until Goethe s birthday on 28 August 1853 The Danish author and poet Hans Christian Andersen was reportedly infatuated with Karl Alexander writing I quite love the young duke he is the first of all princes that I really find attractive 1 2 Karl Alexander renovated Wartburg Castle and left his traces in many places in Eisenach He was the protector of Richard Wagner and Franz Liszt retained the tradition of Weimar s classical period and gave the old part of Weimar a new and better appearance with the establishment of the Herder monument and the double monument for Goethe and Schiller In 1860 he founded the Grand Ducal Saxon Art School in Weimar with Arnold Bocklin Franz von Lenbach and the plastic artist Reinhold Begas As Grand Duke he was automatically rector or president of the University of Jena where he supported especially the collections among them prominently the Oriental Coin Cabinet In the Franco Prussian War 1870 1871 Karl Alexander participated only in Samaritan he stressed however for his entrance into the war in favor of Schleswig in 1849 The Weimar Congress of the Goethe Federation opposing the Lex Heinze occurred towards the end of his reign in November 1900 That congress described his government as the Silver Age of Weimar In late December 1900 Karl Alexander reportedly fell ill with influenza 3 His condition soon worsened becoming complicated with inflammation of the lungs and a slowing heart rate before the end of the month 4 5 He died at Weimar on 5 January 1901 6 7 Following his death he was succeeded as Grand Duke by his grandson Wilhelm Ernst his only son Carl August having predeceased him Family and children edit nbsp Sophie van Oranje Nassau with Charles AlexanderAt Kneuterdijk Palace in The Hague on 8 October 1842 Karl Alexander married his first cousin Princess Sophie of the Netherlands daughter of William II and Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia sister of his mother They had four children Karl August Wilhelm Nicolaus Alexander Michael Bernhard Heinrich Frederick Stefan Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach b Weimar 31 July 1844 d Cap Martin France 20 November 1894 Marie Anna Alexandrine Sophie Auguste Helene b Weimar 20 January 1849 d Trebschen 6 May 1922 known as Marie married on 6 February 1876 to Prince Heinrich VII Reuss of Kostritz Maria Anna Sophia Elisabeth Bernhardine Ida Auguste Helene b Weimar 29 March 1851 d Weimar 26 April 1859 known as Anna Elisabeth Sibylle Maria Dorothea Anna Amalie Luise b Weimar 28 February 1854 d Wiligrad 10 July 1908 known as Elisabeth married on 6 November 1886 to Duke Johann Albrecht of Mecklenburg Schwerin Honours and awards editHe received the following awards 8 9 German honours nbsp Saxe Weimar Eisenach Grand Cross of the White Falcon 7 July 1818 10 Grand Master 8 July 1853 nbsp nbsp nbsp Ernestine duchies Grand Cross of the Saxe Ernestine House Order February 1842 11 nbsp Saxony Knight of the Rue Crown 1841 12 nbsp Ascanian duchies Grand Cross of Albert the Bear 16 March 1852 13 nbsp Baden Knight of the House Order of Fidelity 1853 14 Grand Cross of the Zahringer Lion nbsp Bavaria Knight of St Hubert 1864 15 nbsp Brunswick Grand Cross of Henry the Lion 1859 16 nbsp Hesse and by Rhine Grand Cross of the Ludwig Order 5 August 1840 17 nbsp Hanover 18 Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order 1849 Knight of St George 1857 nbsp Mecklenburg Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown with Crown in Ore nbsp Nassau Knight of the Gold Lion of Nassau September 1858 19 nbsp Oldenburg Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig with Golden Crown 25 April 1844 20 nbsp Prussia Knight of the Black Eagle with Collar 14 June 1838 with Collar 1856 21 Grand Commander s Cross of the Royal House Order of Hohenzollern 9 November 1861 21 Grand Cross of the Red Eagle Grand Cross of the Iron Cross War Commemorative Medal of 1870 71 nbsp Schaumburg Lippe Military Merit Medal with Swords nbsp Wurttemberg Grand Cross of the Wurttemberg Crown 1851 22 Foreign honours nbsp Austrian Empire Grand Cross of St Stephen 1843 23 nbsp Belgium Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold 26 July 1853 24 nbsp Empire of Brazil Grand Cross of the Southern Cross nbsp Denmark Knight of the Elephant 1 July 1878 25 nbsp French Empire Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour 10 October 1860 26 nbsp Kingdom of Italy Knight of the Annunciation with Collar 22 October 1885 27 nbsp Empire of Japan Grand Cordon of the Order of the Chrysanthemum 9 March 1882 28 nbsp Netherlands Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion Grand Cross of the Military William Order nbsp Kingdom of Portugal Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword 1854 nbsp Russian Empire Knight of St Andrew with Collar Knight of St Alexander Nevsky Knight of the White Eagle Knight of St Anna 1st Class Knight of St George 4th Class nbsp Spain Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III 10 December 1861 29 Knight of the Golden Fleece with Collar 1 June 1875 30 nbsp nbsp Sweden Norway Knight of the Seraphim 9 June 1875 31 Grand Cross of St Olav 23 July 1882 32 nbsp Grand Duchy of Tuscany Grand Cross of St JosephAncestry editAncestors of Charles Alexander Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach16 Ernest Augustus I Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach8 Ernest Augustus II Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach17 Margravine Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg Bayreuth4 Charles Augustus Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach18 Charles I Duke of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel9 Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel19 Princess Philippine Charlotte of Prussia2 Charles Frederick Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach20 Louis VIII Landgrave of Hesse Darmstadt10 Louis IX Landgrave of Hesse Darmstadt21 Countess Charlotte of Hanau Lichtenberg5 Princess Louise of Hesse Darmstadt22 Christian III Count Palatine of Zweibrucken11 Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrucken23 Countess Caroline of Nassau Saarbrucken1 Charles Alexander Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach24 Charles Frederick Duke of Holstein Gottorp12 Peter III of Russia25 Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia6 Paul I of Russia26 Christian August Prince of Anhalt Zerbst13 Catherine II of Russia27 Duchess Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein Gottorp3 Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia28 Charles Alexander Duke of Wurttemberg14 Frederick II Eugene Duke of Wurttemberg29 Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis7 Duchess Sophie Dorothea of Wurttemburg30 Frederick William Margrave of Brandenburg Schwedt15 Princess Friederike of Brandenburg Schwedt31 Princess Sophia Dorothea of PrussiaReferences edit His dark materials Archived 2007 03 14 at the Wayback Machine The Independent 27 March 2005 Booth Michael 2005 Just As Well I m Leaving To the Orient With Hans Christian Andersen London Vintage pp Pos 2226 ISBN 978 1 44648 579 8 Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar Ill The New York Times 25 December 1900 p 4 Retrieved 16 October 2023 Duke of Saxe Weimar Ill The Evening Star 28 December 1900 p 2 Retrieved 16 October 2023 Duke of Saxe Weimar Sinking The Evening Star 31 December 1900 p 1 Retrieved 16 October 2023 CHARLES ALEXANDER GRAND DUKE OF SAXE WEIMAR EISENACH Stadel Museum Retrieved 16 October 2023 RULER OF SAXE WEIMAR DEAD The New York Times 6 January 1901 p 7 Retrieved 16 October 2023 Staatshandbuch fur das Grossherzogtum Sachsen Sachsen Weimar Eisenach 1900 Genealogie pp 1 2 Justus Perthes Almanach de Gotha 1901 page 84 Staatshandbuch fur das Sachsen Weimar Eisenach 1851 Grossherzoglicher Hausorden p 7 Staatshandbucher fur das Herzogtum Sachsen Coburg und Gotha 1847 Herzogliche Sachsen Ernestinischer Hausorden p 26 Staatshandbuch fur den Freistaat Sachsen 1870 Heinrich 1870 p 3 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Herzogtum Anhalt 1867 Herzoglicher Haus orden Albrecht des Baren p 17 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Grossherzogtum Baden 1865 Grossherzogliche Orden p 54 Hof und Staatshandbuch des Konigreichs Bayern 1877 Landesamt 1877 p 8 Braunschweigisches Adressbuch fur das Jahr 1896 p 3 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Grossherzogtum Hessen 1879 Grossherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen p 10 Staat Hannover 1865 Hof und Staatshandbuch fur das Konigreich Hannover 1865 Berenberg pp 38 76 Staats und Adress Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau 1866 Herzogliche Orden p 8 Staat Oldenburg 1873 Hof und Staatshandbuch des Grossherzogtums Oldenburg fur 1872 73 Schulze p 29 a b Koniglich Preussische Ordensliste Preussische Ordens Liste in German Berlin 1 4 934 1886 Hof und Staats Handbuch des Konigreich Wurttemberg 1896 Konigliche Orden p 27 A Szent Istvan Rend tagjai Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine H Tarlier 1854 Almanach royal officiel publie execution d un arrete du roi in French Vol 1 p 37 Jorgen Pedersen 2009 Riddere af Elefantordenen 1559 2009 in Danish Syddansk Universitetsforlag p 469 ISBN 978 87 7674 434 2 M amp B Wattel 2009 Les Grand Croix de la Legion d honneur de 1805 a nos jours Titulaires francais et etrangers Paris Archives amp Culture p 523 ISBN 978 2 35077 135 9 Italia Ministero dell interno 1898 Calendario generale del Regno d Italia Unione tipografico editrice p 54 刑部芳則 2017 明治時代の勲章外交儀礼 PDF in Japanese 明治聖徳記念学会紀要 p 143 Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III Guia Oficial de Espana in Spanish 1887 p 158 retrieved 21 March 2019 Caballeros de la insigne orden del toison de oro Guia Oficial de Espana in Spanish 1887 p 146 retrieved 21 March 2019 Sveriges statskalender in Swedish 1877 p 369 retrieved 2018 01 06 via runeberg org Norges Statskalender in Swedish 1890 pp 595 596 Retrieved 2018 01 06 via runeberg org External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charles Alexander Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach German royaltyPreceded byKarl Frederick Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach1853 1901 Succeeded byWilhelm Ernst Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Charles Alexander Grand Duke of Saxe Weimar Eisenach amp oldid 1180507821, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
