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Dir (clan)

April 25, 2023

Main article: Somali people

The Dir (Somali: Dir) is one of the largest and most prominent Somali clans in the Horn of Africa.[1][2][3] They are also considered to be the oldest Somali stock to have inhabited the region.[1][4][5] Its members inhabit Djibouti, Somalia, Ethiopia (Somali, Harar, Dire Dawa, Oromia and Afar regions), and northeastern Kenya (North Eastern Province).[2][6][3][7]

Dir
در النبيلة
Regions with significant populations
Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somaliland
Languages
Somali
Religion
Islam (Sunni)

Origins

Like the great majority of Somali clans, the Dir trace their ancestry to Aqil ibn Abi Talib (c. 580 – 670 or 683),[8] a cousin of the prophet Muhammad (c. 570 – 632) and an older brother of Ali ibn Abi Talib (c. 600 – 661) and Ja'far ibn Abi Talib (c. 590 – 629).[9] They trace their lineage to Aqil through Samaale (the source of the name 'Somali'), the purported forefather of the northern pastoralist clans such as the Dir, the Hawiye, and –matrilineally through the Dir– the Isaaq and the Darod.[8] Although these genealogical claims are historically untenable, they do reflect the longstanding cultural contacts between Somalia (especially, though not exclusively, its most northern part Somaliland) and Southern Arabia.[10]

History

The history of Islam being practised by the Dir clan goes back 1400 years. In Zeila, a Dir city, a mosque called Masjid al-Qiblatayn is known as the site of where early companions of the Prophet established a mosque shortly after the first Migration to Abyssinia[11] By the 7th century, a large-scale conversion to Islam was taking place in the Somali peninsula, first spread by the Dir clan family, to the rest of the nation.[12]

The early Adal Kingdom (9th century to 13th century) was an exclusive Dir Kingdom with its capital being Zeila.[13] In the 10th century, the Jarso clan a sub-division of Dir established the Dawaro Sultanate centred in Hararghe Highlands.

Dir is one of the oldest clans in the Horn of Africa. According to the Muslim chronicles, two of the oldest monarchies in the northern region, the Ifat and Adal sultanates, were led by Dir.[14]

The Dir, along with the Akisho, Gurgura, Issa and Gadabuursi subclans of the Dir represent the most native and indigenous Somali clan tree in Harar.[15][16][17]

The city Dire Dawa was originally called Dir Dhabe and used to be part of Adal Sultanate during the medieval times and was exclusively settled by Dir which is a major Somali tribe and after the weakening of Adal Sultanate, the Oromos took advantage and were able to penetrate through the city and settle into these areas and also assimilate some of the local Gurgura clan.[18]

The Somali Dir clan used to be the predominant inhabitants of Hararghe Highlands in the medieval times until the weakening of Adal Sultanate the Oromos took advantage of the crippling state and decided to invade and occupy the Haraghe Highlands and assimilate the local native Somali population which were Jarso, Gurgura, Nole, Metta, Oborra and Bursuk who were all sub-clans of Dir a major Somali tribe tree and were later confederated into Oromo Ethnics, the Afran Qallo tribes .

The Dir were supporters of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi during his 16th century conquest of Abyssinia; especially the Gurgura, Issa, Bursuk and Gadabuursi.[19] In his medieval Futuh Al-Habash documenting this campaign, the chronicler Shihāb al-Dīn indicates that thousands of Dir soldiers took part in Imam Ahmad's Adal Sultanate army.[20]

The Dir clan also led a revolt against the Italians during the colonial period. This revolt was mainly led by the Biimaal section of the Dir. The Biimaal clan is widely known for leading a resistance against the colonials in southern Somalia.The Biimaal violently resisted the imposition of colonialism and fought against the Italian colonialists of Italian Somaliland in a twenty-year war known as the Bimal revolt in which many of their warriors assassinated several Italian governors. This revolt can be compared to the war of the Mad Mullah in Somaliland.[21][22][23] The Biimaal mainly lives in Somalia, the Somali region of Ethiopia, which their Gaadsen sub-clan mainly inhabits and in the NEP region of Kenya.[24][25] The Biimaal are pastoralists. They were also successful merchants and traders in the 19th century.[26] In the 19th century they have engaged in multiple wars with the Geledi clan, which they were victorious in.[26][23]

Lineage

I.M. Lewis and many sources maintain that the Dir, a Proto-Somali, together with the Hawiye trace ancestry through Irir son of Samaale.[27][28][29][30][31] Dir is regarded as the father-in-law of Darod, the progenitor of the Darod clan[32] Although some sources state it was the daughter of Hawiye who Darod married.[33][34][35]

Dir clan lineages:

According to others, Dir had a fifth son, Qaldho Dir.

DNA analysis of Dir clan members inhabiting Djibouti found that all of the individuals belonged to the Y-DNA T1 paternal haplogroup.[36]

Branches

The main subclans of the Dir today are: 1. Mahe 2. Madaluug 3. Madoobe 4. Madahweyne

For the first time since several centuries the Dir clan which widely dispersed in the Horn of Africa has successfully convened a meeting with all the major Dir subclans in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Suldaan Dhawal, of the Habr 'Affan Gadabuursi was elected the head and representative of the Dir clan in the Horn of Africa.

Clan tree

The following list is based on Nuova Antologia (1890),[42] I.M. Lewis's book People of the Horn of Africa,[37] and a paper published in March 2002 by Ambroso Guido: Clanship, Conflict and Refugees: An Introduction to Somalis in the Horn of Africa.[43]

  • Samaale
    • Irir
      • Dir
      • Ali Gadabuursi
          • Gobe siciid
          • Jibraacin siciid
          • Samaroon Siciid
              • Yuusuf Samaroon [Habar Yuusuf ]
              • (Ciise Samaroon)
                • cisman ciise
                • Qeyr ciise
              • Siciid Samaroon
            • Habar Makador
              • Makahil
                • Makail Dera (Makayl-Dheere)
                • Bahabar Abdalo
                • Celi makaahiil
                • Ciye makaahiil
                • hassan makaahiil [Bahabar Xasan]
                • muuse makaahiil
                • jibriil muuse (( Afgaduud ))
                • Bah sanayo
                • jibril Yūnus
                • Adan Yūnus
                • Nur Yūnus (Reer Nuur)
                • Ali Yoonis
              • Mahad 'Asse
                • Reer maxamed
                • Bahabr Abokr
                • Bahabr Aden
                • Bahabr 'Eli
                • Abrayn
                • Bahabar muuse
            • Habar 'Affan
                • muusafiin
                • reer xaamud
                • faroole
                • xeebjire
                • cali ganuun
        • Madahwein
        • Mahe
          • Surre
          • Quranyow (Garre)[3][7]
          • Biimaal
            • Gaadsen
            • Daadoow
            • Sa'ad
            • Da'ud
            • Suleiman (Saleiban)
            • Ismiin
          • Bajimal

Notable Dir figures

Historical publications

  • Bughyaat al-amaal fii taariikh as-Soomaal, published in Mogadishu, Shariif 'Aydaruus Shariif 'Ali
  • Political History of Lower Shabelle, Dr. Mohamed Abukar Mahad (Gaetano)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Fage, J. D.; Oliver, Roland; Oliver, Roland Anthony; Clark, John Desmond; Gray, Richard; Flint, John E.; Roberts, A. D.; Sanderson, G. N.; Crowder, Michael (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-20981-6.
  2. ^ a b Ambroso, Guido (March 2002). "Clanship, Conflict and Refugees: An Introduction to Somalis in the Horn of Africa" (PDF). p. 6. Retrieved 7 February 2017.
  3. ^ a b c Hayward, R.J.; Lewis, I.M. (17 August 2005). Voice and Power. Routledge. p. 242. ISBN 9781135751753.
  4. ^ Lewis, I. M. (3 February 2017). Peoples of the Horn of Africa (Somali, Afar and Saho): North Eastern Africa Part I. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-30817-3.
  5. ^ Jama, Hassan Ali (2005). Who Cares about Somalia: Hassan's Ordeal; Reflections on a Nation's Future. Verlag Hans Schiler. ISBN 978-3-89930-075-8.
  6. ^ Ojielo, Ozzonia (May 2010). "Dynamics and Trends of Conflict in Greater Mandera" (PDF). undp.org. UNDP Kenya. p. 7. Retrieved 7 February 2017. Garre live in Southern Somalia, North Eastern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia. In Southern Somalia, they live in Kofur near Mogadishu and El Wak District in Gedo Province. In Ethiopia, they live in Moyale, Hudet and Woreda of Liban zone. In Kenya, the Garre inhabit Wajir North and Moyale.
  7. ^ a b Ozzonia (2010), page 7. The Quranyo section of the Garre claim descent from Dirr, who are born of the Irrir Samal.
  8. ^ a b Lewis 1961, pp. 11–12.
  9. ^ Rubin 2009.
  10. ^ Lewis 1994, pp. 102–106, esp. p. 105.
  11. ^ Briggs, Phillip (2012). Somaliland. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 7. ISBN 978-1841623719.
  12. ^ Holzer, Georg-Sebastian (2008). "POLITICAL ISLAM IN SOMALIA: A fertile ground for radical Islamic groups?". Geo Politics of the Middle East. 1: 23.
  13. ^ Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 25. Americana Corporation. 1965. p. 255.
  14. ^ Futūḥ al-Ḥabasha. (n.d.). Christian-Muslim Relations 1500 - 1900. doi:10.1163/2451-9537_cmrii_com_26077
  15. ^ Slikkerveer (28 October 2013). Plural Medical Systems In The Horn Of Africa: The Legacy Of Sheikh Hippocrates. Routledge. p. 140. ISBN 9781136143304.
  16. ^ Lewis, I. M. (1998). Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society. p. 100. ISBN 9781569021033.
  17. ^ Lewis, I. M. (17 March 2003). A Modern History of the Somali: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa. ISBN 9780821445730.
  18. ^ ʻArabfaqīh, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir (1 January 2003). The conquest of Abyssinia: 16th century. Annotation: Dir, According to Huntingford a settlement which may be modern Dire Dawa. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. p. 24. ISBN 9780972317269.
  19. ^ Sihab ad-Din Ahmad bin'Abd al-Qader, Futuh al-Habasa: The conquest of Ethiopia, translated by Paul Lester Stenhouse with annotations by Richard Pankhurst (Hollywood: Tsehai, 2003), pp. 50, 76
  20. ^ Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir ʻArabfaqīh, Translated by Paul Stenhouse, Richard Pankhurst (2003). The conquest of Abyssinia: 16th century. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. p. 77. ISBN 9780972317269.
  21. ^ Ciisa-Salwe, Cabdisalaam M. (1 January 1996). The collapse of the Somali state: the impact of the colonial legacy. HAAN. p. 19. ISBN 9781874209270.
  22. ^ Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (1 January 2001). Culture and Customs of Somalia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 23. ISBN 9780313313332.
  23. ^ a b Kariye, Badal (23 July 2010). The Kaleidoscopic Lover: The Civil War in the Horn of Africa & My Itinerary for a Peaceful Lover. Author House. p. 83. ISBN 9781452004648. Twenty year war
  24. ^ Schlee, Günther (1 January 1989). Identities on the Move: Clanship and Pastoralism in Northern Kenya. Manchester University Press. pp. 107, 108, 275 and 99. ISBN 9780719030109. Biimal
  25. ^ Kefale, Asnake (31 July 2013). Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Ethiopia: A Comparative Regional Study. Routledge. p. 89. ISBN 9781135017989. gadsan
  26. ^ a b Olson, James Stuart (1 January 1996). The Peoples of Africa: An Ethnohistorical Dictionary. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 97. ISBN 9780313279188.
  27. ^ Ahmed, Ali Jimale (1995). The Invention of Somalia. Lawrenceville, NJ: The Red Sea Press Inc. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-932415-98-1.
  28. ^ Lewis 1994, p. 104.
  29. ^ Lewis, I.M. (2008). Understanding Somali and Somaliland Society: Culture History and Society. Hurst. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-85065-898-6.
  30. ^ Lewis, I.M. (1 January 1998). Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-based Society. The Red Sea Press. p. 99-Chapter 8. ISBN 9781569021033.
  31. ^ Ahmed, Ali Jimale (1 January 1995). The Invention of Somalia. The Red Sea Press. p. 246. ISBN 9780932415998.
  32. ^ Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (25 February 2003). Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Scarecrow Press. p. 71. ISBN 9780810866041.
  33. ^ Burton, Sir Richard Francis; Burton, Lady Isabel (1893). The Works of Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton: First footsteps in East Africa. Tylston & Edwards. p. 74. where he married a daughter of the Hawiyah tribe: rival races declare him to have been a Galla slave
  34. ^ Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society. Longmans, Green. 1 January 1921. p. 54. was shipwrecked on the Somali coast where he married a Hawiyah woman
  35. ^ Burton, Richard Francis (1 January 1856). First Footsteps in East Africa. Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans. pp. 104. where he married a daughter of the Hawiyah tribe
  36. ^ Iacovacci, Giuseppe; et al. (2017). "Forensic data and microvariant sequence characterization of 27 Y-STR loci analyzed in four Eastern African countries". Forensic Science International: Genetics. 27: 123–131. doi:10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.12.015. PMID 28068531. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h Lewis, I.M. (1 January 1998). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho. Red Sea Press. ISBN 9781569021057. At the end of the book "Tribal Distribution of Somali Afar and Saho"
  38. ^ a b Ahmed, Ali Jimale (1 January 1995). The Invention of Somalia. The Red Sea Press. p. 131. ISBN 9780932415998.
  39. ^ Africa Confidential. Miramoor Publications Limited. 1 January 1994. p. 17.
  40. ^ Verdier, Isabelle (31 May 1997). Ethiopia: the top 100 people. Indigo Publications. p. 13. ISBN 9782905760128.
  41. ^ Regional & Federal Studies. Volume 24, Issue 5, 2014. Special Issue: Federalism and Decentralization in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ethnic Decentralization and the Challenges of Inclusive Governance in Multiethnic Cities: The Case of Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
  42. ^ a b Protonotari, Francesco (1 January 1890). Nuova Antologia (in Italian). Direzione della Nuova Antologia. p. 343.
  43. ^ Ambroso (2002), page 6 and clan tables after page 64.
  44. ^ Lewis, I.M. (1 January 1998). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho. Red Sea Press. p. 25. ISBN 9781569021057.
  45. ^ Abdullahi, p. 172.
  46. ^ Johnson, p. xv.
  47. ^ Phillips, Sarah. Developmental Leadership Program – Policy and Practice for Developmental Leaders, Elites and Coalitions Political Settlements and State Formation: The Case of Somaliland 2017-02-02 at the Wayback Machine University of Sydney, December 2013, page 9.
  48. ^ The Indian Ocean Newsletter — PM Desalegn picks his candidate to head IGAD 19 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine "Abdirahman Duale Beyle, a former Somali Foreign Minister" "an economist who hails from the Gadabursi community."
  49. ^ . Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  50. ^ "Nominated Ministers and Their Clans". Goobjoog. 28 January 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  51. ^ ʻArabfaqīh, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir (1 January 2003). The conquest of Abyssinia: 16th century. The Habar Makadur, underneath the page as a note [I.M. Lewis] by Richard Pankhurst. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. p. 27. ISBN 9780972317269.
  52. ^ Lewis, I.M. (1998). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho. The Gadabursi. Red Sea Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-1569021040. There are two main fractions, the Habr Afan and Habr Makadur, formerly united under a common hereditary chief (ogaz).
  53. ^ page 210
  54. ^ geeskadmin (10 December 2014). "Kenya: Ethiopia Replaced Ambassador Shemsedin Ahmed for security reasons - Geeska Afrika Online". Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  55. ^ Untitled "Mawlid Hayir Hassan, Regional Vice president," page 27.
  56. ^ The Indian Ocean Newsletter — Rise of SPDP in Addis gives green light for internal purge ""including the Vice President of SNRS, Mawlid Hayir."
  57. ^ Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (25 February 2003). Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Scarecrow Press. p. 199. ISBN 9780810866041. Sheikh Abdi Abitkar "Gaafle"
  58. ^ Lewis, I.M. (1 January 1958). "The Gadabuursi Somali Script". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 21 (1/3): 134–156. doi:10.1017/s0041977x00063278. JSTOR 610496. S2CID 161856327.
  59. ^ Rayne, Henry a (8 August 2015). Sun, Sand and Somals; Leaves from the Note-Book of a District Commissioner in British Somaliland. BiblioLife. ISBN 9781297569760.
  60. ^ Farah, Rachad (1 September 2013). Un embajador en el centro de los acontecimientos (in Spanish). Editions L'Harmattan. p. 17. ISBN 9782336321356.
  61. ^ As indicated in Morin (2005:640) the name of "Cote francaise des Somalis" itself is said to have been proposed by hağği Diideh (Mahad-Ase clan of Gedebursi. He was Prosperous merchant of Zayla who built the first Mosque in Djibouti Ğami ar-Rahma in 1891) to the French administration in imitation of British Somaliland, page 92
  62. ^ Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (25 February 2003). Historical Dictionary of Somalia. Scarecrow Press. p. 247. ISBN 9780810866041.
  63. ^ Yussur Abrar (Dir/Gadabursi), who hails from Borama in Somaliland
  64. ^ Quath, Faati (1957). Islam Walbaasha Cabra Taarikh [Islam and Abyssinia throughout history] (in Arabic). Cairo, Egypt.

Sources

  • Lewis, Ioan M. (1961). A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780852552803.
  • Lewis, Ioan M. (1994). Blood and Bone: The Call of Kinship in Somali Society. Lawrencewill, NJ: The Red Sea Press. ISBN 0-932415-93-8.
  • Rubin, Uri (2009). "ʿAqīl b. Abī Ṭālib". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_23073.

April 25, 2023
clan, main, article, somali, people, somali, largest, most, prominent, somali, clans, horn, africa, they, also, considered, oldest, somali, stock, have, inhabited, region, members, inhabit, djibouti, somalia, ethiopia, somali, harar, dire, dawa, oromia, afar, . Main article Somali people The Dir Somali Dir is one of the largest and most prominent Somali clans in the Horn of Africa 1 2 3 They are also considered to be the oldest Somali stock to have inhabited the region 1 4 5 Its members inhabit Djibouti Somalia Ethiopia Somali Harar Dire Dawa Oromia and Afar regions and northeastern Kenya North Eastern Province 2 6 3 7 Dir در النبيلةRegions with significant populationsSomalia Djibouti Ethiopia Kenya SomalilandLanguagesSomaliReligionIslam Sunni Contents 1 Origins 2 History 3 Lineage 4 Branches 5 Clan tree 6 Notable Dir figures 7 Historical publications 8 See also 9 Notes 9 1 SourcesOriginsLike the great majority of Somali clans the Dir trace their ancestry to Aqil ibn Abi Talib c 580 670 or 683 8 a cousin of the prophet Muhammad c 570 632 and an older brother of Ali ibn Abi Talib c 600 661 and Ja far ibn Abi Talib c 590 629 9 They trace their lineage to Aqil through Samaale the source of the name Somali the purported forefather of the northern pastoralist clans such as the Dir the Hawiye and matrilineally through the Dir the Isaaq and the Darod 8 Although these genealogical claims are historically untenable they do reflect the longstanding cultural contacts between Somalia especially though not exclusively its most northern part Somaliland and Southern Arabia 10 HistoryThe history of Islam being practised by the Dir clan goes back 1400 years In Zeila a Dir city a mosque called Masjid al Qiblatayn is known as the site of where early companions of the Prophet established a mosque shortly after the first Migration to Abyssinia 11 By the 7th century a large scale conversion to Islam was taking place in the Somali peninsula first spread by the Dir clan family to the rest of the nation 12 The early Adal Kingdom 9th century to 13th century was an exclusive Dir Kingdom with its capital being Zeila 13 In the 10th century the Jarso clan a sub division of Dir established the Dawaro Sultanate centred in Hararghe Highlands Dir is one of the oldest clans in the Horn of Africa According to the Muslim chronicles two of the oldest monarchies in the northern region the Ifat and Adal sultanates were led by Dir 14 The Dir along with the Akisho Gurgura Issa and Gadabuursi subclans of the Dir represent the most native and indigenous Somali clan tree in Harar 15 16 17 The city Dire Dawa was originally called Dir Dhabe and used to be part of Adal Sultanate during the medieval times and was exclusively settled by Dir which is a major Somali tribe and after the weakening of Adal Sultanate the Oromos took advantage and were able to penetrate through the city and settle into these areas and also assimilate some of the local Gurgura clan 18 The Somali Dir clan used to be the predominant inhabitants of Hararghe Highlands in the medieval times until the weakening of Adal Sultanate the Oromos took advantage of the crippling state and decided to invade and occupy the Haraghe Highlands and assimilate the local native Somali population which were Jarso Gurgura Nole Metta Oborra and Bursuk who were all sub clans of Dir a major Somali tribe tree and were later confederated into Oromo Ethnics the Afran Qallo tribes The Dir were supporters of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al Ghazi during his 16th century conquest of Abyssinia especially the Gurgura Issa Bursuk and Gadabuursi 19 In his medieval Futuh Al Habash documenting this campaign the chronicler Shihab al Din indicates that thousands of Dir soldiers took part in Imam Ahmad s Adal Sultanate army 20 The Dir clan also led a revolt against the Italians during the colonial period This revolt was mainly led by the Biimaal section of the Dir The Biimaal clan is widely known for leading a resistance against the colonials in southern Somalia The Biimaal violently resisted the imposition of colonialism and fought against the Italian colonialists of Italian Somaliland in a twenty year war known as the Bimal revolt in which many of their warriors assassinated several Italian governors This revolt can be compared to the war of the Mad Mullah in Somaliland 21 22 23 The Biimaal mainly lives in Somalia the Somali region of Ethiopia which their Gaadsen sub clan mainly inhabits and in the NEP region of Kenya 24 25 The Biimaal are pastoralists They were also successful merchants and traders in the 19th century 26 In the 19th century they have engaged in multiple wars with the Geledi clan which they were victorious in 26 23 LineageI M Lewis and many sources maintain that the Dir a Proto Somali together with the Hawiye trace ancestry through Irir son of Samaale 27 28 29 30 31 Dir is regarded as the father in law of Darod the progenitor of the Darod clan 32 Although some sources state it was the daughter of Hawiye who Darod married 33 34 35 Dir clan lineages Madahweyne Dir Akisho Gurre Gurgura Barsuug Madaluug Dir Gadabuursi Madoobe Dir Issa Mahe Dir Biimaal Surre Quranyow Garre IsaaqAccording to others Dir had a fifth son Qaldho Dir DNA analysis of Dir clan members inhabiting Djibouti found that all of the individuals belonged to the Y DNA T1 paternal haplogroup 36 BranchesThe main subclans of the Dir today are 1 Mahe 2 Madaluug 3 Madoobe 4 Madahweyne Akisho Issa Essa 37 Bimaal Bimal 37 38 Gadabuursi Gadabursi 37 Jaarso Jaarso Surre 39 38 Quranyow of the Garre Gurgura Gurgure 40 41 Gariire Gerire 37 Gurre Goora 37 Bajimal Bajumal 37 Barsuug Bursuk 37 For the first time since several centuries the Dir clan which widely dispersed in the Horn of Africa has successfully convened a meeting with all the major Dir subclans in Addis Ababa Ethiopia Suldaan Dhawal of the Habr Affan Gadabuursi was elected the head and representative of the Dir clan in the Horn of Africa Clan treeThe following list is based on Nuova Antologia 1890 42 I M Lewis s book People of the Horn of Africa 37 and a paper published in March 2002 by Ambroso Guido Clanship Conflict and Refugees An Introduction to Somalis in the Horn of Africa 43 Samaale Irir Dir Mahe Dir Murdadle Madobe Issa Eleye Walaldon Horone Furlabe Urweyn Wardiq Madaluug Gadabursi Samaron 44 42 Ali Gadabuursi Gobe siciid Jibraacin siciid Samaroon Siciid Yuusuf Samaroon Habar Yuusuf Ciise Samaroon cisman ciise Qeyr ciise Siciid Samaroon Habar Makador Makahil Makail Dera Makayl Dheere Bahabar Abdalo Celi makaahiil Ciye makaahiil hassan makaahiil Bahabar Xasan muuse makaahiil jibriil muuse Afgaduud Bah sanayo jibril Yunus Adan Yunus Nur Yunus Reer Nuur Ali Yoonis Mahad Asse Reer maxamed Bahabr Abokr Bahabr Aden Bahabr Eli Abrayn Bahabar muuse Habar Affan muusafiin reer xaamud faroole xeebjire cali ganuun Madahwein Akisho Jaarso Gurgura Gurre Gariire Bursuk Mahe Surre Quranyow Garre 3 7 Biimaal Gaadsen Daadoow Sa ad Da ud Suleiman Saleiban Ismiin BajimalNotable Dir figuresAhmed Shide current minister of finance of Ethiopia Abdi Hassan Buni politician minister of British Somaliland and first deputy prime minister of the Somali Republic Abdi Ismail Samatar Somali scholar writer and professor Ahmad Naaji Ibrahim Bakal Charge d Affaires a i of the League of Arab States in South Africa Abdi Sinimo a Somali singer and songwriter noted for having established the balwo genre of Somali music 45 46 Abdi Warsame Isaq chairman of the Southern Somali National Movement Abdikarim Yusuf Adam previous leader of Somali National Army Abdirahman Aw Ali Farrah first Somaliland Vice President between 1993 and 1997 47 Abdirahman Beyle former Foreign Affairs Minister of Somalia an economist 48 Abdirahman Ibbi former Deputy Prime Minister of Somalia Minister of Information and is serving as Member of the Federal Parliament of Somalia Abdirahman Sayli i current vice president of Somaliland 49 Abdo Hamargoodh Djiboutian musician Said Hamargoodh Djiboutian musician Abdourahman Waberi novelist Abdullahi Sheikh Ismail former Somali Ambassador to Russian federation and former foreign minister Abdusalam Hadliye Foreign Affairs Minister of Somalia former Governor of the Central Bank of Somalia 50 Aden Isaq Ahmed Minister and Politician of the Somali Republic Aden Robleh Awaleh president of the National Democratic Party Aden Nuriye part of the prominent Ambassadorial Brothers and former Djiboutian ambassador and current adviser to the President of Djibouti Ahmed Gerri of the Habar Maqdi Makadi Makadur of the Conquest of Abyssinia 51 52 Ahmed Boulaleh Djiboutian politician Ahmed Gabobe Minister of Justice and Religious Affairs of Somalia Ahmed Ismail Samatar Somali writer professor and former dean of the Institute for Global Citizenship at Macalester College Editor of Bildhaan An International Journal of Somali Studies Ato Hussein Ismail Ethiopian long serving Statesman and first Somali to become member of the Ethiopian Parliament Ato Shemsedin Somali Ethiopian Politician previous Ethiopian ambassador to Djibouti Kenya Deputy Minister of Mining and Energy and first Vice Chairman and one of the founders of ESDL 53 54 Ayanleh Souleiman Djiboutian athlete Barkhad Awale Adan Somali journalist and director of Radio Hurma Daher Ahmed Farah Djiboutian politician Dahir Riyale Kahin third President of Somaliland Djama Ali Moussa First Senator of Djibouti or French Somaliland Djama Rabile a Somali statesman of the former Somali Republic and Somali Democratic Republic Haji Ibrahim Nur minister merchant and politician of former British Somaliland Protectorate Hassan Gouled Aptidon 1916 2006 first President of Djibouti from 1977 to 1999 Hassan Mead American distance runner Hassan Sheikh Mumin author of Shabeel Naagood or Leopard among the Women Hibo Nura a Somali singer Hussein Ahmed Salah Djiboutian marathon runner Ismail Omar Guelleh current President of Djibouti Ismail Nuriye part of the prominent Ambassadorial Brothers and former Ethiopian ambassador Khadija Qalanjo a popular Somali singer Mahmoud Harbi vice president of the Government Council of French Somaliland Ahmed Goumane Roble Djiboutian Politician Mawlid Hayir current vice president and minister of education and former governor of Jigjiga zone of the Somali region of Ethiopia 55 56 Mohamed Fourchette Djiboutian musician Lula Ali Ismail Djiboutian Canadian film director Aden Farah Samatar Djiboutian Musician Moumina Houssein Darar Djiboutian Anti Terrorism police investigator Aden Farah Speaker of House of Federation Ethiopia Fadumo Ahmed Dhimbiil Djiboutian Musician Xabiiba Cabdilaahi Djiboutian Musician Mohamed Dubad Somali politician served as member of Somalia parliament and Charge D Affaires in the United Nations Mohamed Nuriye part of the prominent Ambassadorial Brothers and former ambassador for Somalia Moumin Bahdon Djiboutian politician Mumin Gala Djiboutian athlete Col Muse Rabile Ghod a Somali military leader and statesman of the Somali Democratic Republic Nima Djama Djiboutian musician Hussein Ahmed Salah Djiboutian marathon runner Omar Farah Iltireh Djiboutian politician Omar Osman Rabe Somali scholar writer professor politician and pan Somalist Roble Olhaye permanent representative to the United Nations for the Republic of Djibouti Sheikh Yusuf Sheikh Ibrahim Sheikh Yusuf Direed Central Somalia Religious Leader Sheikh Abdi Abikar Gafle famous religious leader and warrior 57 Sheikh Abdurahman Sh Nur religious leader qadi and the inventor of the Borama script 58 Suleiman Ahmed Guleid President of Amoud University Sultan Dideh sultan of Zeila prosperous merchant and built first mosque in Djibouti He also proposed the name Cote francaise des Somalis to the French 59 60 61 Ughaz Elmi Warfa 13th Malak King of the Gadabursi Ughaz Nur II 11th Malak King of the Gadabursi 62 Yacin Bouh Djiboutian politician Yussur Abrar former governor of the Central Bank of Somalia 63 Yusuf Tallan previous leader of Somali National Army Yusuf bin Ahmad al Kawneyn 64 Historical publicationsBughyaat al amaal fii taariikh as Soomaal published in Mogadishu Shariif Aydaruus Shariif Ali Political History of Lower Shabelle Dr Mohamed Abukar Mahad Gaetano See alsoSomali aristocratic and court titlesNotes a b Fage J D Oliver Roland Oliver Roland Anthony Clark John Desmond Gray Richard Flint John E Roberts A D Sanderson G N Crowder Michael 1975 The Cambridge History of Africa Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 20981 6 a b Ambroso Guido March 2002 Clanship Conflict and Refugees An Introduction to Somalis in the Horn of Africa PDF p 6 Retrieved 7 February 2017 a b c Hayward R J Lewis I M 17 August 2005 Voice and Power Routledge p 242 ISBN 9781135751753 Lewis I M 3 February 2017 Peoples of the Horn of Africa Somali Afar and Saho North Eastern Africa Part I Routledge ISBN 978 1 315 30817 3 Jama Hassan Ali 2005 Who Cares about Somalia Hassan s Ordeal Reflections on a Nation s Future Verlag Hans Schiler ISBN 978 3 89930 075 8 Ojielo Ozzonia May 2010 Dynamics and Trends of Conflict in Greater Mandera PDF undp org UNDP Kenya p 7 Retrieved 7 February 2017 Garre live in Southern Somalia North Eastern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia In Southern Somalia they live in Kofur near Mogadishu and El Wak District in Gedo Province In Ethiopia they live in Moyale Hudet and Woreda of Liban zone In Kenya the Garre inhabit Wajir North and Moyale a b Ozzonia 2010 page 7 The Quranyo section of the Garre claim descent from Dirr who are born of the Irrir Samal a b Lewis 1961 pp 11 12 Rubin 2009 Lewis 1994 pp 102 106 esp p 105 Briggs Phillip 2012 Somaliland Bradt Travel Guides p 7 ISBN 978 1841623719 Holzer Georg Sebastian 2008 POLITICAL ISLAM IN SOMALIA A fertile ground for radical Islamic groups Geo Politics of the Middle East 1 23 Encyclopedia Americana Volume 25 Americana Corporation 1965 p 255 Futuḥ al Ḥabasha n d Christian Muslim Relations 1500 1900 doi 10 1163 2451 9537 cmrii com 26077 Slikkerveer 28 October 2013 Plural Medical Systems In The Horn Of Africa The Legacy Of Sheikh Hippocrates Routledge p 140 ISBN 9781136143304 Lewis I M 1998 Saints and Somalis Popular Islam in a Clan based Society p 100 ISBN 9781569021033 Lewis I M 17 March 2003 A Modern History of the Somali Nation and State in the Horn of Africa ISBN 9780821445730 ʻArabfaqih Shihab al Din Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al Qadir 1 January 2003 The conquest of Abyssinia 16th century Annotation Dir According to Huntingford a settlement which may be modern Dire Dawa Tsehai Publishers amp Distributors p 24 ISBN 9780972317269 Sihab ad Din Ahmad bin Abd al Qader Futuh al Habasa The conquest of Ethiopia translated by Paul Lester Stenhouse with annotations by Richard Pankhurst Hollywood Tsehai 2003 pp 50 76 Shihab al Din Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al Qadir ʻArabfaqih Translated by Paul Stenhouse Richard Pankhurst 2003 The conquest of Abyssinia 16th century Tsehai Publishers amp Distributors p 77 ISBN 9780972317269 Ciisa Salwe Cabdisalaam M 1 January 1996 The collapse of the Somali state the impact of the colonial legacy HAAN p 19 ISBN 9781874209270 Abdullahi Mohamed Diriye 1 January 2001 Culture and Customs of Somalia Greenwood Publishing Group p 23 ISBN 9780313313332 a b Kariye Badal 23 July 2010 The Kaleidoscopic Lover The Civil War in the Horn of Africa amp My Itinerary for a Peaceful Lover Author House p 83 ISBN 9781452004648 Twenty year war Schlee Gunther 1 January 1989 Identities on the Move Clanship and Pastoralism in Northern Kenya Manchester University Press pp 107 108 275 and 99 ISBN 9780719030109 Biimal Kefale Asnake 31 July 2013 Federalism and Ethnic Conflict in Ethiopia A Comparative Regional Study Routledge p 89 ISBN 9781135017989 gadsan a b Olson James Stuart 1 January 1996 The Peoples of Africa An Ethnohistorical Dictionary Greenwood Publishing Group p 97 ISBN 9780313279188 Ahmed Ali Jimale 1995 The Invention of Somalia Lawrenceville NJ The Red Sea Press Inc p 124 ISBN 978 0 932415 98 1 Lewis 1994 p 104 Lewis I M 2008 Understanding Somali and Somaliland Society Culture History and Society Hurst p 4 ISBN 978 1 85065 898 6 Lewis I M 1 January 1998 Saints and Somalis Popular Islam in a Clan based Society The Red Sea Press p 99 Chapter 8 ISBN 9781569021033 Ahmed Ali Jimale 1 January 1995 The Invention of Somalia The Red Sea Press p 246 ISBN 9780932415998 Mukhtar Mohamed Haji 25 February 2003 Historical Dictionary of Somalia Scarecrow Press p 71 ISBN 9780810866041 Burton Sir Richard Francis Burton Lady Isabel 1893 The Works of Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton First footsteps in East Africa Tylston amp Edwards p 74 where he married a daughter of the Hawiyah tribe rival races declare him to have been a Galla slave Journal of the East Africa and Uganda Natural History Society Longmans Green 1 January 1921 p 54 was shipwrecked on the Somali coast where he married a Hawiyah woman Burton Richard Francis 1 January 1856 First Footsteps in East Africa Longman Brown Green amp Longmans pp 104 where he married a daughter of the Hawiyah tribe Iacovacci Giuseppe et al 2017 Forensic data and microvariant sequence characterization of 27 Y STR loci analyzed in four Eastern African countries Forensic Science International Genetics 27 123 131 doi 10 1016 j fsigen 2016 12 015 PMID 28068531 Retrieved 19 January 2018 a b c d e f g h Lewis I M 1 January 1998 Peoples of the Horn of Africa Somali Afar and Saho Red Sea Press ISBN 9781569021057 At the end of the book Tribal Distribution of Somali Afar and Saho a b Ahmed Ali Jimale 1 January 1995 The Invention of Somalia The Red Sea Press p 131 ISBN 9780932415998 Africa Confidential Miramoor Publications Limited 1 January 1994 p 17 Verdier Isabelle 31 May 1997 Ethiopia the top 100 people Indigo Publications p 13 ISBN 9782905760128 Regional amp Federal Studies Volume 24 Issue 5 2014 Special Issue Federalism and Decentralization in Sub Saharan Africa Ethnic Decentralization and the Challenges of Inclusive Governance in Multiethnic Cities The Case of Dire Dawa Ethiopia a b Protonotari Francesco 1 January 1890 Nuova Antologia in Italian Direzione della Nuova Antologia p 343 Ambroso 2002 page 6 and clan tables after page 64 Lewis I M 1 January 1998 Peoples of the Horn of Africa Somali Afar and Saho Red Sea Press p 25 ISBN 9781569021057 Abdullahi p 172 Johnson p xv Phillips Sarah Developmental Leadership Program Policy and Practice for Developmental Leaders Elites and Coalitions Political Settlements and State Formation The Case of Somaliland Archived 2017 02 02 at the Wayback Machine University of Sydney December 2013 page 9 The Indian Ocean Newsletter PM Desalegn picks his candidate to head IGAD Archived 19 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine Abdirahman Duale Beyle a former Somali Foreign Minister an economist who hails from the Gadabursi community Vice President Saylici whose Gadabursi Archived from the original on 2 February 2017 Retrieved 1 February 2017 Nominated Ministers and Their Clans Goobjoog 28 January 2015 Retrieved 28 January 2015 ʻArabfaqih Shihab al Din Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al Qadir 1 January 2003 The conquest of Abyssinia 16th century The Habar Makadur underneath the page as a note I M Lewis by Richard Pankhurst Tsehai Publishers amp Distributors p 27 ISBN 9780972317269 Lewis I M 1998 Peoples of the Horn of Africa Somali Afar and Saho The Gadabursi Red Sea Press p 25 ISBN 978 1569021040 There are two main fractions the Habr Afan and Habr Makadur formerly united under a common hereditary chief ogaz page 210 geeskadmin 10 December 2014 Kenya Ethiopia Replaced Ambassador Shemsedin Ahmed for security reasons Geeska Afrika Online Retrieved 18 August 2016 Untitled Mawlid Hayir Hassan Regional Vice president page 27 The Indian Ocean Newsletter Rise of SPDP in Addis gives green light for internal purge including the Vice President of SNRS Mawlid Hayir Mukhtar Mohamed Haji 25 February 2003 Historical Dictionary of Somalia Scarecrow Press p 199 ISBN 9780810866041 Sheikh Abdi Abitkar Gaafle Lewis I M 1 January 1958 The Gadabuursi Somali Script Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies University of London 21 1 3 134 156 doi 10 1017 s0041977x00063278 JSTOR 610496 S2CID 161856327 Rayne Henry a 8 August 2015 Sun Sand and Somals Leaves from the Note Book of a District Commissioner in British Somaliland BiblioLife ISBN 9781297569760 Farah Rachad 1 September 2013 Un embajador en el centro de los acontecimientos in Spanish Editions L Harmattan p 17 ISBN 9782336321356 As indicated in Morin 2005 640 the name of Cote francaise des Somalis itself is said to have been proposed by haggi Diideh Mahad Ase clan of Gedebursi He was Prosperous merchant of Zayla who built the first Mosque in Djibouti Gami ar Rahma in 1891 to the French administration in imitation of British Somaliland page 92 Mukhtar Mohamed Haji 25 February 2003 Historical Dictionary of Somalia Scarecrow Press p 247 ISBN 9780810866041 Yussur Abrar Dir Gadabursi who hails from Borama in Somaliland Quath Faati 1957 Islam Walbaasha Cabra Taarikh Islam and Abyssinia throughout history in Arabic Cairo Egypt Sources Lewis Ioan M 1961 A Pastoral Democracy A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 9780852552803 Lewis Ioan M 1994 Blood and Bone The Call of Kinship in Somali Society Lawrencewill NJ The Red Sea Press ISBN 0 932415 93 8 Rubin Uri 2009 ʿAqil b Abi Ṭalib In Fleet Kate Kramer Gudrun Matringe Denis Nawas John Rowson Everett eds Encyclopaedia of Islam Three doi 10 1163 1573 3912 ei3 COM 23073 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dir clan amp oldid 1147086540, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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