A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceivedkinship[1] and descent. Even if lineage details are unknown, clans may claim descent from founding member or apical ancestor. Clans, in indigenous societies, tend to be endogamous, meaning that their members can marry one another. Clans preceded[citation needed] more centralized forms of community organization and government, and exist in every country.[citation needed] Members may identify with a coat of arms or other symbol to show that they are an independent clan[clarify]. Kinship-based groups may also have a symbolic ancestor, whereby the clan shares a "stipulated" common ancestor who serves as a symbol of the clan's unity.
The English word "clan" is derived from old Irish clann[1] meaning "children", "offspring", "progeny" or "descendants"; it is not from the word for "family" or "clan" in either Irish[2][3] or Scottish Gaelic. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the word "clan" was introduced into English in around 1425, as a descriptive label for the organization of society in Ireland and the Scottish Highlands.[4]
None of the Irish and Scottish Gaelic terms for kinship groups is cognate to English clan; Scottish Gaelic clann means "descendants":
teaghlach means "family" in the sense of the nuclear family, or can include more distant relatives living in the same house
líon tí means either "family" in the sense of "household", or everyone who lives in the house, including non-relatives
muintir means "family" in the broad sense of "kinsfolk"[3]
Clans as political units
In different cultures and situations, a clan usually has different meaning than other kin-based groups, such as tribes and bands. Often, the distinguishing factor is that a clan is a smaller, integral part of a larger society such as a tribe, chiefdom, or a state. In some societies, clans may have an official leader such as a chief, matriarch or patriarch; or such leadership role is performed by elders. In others, leadership positions may have to be achieved.
Examples include Irish, Scottish, Chinese, Korean, and Japanese clans, which exist as distinct social groupings within their respective nations. Note, however, that tribes and bands can also be components of larger societies. The early Norse clans, the ætter, are often translated as "house" or "line". The Biblical tribes of Israel were composed of many clans.[5]Arab clans are sub-tribal groups within Arab society. Native American and First Nations peoples, often referred to as "tribes", also have clans. For instance, Ojibwa bands are smaller parts of the Ojibwa people or tribe in North America. The many Native American peoples are distinguished by language and culture, and most have clans and bands as the basic kinship organizations. In some cases tribes recognized each other's clans; for instance, both the Chickasaw and Choctaw tribes of the Southeast United States had fox and bear clans, who felt a kinship that reached beyond their respective tribes.
Apart from these different historical traditions of kinship, conceptual confusion arises from colloquial usages of the term. In post-Soviet countries, for example, it is quite common to speak of "clans" in reference to informal networks within the economic and political sphere. This usage reflects the assumption that their members act towards each other in a particularly close and mutually supportive way, approximating the solidarity among kinsmen. Similar usage of the term applies to specific groups of various cultures and nationalities involved in organized crime. Polish clans differ from most others as they are a collection of families who bear the same coat of arms, as opposed to claiming a common descent (see Polish heraldry). There are multiple closely related clans in the Indian subcontinent, especially South India.
Romani people have many clans which are called vitsa in Romani.
Clannism
Clannism (in Somali culture, qabiilism)[6] is system of society based on clan affiliation.[7]
^ ab Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Clan" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 419–421.
^Dineen, Patrick S. (1927). Foclóir Gaeďilge agus Béarla [Dictionary of Irish and English]. Dublin and Cork, Ireland: The Educational Company of Ireland.
^See, for example, 1 Chronicles 4 and Numbers 26 in the Old Testament.
^Farah, Abdulkadir Osman (25 October 2012). Transnationalism And Civic Engagement. p. 25. ISBN9781912234776.
^Banana, Canaan (1996). The church in the struggle for Zimbabwe. p. 41.
^Asuelime, Lucky (2014). Selected Themes in African Political Studies: Political Conflict and Stability. p. 15.
^Warah, Rasna (2014). Selected Themes in African Political Studies: Political Conflict and Stability. p. 45.
February 19, 2023
clan, other, uses, disambiguation, smen, redirects, here, other, uses, sman, disambiguation, clan, group, people, united, actual, perceived, kinship, descent, even, lineage, details, unknown, clans, claim, descent, from, founding, member, apical, ancestor, ind. For other uses see Clan disambiguation Clansmen redirects here For other uses see Clansman disambiguation A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship 1 and descent Even if lineage details are unknown clans may claim descent from founding member or apical ancestor Clans in indigenous societies tend to be endogamous meaning that their members can marry one another Clans preceded citation needed more centralized forms of community organization and government and exist in every country citation needed Members may identify with a coat of arms or other symbol to show that they are an independent clan clarify Kinship based groups may also have a symbolic ancestor whereby the clan shares a stipulated common ancestor who serves as a symbol of the clan s unity Contents 1 Etymology 2 Clans as political units 2 1 Clannism 3 Clans by continent or region 4 See also 5 ReferencesEtymology EditThe English word clan is derived from old Irish clann 1 meaning children offspring progeny or descendants it is not from the word for family or clan in either Irish 2 3 or Scottish Gaelic According to the Oxford English Dictionary the word clan was introduced into English in around 1425 as a descriptive label for the organization of society in Ireland and the Scottish Highlands 4 None of the Irish and Scottish Gaelic terms for kinship groups is cognate to English clan Scottish Gaelic clann means descendants fine ˈfʲɪnʲe means English clan teaghlach means family in the sense of the nuclear family or can include more distant relatives living in the same house lion ti means either family in the sense of household or everyone who lives in the house including non relatives muintir means family in the broad sense of kinsfolk 3 Clans as political units EditIn different cultures and situations a clan usually has different meaning than other kin based groups such as tribes and bands Often the distinguishing factor is that a clan is a smaller integral part of a larger society such as a tribe chiefdom or a state In some societies clans may have an official leader such as a chief matriarch or patriarch or such leadership role is performed by elders In others leadership positions may have to be achieved Examples include Irish Scottish Chinese Korean and Japanese clans which exist as distinct social groupings within their respective nations Note however that tribes and bands can also be components of larger societies The early Norse clans the aetter are often translated as house or line The Biblical tribes of Israel were composed of many clans 5 Arab clans are sub tribal groups within Arab society Native American and First Nations peoples often referred to as tribes also have clans For instance Ojibwa bands are smaller parts of the Ojibwa people or tribe in North America The many Native American peoples are distinguished by language and culture and most have clans and bands as the basic kinship organizations In some cases tribes recognized each other s clans for instance both the Chickasaw and Choctaw tribes of the Southeast United States had fox and bear clans who felt a kinship that reached beyond their respective tribes Apart from these different historical traditions of kinship conceptual confusion arises from colloquial usages of the term In post Soviet countries for example it is quite common to speak of clans in reference to informal networks within the economic and political sphere This usage reflects the assumption that their members act towards each other in a particularly close and mutually supportive way approximating the solidarity among kinsmen Similar usage of the term applies to specific groups of various cultures and nationalities involved in organized crime Polish clans differ from most others as they are a collection of families who bear the same coat of arms as opposed to claiming a common descent see Polish heraldry There are multiple closely related clans in the Indian subcontinent especially South India Romani people have many clans which are called vitsa in Romani Clannism Edit Clannism in Somali culture qabiilism 6 is system of society based on clan affiliation 7 The Islamic world the Near East North and East Africa in general and Somali culture specifically is patriarchal 8 and traditionally centered on patrilineal clans or tribes 9 Clans by continent or region Edit The Battle of Culloden of 1746 where British troops defeated the army of Scottish clansmen AfricaDiarra Jara Habesha Great Lakes Serer clans Serer maternal clans Guelowar Joos Njuufeen Fayeen Kalenjin ortinuek Somali Tswana peopleAmericasAnishinaabe Cherokee Iroquois Omaha clans Muscogee ClansAsiaCentral Asian Baloch Ao Naga Angami Naga Bon gwan Korean names Chinese family name Japanese Luwang Mangang Punti Khuman Salai Angom Moilang Kha Nganpa Salai Leishangthem Kazakh Manchu names Minangkabau names Mongolian Ngoche PashtunSouth AsiaAhir Arain Bhuiyar Bunt Chero Gakhars Gurjar Gujjar Dhangar Gadariya Jat Khatri Kshatriya Chowdary Reddy Maratha Meena Mukkulathor Nai Nair Malayala Kshatriya Patel Rajput Sengunthar Tarkhan Vellalar YadavMiddle EastArab Israelite Parthian Kurdish SyriacEurasiaaArmenian nobles Bashkir Chechen Teips Nakhchivani Turkish Russian nobles YerazEuropeSpanish nobles Irish Irish and Scottish septs Brussels Irish and Scottish Chiefs of the Name Norse Polish Scottish Scottish clan chief Armigerous Albanian Montenegrin German nobles French noblesOceaniaRapa Nui Maoria Meaning the transcontinental area between Asia and Europe See also EditClan video gaming Endogamy Extended family Uradel GotraReferences Edit a b Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Clan Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 6 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 419 421 Dineen Patrick S 1927 Focloir Gaedilge agus Bearla Dictionary of Irish and English Dublin and Cork Ireland The Educational Company of Ireland a b o Donaill Niall 1992 Focloir Gaeilge Bearla Irish English Dictionary Dublin Ireland An Gum ISBN 1 85791 037 0 Clan Online Etymology Dictionary See for example 1 Chronicles 4 and Numbers 26 in the Old Testament Farah Abdulkadir Osman 25 October 2012 Transnationalism And Civic Engagement p 25 ISBN 9781912234776 Banana Canaan 1996 The church in the struggle for Zimbabwe p 41 Asuelime Lucky 2014 Selected Themes in African Political Studies Political Conflict and Stability p 15 Warah Rasna 2014 Selected Themes in African Political Studies Political Conflict and Stability p 45 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Clan amp oldid 1134405750, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
