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Denominación de origen

February 16, 2024

"Designation of origin" redirects here. For the EU geographical indication, see Protected designation of origin.

In Spain, the denominación de origen (Spanish pronunciation: [denominaˈθjon de oˈɾixen]; 'designation of origin')[note 1] is part of a regulatory geographical indication system used primarily for foodstuffs such as cheeses, condiments, honey, and meats, among others. In wines, it parallels the hierarchical systems of France (1935) and Italy (1963), although Rioja (1925) and Jerez (1933) preceded the full system. In foods, it performs a similar role, regulation of quality and geographical origin of products from Spain. There are five other designated categories solely for wine and a further three specifically covering food and condiments, all recognised by the European Union (EU). In Catalonia, two further categories – labelled A and Q – cover traditional Catalan artisan food products, but were not recognised by the EU as of 2007. In recent decades, the concept of the denominación de origen has been adopted by other countries, primarily in Latin America. In 2016, the use of the Denominación de Origen (DO) for wines was registered as a European Union Protected Designations of Origin/Denominación de Origen Protegida (PDO/DOP), but the traditional Portuguese term of DO can still be used legally on labels.

Definition edit

 
A Reserva level Rioja DOCa

The Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food regulates the quality of Spanish foodstuffs via a labelling system which establishes, among other things, a denominación de origen for the country's highest-quality produce. There is a semi-autonomous governing body (Consejo Regulador) for each region and for each food type, comprising skilled, impartial members who investigate the quality, ingredients and production process of each product, ensuring they attain specific quality levels. They report to a central council at national government level, but are normally based in the largest population centre of a given region and are responsible for ensuring labelling reflects geographical region. Products labelled denominación de origen, apart from being of superior quality, are expected to carry specific characteristics of geographical region or individual producer and be derived from raw materials originating within the region. Like most of these designations, a fundamental tenet of a DO label is that no product outside of that region is permitted to bear the name.

History edit

Food and wine are inseparable from Spanish culture, historically bound to the social, economic, literary and even mystical fabric of society over thousands of years, so it is perhaps not surprising that attempts to regulate and normalise activities related to them have proven highly elusive. It was not until the seventeenth century, when legislative authorities became sufficiently interested in issues such as public health, public order and economic regulation, that laws begin to be formulated with regard to wine, initially prohibiting, later encouraging and ultimately regulating its production, commercialisation and consumption. Food regulation waited even longer, until Spain's entry into the EU and signing up to the Common Agricultural Policy during the latter part of the twentieth century.

A series of Royal Decrees on wine were issued during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, focussing on ad hoc issues which arose due to new tendencies at home and abroad and often dealing more with maverick suppliers than any concern with comprehensive regulation. Gradually though, concern shifted from issues related to supply towards the need to regulate quality, especially for foreign markets. During the 1920s serious attempts were made to formulate some kind of classification along the lines of the French appellation system. Following the establishment of the Rioja as the first Spanish denominación in 1925, the Estatuto de vino ('wine statute') of 1932 coincided with national and international recognition of the sherry-producing region of Jerez.

Despite being thorough and wide-ranging, the Estatuto was quickly overwhelmed by technological advances in agriculture. By the time the EEC became influential in this area. it was clear that the law would require fundamental re-drafting. A new Estatuto, the Ley del Vino y de los Alcoholes (25/1970) came into place in December 1970 but was again undermined, this time by two important events: the new Spanish Constitution (inaugurated in 1978) that restated geographical considerations with the Estado de las Autonomías, and Spain's pending membership of the European Community (1986) that brought about a rapid classification of all Spanish produce in line with other member states.

Finally, in March 1996, the Spanish government unveiled its own multi-tier sub-classifications, consistent with EU regulation but more pertinent to Spanish agriculture. Hence, for example, the EU's Quality Wines Produced in Specified Regions (QWPSR) covers all Spanish wines graded above the basic vino de mesa ('table wine'). The Spanish denominación de origen forms a subset of the QWPSR.[1] This has coincided with a rise in the perceived quality of Spanish produce generally and has been widely acclaimed, although some areas, like the super-strict denominación de pago, remain controversial and liable to future amendment.[2]

Product types edit

Denominaciones de origen status can be applied to a wide range of foods and condiments, specifically:

Quality foods may be designated a range of classifications, of which denominación de origen is the recognition of superior quality, with identifiable characteristics and specific ingredients, derived from an identifiable and verifiable source. Other classifications, not necessarily mutually exclusive, are as follows, under the general heading of alimentos de calidad diferenciada ('foods of distinguished quality'):

  • Denominación de origen protegida (DOP, literally 'protected denomination of origin') – an EU designation of protected geographical status, referring to food products specific to a particular region or town and conveying a particular quality or characteristic of the designated area.
  • Indicación geográfica protegida' (IGP, 'protected geographical indicator') – similar to DOP, but relating to a wider and less specific geographical region.
  • Especialidades tradicionales Garantizadas (ETG, 'traditional specialty guaranteed') – products made using traditional ingredients, recipes or methods.
  • Artisan food product stamp A – recognising small, family-run food businesses with high quality, distinctive produce overseen by a qualified artisan (Catalonia only, not recognised by the EU).[3]
  • Food quality stamp Q – foods with superior quality composition, production methods or presentation (Catalonia only, not recognised by the EU).[3]
  • Producción agricultura ecológica' (PAE, 'organic agricultural production' – an organic food designation recognising natural, environmentally friendly production methods.[4]

By 2004, Spain had 250 denominaciones de origen and indicaciones geográficas protegidas, over half of which related to food. The following list of better-known denominaciónes de origen is by no means exhaustive:

 
Olive oil DO Montes de Granada
 
A leg of serrano ham on a jamonera
 
A slice of paleta ibérica
 
Roncal cheese with DO label

Olive oil edit

The denominaciones de origen for olive oil include:

Iberian ham (jamón ibérico) edit

See also: Jamón

The famous jamón ibérico has several denominaciones de origen, including:

Cheese edit

Vinegar edit

There are just four protected appellations for vinegar in the EU, of which three are in Spain:

Wine edit

See also: Spanish wine regions

Wine region classification in Spain takes a quite complex hierarchical form in which the denominación de origen is a mainstream grading, equivalent to the French AOC and the Italian DOC. As of 2019, Spain has 138 identifiable wine regions under some form of geographical classification (2 DOCa/DOQ, 68 DO, 7 VC, 19 VP, and 42 VT). The Spanish DO is actually a subset of the EU-sponsored QWPSR (Quality Wine Produced in Specific Regions) regulatory code (vino de calidad producido en región determinada (VCPRD) in Spanish) which Spain formally adopted in 1986, upon accession to the (then) EEC.[5] The Spanish appellation hierarchy was most recently updated in 2016, and is as follows:

DOP – denominación de origen protegida ('protected denomination of origin'), is the mainstay of Spain's wine quality control system. Each region is governed by a consejo regulador, which decides on the boundaries of the region, permitted varietals, maximum yields, limits of alcoholic strength and other quality standards or production limitations pertaining to the zone. As of 2019 there are 96 DOPs that are subdivided into DOCa, DO, VP, and VC. The sub-categories can be called DOP, or they can use the traditional terms of DOCa, DO, VP, and VC.

DOCa – denominación de origen calificada ('denomination of qualified origin'), is the highest category in Spanish wine regulations, reserved for regions with above-average grape prices and particularly stringent quality controls. Rioja was the first Spanish region to be awarded DOCa status in 1991, followed by Priorat in 2003. Priorat uses the Catalan language DOQ, for denominació d'origen qualificada. These are the only two regions considered "above" DO status.

DO – denominación de origin, the mainstay of Spain's wine quality control system. Each region is governed by a consejo regulador, which decides on the boundaries of the region, permitted varietals, maximum yields, limits of alcoholic strength and other quality standards or production limitations pertaining to the zone.

VP – vino de pago ('estate wine'), a special term for high-quality, single-estate wines (pago is a Spanish term for a vineyard estate) which in some cases also have DO or VC or IGP appellations. This category was formed in 2003.

VC – vino de Calidad con indicación geográfica ('quality wine with geographic indication'), a category formed in 2003 along with VP. The VC category is used for wines that do not fully meet the stringent standards of the DO category, but are above the standards of the IGP category.

IGP – indicación geográfica protegida (protected geographical indication (PGI)). This is part of the EU PGI scheme, which includes wines below the DOP level, and is wine originating from a specific place, a region or a country, which has a certain quality, reputation or other characteristic - including production phases - that can be essentially attributed to its geographical origin, at least one of which takes place in the defined geographical area. These can use the traditional term Vino de la Tierra (VT).

VdM – vino de mesa ('table wine'), the catch-all at the bottom of the pyramid, for all wine from unclassified vineyards, and wine that has been declassified by blending. This includes both inexpensive jug wines and some expensive wines that are not yet classified due to innovation outside traditional lines.

The two DOCa/DOQ regions are Priorat (Tarragona) and Rioja, the two highest-regarded wine-producing regions in Spain, which carry the special denominación de origen calificada.

The more prominent DO regions include:

Sherry / Jerez edit

Along with the DO appellations, the Jerez-Xérès-Sherry DO of Spain uses the following categories:

  • VOS – Latin: vinum optima signatum (and sometimes mistaken to stand for "very old sherry" by English speakers) – applies to sherries with an average age of at least 20 years.[6]
  • VORS - Vinum Optimu Rare Signatum, sometimes anglicized as Very Old Rare Sherry

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ In other languages of Spain:

References edit

  1. ^ Denominaciones de origen e indicaciones geográficas – Alimentación – M.A.P.A March 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ "elmundovino.elmundo.es".
  3. ^ a b Whole Foods Market (2007). "European "Designation of Origin" for Wine and Food".
  4. ^ . Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. Archived from the original on 29 March 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  5. ^ . Archived from the original on 20 March 2007. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  6. ^ Ron Herbst, Sharon Tyler Herbst The New Wine Lover's Companion 2010 – Page 479 ISBN 0764142658 "VOS stands for Very Old Sherry (or Vinum Optima Signaturn) and applies to sherries with an average age of at least 20 years.

External links edit

  • (in Spanish)

February 16, 2024
denominación, origen, designation, origin, redirects, here, geographical, indication, protected, designation, origin, spain, denominación, origen, spanish, pronunciation, denominaˈθjon, oˈɾixen, designation, origin, note, part, regulatory, geographical, indica. Designation of origin redirects here For the EU geographical indication see Protected designation of origin In Spain the denominacion de origen Spanish pronunciation denominaˈ8jon de oˈɾixen designation of origin note 1 is part of a regulatory geographical indication system used primarily for foodstuffs such as cheeses condiments honey and meats among others In wines it parallels the hierarchical systems of France 1935 and Italy 1963 although Rioja 1925 and Jerez 1933 preceded the full system In foods it performs a similar role regulation of quality and geographical origin of products from Spain There are five other designated categories solely for wine and a further three specifically covering food and condiments all recognised by the European Union EU In Catalonia two further categories labelled A and Q cover traditional Catalan artisan food products but were not recognised by the EU as of 2007 update In recent decades the concept of the denominacion de origen has been adopted by other countries primarily in Latin America In 2016 the use of the Denominacion de Origen DO for wines was registered as a European Union Protected Designations of Origin Denominacion de Origen Protegida PDO DOP but the traditional Portuguese term of DO can still be used legally on labels Contents 1 Definition 2 History 3 Product types 3 1 Olive oil 3 2 Iberian ham jamon iberico 3 3 Cheese 3 4 Vinegar 3 5 Wine 3 6 Sherry Jerez 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External linksDefinition edit nbsp A Reserva level Rioja DOCaThe Spanish Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food regulates the quality of Spanish foodstuffs via a labelling system which establishes among other things a denominacion de origen for the country s highest quality produce There is a semi autonomous governing body Consejo Regulador for each region and for each food type comprising skilled impartial members who investigate the quality ingredients and production process of each product ensuring they attain specific quality levels They report to a central council at national government level but are normally based in the largest population centre of a given region and are responsible for ensuring labelling reflects geographical region Products labelled denominacion de origen apart from being of superior quality are expected to carry specific characteristics of geographical region or individual producer and be derived from raw materials originating within the region Like most of these designations a fundamental tenet of a DO label is that no product outside of that region is permitted to bear the name History editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Denominacion de origen news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Food and wine are inseparable from Spanish culture historically bound to the social economic literary and even mystical fabric of society over thousands of years so it is perhaps not surprising that attempts to regulate and normalise activities related to them have proven highly elusive It was not until the seventeenth century when legislative authorities became sufficiently interested in issues such as public health public order and economic regulation that laws begin to be formulated with regard to wine initially prohibiting later encouraging and ultimately regulating its production commercialisation and consumption Food regulation waited even longer until Spain s entry into the EU and signing up to the Common Agricultural Policy during the latter part of the twentieth century A series of Royal Decrees on wine were issued during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries focussing on ad hoc issues which arose due to new tendencies at home and abroad and often dealing more with maverick suppliers than any concern with comprehensive regulation Gradually though concern shifted from issues related to supply towards the need to regulate quality especially for foreign markets During the 1920s serious attempts were made to formulate some kind of classification along the lines of the French appellation system Following the establishment of the Rioja as the first Spanish denominacion in 1925 the Estatuto de vino wine statute of 1932 coincided with national and international recognition of the sherry producing region of Jerez Despite being thorough and wide ranging the Estatuto was quickly overwhelmed by technological advances in agriculture By the time the EEC became influential in this area it was clear that the law would require fundamental re drafting A new Estatuto the Ley del Vino y de los Alcoholes 25 1970 came into place in December 1970 but was again undermined this time by two important events the new Spanish Constitution inaugurated in 1978 that restated geographical considerations with the Estado de las Autonomias and Spain s pending membership of the European Community 1986 that brought about a rapid classification of all Spanish produce in line with other member states Finally in March 1996 the Spanish government unveiled its own multi tier sub classifications consistent with EU regulation but more pertinent to Spanish agriculture Hence for example the EU s Quality Wines Produced in Specified Regions QWPSR covers all Spanish wines graded above the basic vino de mesa table wine The Spanish denominacion de origen forms a subset of the QWPSR 1 This has coincided with a rise in the perceived quality of Spanish produce generally and has been widely acclaimed although some areas like the super strict denominacion de pago remain controversial and liable to future amendment 2 Product types editDenominaciones de origen status can be applied to a wide range of foods and condiments specifically Olive oil Rice Bread cakes and pastries Cheese and butter Fresh meat Prepared meats and sausages Cured ham Fish molluscs and crustaceans Vegetables Fruit Honey Condiments and spices Cider Wine Distilled alcoholic drinksQuality foods may be designated a range of classifications of which denominacion de origen is the recognition of superior quality with identifiable characteristics and specific ingredients derived from an identifiable and verifiable source Other classifications not necessarily mutually exclusive are as follows under the general heading of alimentos de calidad diferenciada foods of distinguished quality Denominacion de origen protegida DOP literally protected denomination of origin an EU designation of protected geographical status referring to food products specific to a particular region or town and conveying a particular quality or characteristic of the designated area Indicacion geografica protegida IGP protected geographical indicator similar to DOP but relating to a wider and less specific geographical region Especialidades tradicionales Garantizadas ETG traditional specialty guaranteed products made using traditional ingredients recipes or methods Artisan food product stamp A recognising small family run food businesses with high quality distinctive produce overseen by a qualified artisan Catalonia only not recognised by the EU 3 Food quality stamp Q foods with superior quality composition production methods or presentation Catalonia only not recognised by the EU 3 Produccion agricultura ecologica PAE organic agricultural production an organic food designation recognising natural environmentally friendly production methods 4 By 2004 Spain had 250 denominaciones de origen and indicaciones geograficas protegidas over half of which related to food The following list of better known denominaciones de origen is by no means exhaustive nbsp Olive oil DO Montes de Granada nbsp A leg of serrano ham on a jamonera nbsp A slice of paleta iberica nbsp Roncal cheese with DO labelOlive oil edit The denominaciones de origen for olive oil include Aceite Monterrubio from Badajoz in Extremadura mostly Cornezuelo and Picual varieties Baena Hojiblanca Picual and Lechin varieties from the south east of the province of Cordoba Les Garrigues Arbequina and Verdiell varieties from the province of Lleida in Catalonia Priego de Cordoba Picado Hojiblanca and Picual varieties from the province of Cordoba Sierra Magina Picual variety from the southern part of Jaen province Sierra Segura mostly Picual from the north east of Jaen province Siurana Arbequina Royal and Murrot varieties from the province of Tarragona Iberian ham jamon iberico edit See also Jamon The famous jamon iberico has several denominaciones de origen including Huelva source of the jamon de Jabugo Teruel Guijuelo well known for jamon y paleta ibericos de bellota from acorn fed pigs Dehesa de Extremadura Los PedrochesCheese edit Tetilla unusually shaped cheese from Galicia Cabrales Asturian blue cheese Picon Bejes Tresviso from Liebana region in the province of Cantabria Liebana from Cantabria renowned for smoked cheeses Cantabria fresh Cantabrian cheese Idiazabal Basque cheese the DO labels includes the cheese output of Alava Biscay Gipuzkoa and Navarre Roncal from Navarre Zamorano from Zamora Manchego from La Mancha La Serena sheep milk cheese from Badajoz Torta del Casar sheep milk cheese from Caceres Afuega l pitu cow milk cheese from Asturias Vinegar edit There are just four protected appellations for vinegar in the EU of which three are in Spain Vinagre de Jerez sherry vinegar from Jerez Condado de Huelva white wine vinegar from Huelva Montilla MorilesWine edit See also Spanish wine regions Wine region classification in Spain takes a quite complex hierarchical form in which the denominacion de origen is a mainstream grading equivalent to the French AOC and the Italian DOC As of 2019 Spain has 138 identifiable wine regions under some form of geographical classification 2 DOCa DOQ 68 DO 7 VC 19 VP and 42 VT The Spanish DO is actually a subset of the EU sponsored QWPSR Quality Wine Produced in Specific Regions regulatory code vino de calidad producido en region determinada VCPRD in Spanish which Spain formally adopted in 1986 upon accession to the then EEC 5 The Spanish appellation hierarchy was most recently updated in 2016 and is as follows DOP denominacion de origen protegida protected denomination of origin is the mainstay of Spain s wine quality control system Each region is governed by a consejo regulador which decides on the boundaries of the region permitted varietals maximum yields limits of alcoholic strength and other quality standards or production limitations pertaining to the zone As of 2019 there are 96 DOPs that are subdivided into DOCa DO VP and VC The sub categories can be called DOP or they can use the traditional terms of DOCa DO VP and VC DOCa denominacion de origen calificada denomination of qualified origin is the highest category in Spanish wine regulations reserved for regions with above average grape prices and particularly stringent quality controls Rioja was the first Spanish region to be awarded DOCa status in 1991 followed by Priorat in 2003 Priorat uses the Catalan language DOQ for denominacio d origen qualificada These are the only two regions considered above DO status DO denominacion de origin the mainstay of Spain s wine quality control system Each region is governed by a consejo regulador which decides on the boundaries of the region permitted varietals maximum yields limits of alcoholic strength and other quality standards or production limitations pertaining to the zone VP vino de pago estate wine a special term for high quality single estate wines pago is a Spanish term for a vineyard estate which in some cases also have DO or VC or IGP appellations This category was formed in 2003 VC vino de Calidad con indicacion geografica quality wine with geographic indication a category formed in 2003 along with VP The VC category is used for wines that do not fully meet the stringent standards of the DO category but are above the standards of the IGP category IGP indicacion geografica protegida protected geographical indication PGI This is part of the EU PGI scheme which includes wines below the DOP level and is wine originating from a specific place a region or a country which has a certain quality reputation or other characteristic including production phases that can be essentially attributed to its geographical origin at least one of which takes place in the defined geographical area These can use the traditional term Vino de la Tierra VT VdM vino de mesa table wine the catch all at the bottom of the pyramid for all wine from unclassified vineyards and wine that has been declassified by blending This includes both inexpensive jug wines and some expensive wines that are not yet classified due to innovation outside traditional lines The two DOCa DOQ regions are Priorat Tarragona and Rioja the two highest regarded wine producing regions in Spain which carry the special denominacion de origen calificada The more prominent DO regions include Campo de Borja Zaragoza features a number of cooperatives that produce Garnacha and Tempranillo Malaga and Sierras de Malaga Malaga Sierras de Malaga is in effect a sub appellation of the Malaga DO traditionally known for its liquor wines and sweet wines Montilla Moriles Cordoba produces mainly sweet dessert wines using similar techniques to those used for the production of sherry Navarra Navarre a neighbour of the Rioja the Navarra DO region used to be renowned only for its rosado wines but in recent years has been producing quality reds and whites as well Penedes Barcelona notable not only for the production of the sparkling wine Cava but red wines from Tempranillo Garnacha and Carinena grapes Rias Baixas Galicia known for its Albarino varietals Spain s most popular white wine Other whites grown here include Treixadura Loureira Caino blanco and Torrontes Popular red grapes in this region include Caino Tinto and Souson Ribera del Duero Castile and Leon challenges Rioja for the most popular red wines produced in Spain Almost all of its wines are made from the Tempranillo grape Rueda Castile and Leon located west of Ribera del Duero producing reds and whites typically less expensive than those of its more famous neighbours Jerez Xeres Cadiz source of the English term sherry a fortified wine that can either be dry or sweet Toro Castile and Leon located between the provinces of Zamora and Valladolid along the river Duero producing reds such as Tinta de Toro the local name for Tempranillo Sherry Jerez edit Along with the DO appellations the Jerez Xeres Sherry DO of Spain uses the following categories VOS Latin vinum optima signatum and sometimes mistaken to stand for very old sherry by English speakers applies to sherries with an average age of at least 20 years 6 VORS Vinum Optimu Rare Signatum sometimes anglicized as Very Old Rare SherrySee also edit nbsp Food portal nbsp Spain portal nbsp Wine portalTraditional food Endemic gastronomy Appellation d origine controlee an analogous system in France Denominacao de Origem Controlada an analogous system in Portugal Denominazione di origine controllata an analogous system for Italian wines List of Andalusian food and drink products with protected statusNotes edit In other languages of Spain Catalan denominacio d origen IPA denuminesiˈo duˈɾiʒen Galician denominacion de orixen IPA denominaˈ8jon dɪ oˈɾiʃɪŋ Basque jatorrizko deitura IPA jatoris ko deituɾa References edit Denominaciones de origen e indicaciones geograficas Alimentacion M A P A Archived March 6 2011 at the Wayback Machine elmundovino elmundo es a b Whole Foods Market 2007 European Designation of Origin for Wine and Food Alimentos de Calidad Diferenciada Alimentacion Ministerio de Agricultura Pesca y Alimentacion Archived from the original on 29 March 2007 Retrieved 2 June 2017 Denominaciones de Origen e Indicaciones Geograficas Alimentacion M A P A Archived from the original on 20 March 2007 Retrieved 2 June 2017 Ron Herbst Sharon Tyler Herbst The New Wine Lover s Companion 2010 Page 479 ISBN 0764142658 VOS stands for Very Old Sherry or Vinum Optima Signaturn and applies to sherries with an average age of at least 20 years External links editMAPA website in Spanish Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Denominacion de origen amp oldid 1161801584, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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