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Dhow (/daʊ/; Arabic: داو, romanized: dāwa; Marathi: dāw) is the generic name of a number of traditional sailing vessels with one or more masts with settee or sometimes lateen sails, used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region.[1][2] Typically sporting long thin hulls, dhows are trading vessels primarily used to carry heavy items, such as fruit, fresh water, or other heavy merchandise, along the coasts of Eastern Arabia,[3] East Africa, Yemen and coastalSouth Asia (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh). Larger dhows have crews of approximately thirty, smaller ones typically around twelve.
The exact origins of the dhow are lost to history.[1][2] Some claim that the sambuk, a type of dhow, may be derived from the Portuguese caravel.[4]
The dhow was the ship of trade used by the Swahili. It was a dhow that transported a giraffe to Chinese Emperor Yong Le's court, in 1414.[5] Another source suggests the ship that carried the giraffe to China was part of a large Chinese fleet led by Zheng He.[6]
Ships that are similar to the dhow are mentioned or described in the 1001 Nights including various ports where they harboured. The dhow is also associated with the pearl trade.[citation needed]
The Yemeni Hadhrami people, as well as Omanis, for centuries came to Beypore, in Kerala, India for their dhows. This was because of the good timber in the Kerala forests, the availability of good coir rope, and the skilled shipwrights. In former times, the sheathing planks of a dhow's hull were held together by coconut rope. Beypore dhows are known as 'Uru' in Malayalam, the local language of Kerala. Settlers from Yemen, known as 'Baramis', or 'Daramis' which could be derived from the word 'Hardamis' are still active in making urus in Kerala.[citation needed]
Dhows were extensively used for the Indian Ocean slave trade, which the Royal Navy attempted to suppress. In his 1873 book, Captain G. L. Sulivan described "four different kinds of coasting dhows, as shown in the engravings, viz. the Bateele, the Badane, Bugala or genuine Dhow, and the Matapa boat".[7]
Since the 20th century
In the 1920s, British writers identified Al Hudaydah as the centre for dhow building. Those built in Al Hudaydah were smaller in size, and used for travel along the coasts. They were constructed of acacia found in Yemen.[8] They are distinguishable for their smaller triangular sails on movable bases to harvest the irregular winds of the Red Sea.[9]
Captain Alan Villiers (1903–1982) documented the days of sailing trade in the Indian Ocean by sailing on dhows between 1938 and 1939 taking numerous photographs and publishing books on the subject of dhow navigation.[10][11]
Even to the present day, dhows make commercial journeys between the Persian Gulf and East Africa using sails as their only means of propulsion. Their cargo is mostly dates and fish to East Africa and mangrove timber to the lands in the Persian Gulf. They often sail south with the monsoon in winter or early spring, and back again to Arabia in late spring or early summer.[citation needed]
Navigation
For celestial navigation, dhow sailors have traditionally used the kamal, an observation device that determines latitude by finding the angle of the Pole Star above the horizon.[12]
Boum (بوم) or dhangi – a large-sized dhow with a stern that is tapering in shape and a more symmetrical overall structure. The Arab boum has a very high prow, which is trimmed in the Indian version.[16]
Ghanjah (غنجة) or kotiya – a large vessel, similar to the Baghlah, with a curved stem and a sloping, ornately carved transom.[17]
Jahazi or jihazi (جهازي). A fishing or trading dhow with a broad hull similar to the jalibut, common in Lamu Island and the coast of Oman. It is also used in Bahrain for the pearl industry.[18] The word comes from jahāz (جهاز), a Persian word for "ship".[19]
Jaliboot or jelbut (جالبوت). A small to medium-sized dhow. It is the modern version of the shu'ai with a shorter prow stem piece. Most jalibuts are fitted with engines.
Sambuk or sambuq (صنبوق) – the largest type of dhow seen in the Persian Gulf today. It has a characteristic keel design, with a sharp curve right below the top of the prow. It has been one of the most successful dhows in history.[20] The word is cognate with the Greekσαμβύκηsambúkē, ultimately from Middle Persiansambūk. [21]
Shu'ai (شوعي). Medium-sized dhow. Formerly the most common dhow in the Persian Gulf used for fishing as well as for coastal trade.
Zaruq – small dhow, slightly larger than a barijah[22]
Dhoni – Maldivian traditional multi-purpose sail vessel.
The term "dhow" is sometimes also applied to certain smaller lateen-sail rigged boats traditionally used in the Red Sea, the eastern Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf area, as well as in the Indian Ocean from Madagascar to the Bay of Bengal. These include the feluccas used in Egypt, Sudan and Iraq, and the dhoni used in the Maldives, as well as the tranki, ghrab and ghalafah.[23] All these vessels have common elements with the dhow. On the Swahili Coast, in countries such as Kenya, the Swahili word used for dhow is "jahazi".[1]
Gallery
Dhow seen off the coast of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Dhow seen in the Indian Ocean
A dhow in the desert in Qatar
A painting of a Baghlah, traditional deep sea dhow
^ abcBriggs, Philip. "Dhows of the Swahili coast". Zanzibar Travel Guide. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
^ ab"The History & construction of the dhow". Nabataea. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
^Bowen, Richard Lebaron (1949). "Arab Dhows of Eastern Arabia".
^Taylor, James. . The British-Yemeni Society. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
^Chris McIntyre; Susan McIntyre (2013). Zanzibar. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 6. ISBN978-1-84162-458-7.
^Duyvendak, JJL (1938). The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century. pp. 341–413.
^Sulivan, G.L. (1873). Dhow Chasing in Zanzibar Waters and on the Eastern Coast of Africa: Narrative of Five Years' Experiences in the Suppression of the Slave Trade. S. Low, Marston, Low & Searle. p. 102. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
^Prothero, GW (1920). Arabia. London: HM Stationery Office. p. 99.
^"صناعة القوارب". yemen-nic.info. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
^Villiers, Alan, 1903–1982. (2006). Sons of Sinbad : an account of sailing with the Arabs in their Dhows, in the Red Sea, round the coasts of Arabia, and to Zanzibar and Tanganyika; pearling in the Persian Gulf; and the life of the shipmasters and mariners of Kuwait. Facey, William, 1948–, Ḥijjī, Yaʻqūb Yūsuf., Pundyk, Grace., Markaz al-Buḥūth wa-al-Dirāsāt al-Kuwaytīyah (Kuwait). London: Arabian Pub. in association with the Centre for Research and Studies in Kuwait. ISBN0954479238. OCLC 61478193.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Villiers, Allan (15 October 2018). Monsoon Seas the Story of the Indian Ocean. Creative Media Partners, LLC. ISBN9780343245221.
^"Ancient Sailing and Navigation". Nabataea.net. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
^. Oman: Ministry of Information. Archived from the original on 25 July 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
^Hourani, George Fadlo; Carswell, John (1995), Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times, Princeton University Press.
^, China, Facts & details, archived from the original on 22 September 2013, retrieved 4 October 2011.
^, Marine engineering, Bright hub, archived from the original on 25 November 2010, retrieved 14 March 2010.
^, Cog and Galley ships, archived from the original on 25 April 2012, retrieved 4 October 2011.
^Dhow sailing in Kenya, UK: Diani beach, archived from the original on 24 July 2012.
^Xavier, Sandy. . CA: Sympatico. Archived from the original on 5 October 2003. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
^Abdullah, Thabit AJ (2000), The Political Economy of Trade in Eighteenth-Century Basra, Social and Economic History of the Middle East, SUNY, ISBN978-0-7914-4808-3.
Bibliography
Agius, Dionisius A (2008), Classic Ships of Islam: From Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean, Brill, ISBN978-90-0415863-4.
Further reading
Bowen, Richard LeBaron, Essay on the tradition of painting eyes, known as oculi, on the bows of boats among mariners and fishermen from ancient times to the present. Found particularly in the Indian Ocean region.
Clifford W. Hawkins, The dhow: an illustrated history of the dhow and its world.
———; Martin, Chryssee Perry, Cargoes of the east : the ports, trade, and culture of the Arabian Seas and western Indian Ocean, foreword by Elspeth Huxley.
Henri Perrier, Djibouti's dhows.
A.H.J. Prins, Sailing from Lamu: A Study of Maritime Culture in Islamic East Africa. Assen: van Gorcum & Comp., 1965.
A.H.J. Prins. The Persian Gulf Dhows: Two Variants in Maritime Enterprise. Persica: Jaarboek van het Genootschap Nederland-Iran, No.II (1965–1966): pp. 1–18.
A.H.J. Prins. The Persian Gulf Dhows: Notes on the Classification of Mid-Eastern Sea-Craft. Persica: Jaarboek van het Genootschap Nederland-Iran, No.VI (1972–1974): pp. 157–1166.
A.H.J. Prins. A Handbook of Sewn Boats. Maritime Monographs and Reports No.59. Greenwich, London:: National Maritime Museum, 1986.
Tessa Rihards, Dhow building : survival of an ancient craft.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dhows.
"Al wakrah vagina stadium, Qatar world", The Mirror, UK, 19 November 2013. Stadium based on the design of the Dhow.
History of the dhow.
"Dhows of Kuwait", Kuwait boom.
Lloyd, Christopher (1968), The Navy and the Slave Trade, ISBN9780714618944.
Mondfeld, Wolfram, Die arabische Dau [The Arab dhow] (in German), DE: Modell marine.
Vosmer, Tom, The durable dhow, Archaeology.
Maritime activities of the Arab Gulf people and the Indian Ocean World in the 11th and 12th centuries(PDF), JP: Tufs.
May 07, 2023
dhow, this, article, expanded, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, ukrainian, june, 2022, click, show, important, translation, instructions, view, machine, translated, version, ukrainian, article, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, tr. This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Ukrainian June 2022 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Ukrainian article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 641 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Ukrainian Wikipedia article at uk Dau sudno see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated uk Dau sudno to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Dhow d aʊ Arabic داو romanized dawa Marathi daw is the generic name of a number of traditional sailing vessels with one or more masts with settee or sometimes lateen sails used in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean region 1 2 Typically sporting long thin hulls dhows are trading vessels primarily used to carry heavy items such as fruit fresh water or other heavy merchandise along the coasts of Eastern Arabia 3 East Africa Yemen and coastal South Asia Pakistan India Bangladesh Larger dhows have crews of approximately thirty smaller ones typically around twelve A dhow in the Indian Ocean near the islands of Zanzibar on the Swahili Coast Fishermen s dhows moored at Dubai in 2014 Contents 1 History 1 1 Since the 20th century 2 Navigation 3 Types 4 Gallery 5 See also 6 References 7 Bibliography 8 Further reading 9 External linksHistory EditThe exact origins of the dhow are lost to history 1 2 Some claim that the sambuk a type of dhow may be derived from the Portuguese caravel 4 The dhow was the ship of trade used by the Swahili It was a dhow that transported a giraffe to Chinese Emperor Yong Le s court in 1414 5 Another source suggests the ship that carried the giraffe to China was part of a large Chinese fleet led by Zheng He 6 Ships that are similar to the dhow are mentioned or described in the 1001 Nights including various ports where they harboured The dhow is also associated with the pearl trade citation needed The Yemeni Hadhrami people as well as Omanis for centuries came to Beypore in Kerala India for their dhows This was because of the good timber in the Kerala forests the availability of good coir rope and the skilled shipwrights In former times the sheathing planks of a dhow s hull were held together by coconut rope Beypore dhows are known as Uru in Malayalam the local language of Kerala Settlers from Yemen known as Baramis or Daramis which could be derived from the word Hardamis are still active in making urus in Kerala citation needed Dhows were extensively used for the Indian Ocean slave trade which the Royal Navy attempted to suppress In his 1873 book Captain G L Sulivan described four different kinds of coasting dhows as shown in the engravings viz the Bateele the Badane Bugala or genuine Dhow and the Matapa boat 7 Since the 20th century Edit In the 1920s British writers identified Al Hudaydah as the centre for dhow building Those built in Al Hudaydah were smaller in size and used for travel along the coasts They were constructed of acacia found in Yemen 8 They are distinguishable for their smaller triangular sails on movable bases to harvest the irregular winds of the Red Sea 9 Captain Alan Villiers 1903 1982 documented the days of sailing trade in the Indian Ocean by sailing on dhows between 1938 and 1939 taking numerous photographs and publishing books on the subject of dhow navigation 10 11 Even to the present day dhows make commercial journeys between the Persian Gulf and East Africa using sails as their only means of propulsion Their cargo is mostly dates and fish to East Africa and mangrove timber to the lands in the Persian Gulf They often sail south with the monsoon in winter or early spring and back again to Arabia in late spring or early summer citation needed Navigation EditFor celestial navigation dhow sailors have traditionally used the kamal an observation device that determines latitude by finding the angle of the Pole Star above the horizon 12 Types Edit A Shu ai in the Persian Gulf Baghlah بغلة from the Arabic language word for mule A heavy ship the traditional deep sea dhow Baqarah or baggarah بقارة from the Arabic word for cow Old type of small dhow similar to the Battil 13 Barijah small dhow 14 Battil بتيل featured long stems topped by large club shaped stem heads Badan a smaller vessel requiring a shallow draft 15 Boum بوم or dhangi a large sized dhow with a stern that is tapering in shape and a more symmetrical overall structure The Arab boum has a very high prow which is trimmed in the Indian version 16 Ghanjah غنجة or kotiya a large vessel similar to the Baghlah with a curved stem and a sloping ornately carved transom 17 Jahazi or jihazi جهازي A fishing or trading dhow with a broad hull similar to the jalibut common in Lamu Island and the coast of Oman It is also used in Bahrain for the pearl industry 18 The word comes from jahaz جهاز a Persian word for ship 19 Jaliboot or jelbut جالبوت A small to medium sized dhow It is the modern version of the shu ai with a shorter prow stem piece Most jalibuts are fitted with engines Patamar a type of Indian dhow Sambuk or sambuq صنبوق the largest type of dhow seen in the Persian Gulf today It has a characteristic keel design with a sharp curve right below the top of the prow It has been one of the most successful dhows in history 20 The word is cognate with the Greek sambykh sambuke ultimately from Middle Persian sambuk 21 Shu ai شوعي Medium sized dhow Formerly the most common dhow in the Persian Gulf used for fishing as well as for coastal trade Zaruq small dhow slightly larger than a barijah 22 Dhoni Maldivian traditional multi purpose sail vessel The term dhow is sometimes also applied to certain smaller lateen sail rigged boats traditionally used in the Red Sea the eastern Mediterranean and the Persian Gulf area as well as in the Indian Ocean from Madagascar to the Bay of Bengal These include the feluccas used in Egypt Sudan and Iraq and the dhoni used in the Maldives as well as the tranki ghrab and ghalafah 23 All these vessels have common elements with the dhow On the Swahili Coast in countries such as Kenya the Swahili word used for dhow is jahazi 1 Gallery Edit Dhow seen off the coast of Dar es Salaam Tanzania Dhow seen in the Indian Ocean A dhow in the desert in Qatar A painting of a Baghlah traditional deep sea dhow Construction and repair of dhows in Sur Oman Dhow ferrying passengers near Inhambane Mozambique A small dhow in Zanzibar 1937 stamp of Aden depicting a dhow Boom in the Maritime Museum in Kuwait City commemorating the founding of Kuwait as a sea port for merchants Patamar on a 10 Indian rupee note Model of a Sambuk Dhow on the Shatt al Arab 1958 See also Edit Transport portalFelucca Fusta Kattumaram Uru boat XebecReferences Edit a b c Briggs Philip Dhows of the Swahili coast Zanzibar Travel Guide Retrieved 6 September 2012 a b The History amp construction of the dhow Nabataea Retrieved 6 September 2012 Bowen Richard Lebaron 1949 Arab Dhows of Eastern Arabia Taylor James Traditional Arab sailing ships The British Yemeni Society Archived from the original on 15 July 2012 Retrieved 6 September 2012 Chris McIntyre Susan McIntyre 2013 Zanzibar Bradt Travel Guides p 6 ISBN 978 1 84162 458 7 Duyvendak JJL 1938 The True Dates of the Chinese Maritime Expeditions in the Early Fifteenth Century pp 341 413 Sulivan G L 1873 Dhow Chasing in Zanzibar Waters and on the Eastern Coast of Africa Narrative of Five Years Experiences in the Suppression of the Slave Trade S Low Marston Low amp Searle p 102 Retrieved 15 November 2021 Prothero GW 1920 Arabia London HM Stationery Office p 99 صناعة القوارب yemen nic info Retrieved 12 March 2021 Villiers Alan 1903 1982 2006 Sons of Sinbad an account of sailing with the Arabs in their Dhows in the Red Sea round the coasts of Arabia and to Zanzibar and Tanganyika pearling in the Persian Gulf and the life of the shipmasters and mariners of Kuwait Facey William 1948 Ḥijji Yaʻqub Yusuf Pundyk Grace Markaz al Buḥuth wa al Dirasat al Kuwaytiyah Kuwait London Arabian Pub in association with the Centre for Research and Studies in Kuwait ISBN 0954479238 OCLC 61478193 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Villiers Allan 15 October 2018 Monsoon Seas the Story of the Indian Ocean Creative Media Partners LLC ISBN 9780343245221 Ancient Sailing and Navigation Nabataea net Retrieved 7 September 2012 The Traditional Dhow Oman Ministry of Information Archived from the original on 25 July 2012 Retrieved 7 September 2012 Hourani George Fadlo Carswell John 1995 Arab Seafaring in the Indian Ocean in Ancient and Early Medieval Times Princeton University Press Dhows China Facts amp details archived from the original on 22 September 2013 retrieved 4 October 2011 Dhow Ship Types Marine engineering Bright hub archived from the original on 25 November 2010 retrieved 14 March 2010 Ghanjah Cog and Galley ships archived from the original on 25 April 2012 retrieved 4 October 2011 Dhow sailing in Kenya UK Diani beach archived from the original on 24 July 2012 Agius 2008 p 316 Oman a Seafaring Nation Oman Ministry of Information 1979 Agius 2008 p 314 Xavier Sandy Zaruq CA Sympatico Archived from the original on 5 October 2003 Retrieved 6 September 2012 Abdullah Thabit AJ 2000 The Political Economy of Trade in Eighteenth Century Basra Social and Economic History of the Middle East SUNY ISBN 978 0 7914 4808 3 Bibliography EditAgius Dionisius A 2008 Classic Ships of Islam From Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean Brill ISBN 978 90 0415863 4 Further reading EditBowen Richard LeBaron Essay on the tradition of painting eyes known as oculi on the bows of boats among mariners and fishermen from ancient times to the present Found particularly in the Indian Ocean region Clifford W Hawkins The dhow an illustrated history of the dhow and its world Anthony Jack Arab dhows Kaplan Marion Twilight of the Arab dhow Martin Esmond Bradley The decline of Kenya s dhow trade Martin Chryssee Perry Cargoes of the east the ports trade and culture of the Arabian Seas and western Indian Ocean foreword by Elspeth Huxley Henri Perrier Djibouti s dhows A H J Prins Sailing from Lamu A Study of Maritime Culture in Islamic East Africa Assen van Gorcum amp Comp 1965 A H J Prins The Persian Gulf Dhows Two Variants in Maritime Enterprise Persica Jaarboek van het Genootschap Nederland Iran No II 1965 1966 pp 1 18 A H J Prins The Persian Gulf Dhows Notes on the Classification of Mid Eastern Sea Craft Persica Jaarboek van het Genootschap Nederland Iran No VI 1972 1974 pp 157 1166 A H J Prins A Handbook of Sewn Boats Maritime Monographs and Reports No 59 Greenwich London National Maritime Museum 1986 Tessa Rihards Dhow building survival of an ancient craft External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dhows Al wakrah vagina stadium Qatar world The Mirror UK 19 November 2013 Stadium based on the design of the Dhow History of the dhow Dhows of Kuwait Kuwait boom Lloyd Christopher 1968 The Navy and the Slave Trade ISBN 9780714618944 Mondfeld Wolfram Die arabische Dau The Arab dhow in German DE Modell marine Vosmer Tom The durable dhow Archaeology Maritime activities of the Arab Gulf people and the Indian Ocean World in the 11th and 12th centuries PDF JP Tufs Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dhow amp oldid 1146973895, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
