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Tarragona

Tarragona (Catalan: [tərəˈɣonə], Spanish: [taraˈɣona]; Phoenician: Tarqon; Latin: Tarraco) is a port city located in northeast Spain on the Costa Daurada by the Mediterranean Sea. Founded before the fifth century BC, it is the capital of the Province of Tarragona, and part of Tarragonès and Catalonia. It shares a border in the north with the Province of Barcelona and the Province of Lleida.

Tarragona
Location of Tarragona
Coordinates: 41°07′03″N 01°15′10″E / 41.11750°N 1.25278°E / 41.11750; 1.25278
CountrySpain
Autonomous CommunityCatalonia
ProvinceTarragona
ComarcaTarragonès
Founded5th century BC
Government
 • MayorRubén Viñuales [es] (PSC)
Area
 • Total57.9 km2 (22.4 sq mi)
Elevation
 (AMSL)
68 m (223 ft)
Population
 (2018)[2]
 • Total132,299
 • Density2,300/km2 (5,900/sq mi)
Postal code
43001–43008
Area code+34 (E) + 977 (T)
ClimateCsa
Websitewww.tarragona.cat

History Edit

Origins Edit

One Catalan legend holds that Tarragona was named for Tarraho, eldest son of Tubal in c. 2407 BC; another (derived from Strabo and Megasthenes) attributes the name to 'Tearcon the Ethiopian', a seventh-century BC pharaoh who campaigned in Spain.[3] The real founding date of Tarragona is unknown.

The city may have begun as an Iberian town called Kesse or Kosse, named after the Iberian tribe of the region, the Cossetans, though the identification of Tarragona with Kesse is not certain.[4] William Smith suggests that the city was probably founded by the Phoenicians, who called it Tarchon, which, according to Samuel Bochart, means a citadel. This name was probably derived from its situation on a high rock, between 75–90 m (250–300 ft) above the sea; whence we find it characterised as arce potens Tarraco.[5] It was seated on the river Sulcis or Tulcis (modern Francolí), on a bay of the Mare Internum (Mediterranean), between the Pyrenees and the River Iberus (modern Ebro).[6] Livy mentions a portus Tarraconis;[7] and according to Eratosthenes it had a naval station or roads (Ναύσταθμον);[8] but Artemidorus Ephesius says with more probability that it had none, and scarcely even an anchoring place; and Strabo himself calls it "harbourless" (ἀλίμενος).[9] This better reflects its present condition; for though a mole was constructed in the 15th century with the materials of the ancient amphitheatre, and another subsequently by an Irishman named John Smith Sinnot, it still affords little protection for shipping.[10]

Rome Edit

Tarraco lies on the main road along the northeastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.[11] During the Roman Republic, the city was fortified and much enlarged as a Roman colony by the brothers Publius Cornelius Scipio and Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus, who converted it into a fortress and arsenal against the Carthaginians. The city was first named Colonia Iulia Urbs Triumphalis Tarraco and was capital of the province of Hispania Citerior. Subsequently, it became the capital (conventus iuridicus[12]) of the province named after it, Hispania Tarraconensis.[13]

Augustus wintered at Tarraco after his Cantabrian campaign, and bestowed many marks of honour on the city, among which were its honorary titles of Colonia Victrix Togata and Colonia Julia Victrix Tarraconensis.

According to Mela it was the richest town on the coast,[14] and Strabo represents its population as equal to that of Carthago Nova (now Cartagena).[14] Its fertile plain and sunny shores are celebrated by Martial and other poets; and its neighbourhood is described as producing good wine and flax.[15] The city also minted coins.[16]

An inscribed stone base for a now lost statue of Tiberius Claudius Candidus was found in Tarragona during the nineteenth century. The 24-line Latin inscription describes the governor and senator's career as an ally of the future Roman emperor Septimius Severus, who fought in the civil war following the assassination of Commodus in 192 AD. This important marble block was purchased by the British Museum in 1994.[17]

From the demise of the Roman empire to the Union of Spain Edit

After the demise of the Western Roman Empire, the city was captured first by the Vandals and then by the Visigoths. The Visigothic Kingdom's rule of Tarracona was ended by the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 714. It was an important border city of the Caliphate of Córdoba between 750 and 1013. After the demise of the Caliphate, it was part of the Taifa of Zaragoza between 1013 and 1110 and under the control of the Almoravid dynasty between 1110 and 1117. It was taken by the County of Barcelona in 1117. From 1129 to 1173 Tarragona was the capital of the short lived Principality of Tarragona, under the Norman-influence. After the dynastic union of Aragon and Barcelona, it was part of the Principality of Catalonia within the Crown of Aragon from 1164 to 1714. After dynastic union of Aragon and the Crown of Castile, it remained a part of the Crown of Aragon until the foundation of the Spanish Empire in 1516.

During the Reapers' War, Tarragona was captured by Catalan insurgents with French support in 1641, but it was retaken by Spanish troops in 1644. It was captured by allied Portuguese, Dutch, and British troops in 1705 during the War of the Spanish Succession and remained in their hands until the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. During the war, the Catalans supported the unsuccessful claim of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen against the victorious Bourbon Duke of Anjou, who became Philip V of Spain. He signed the Nueva Planta decrees, which abolished the Crown of Aragon, as well as the Catalan institutions and prohibited the administrative use of Catalan language on 16 January 1716.

Peninsular War Edit

During the Peninsular War, in the first siege of Tarragona from 5 May to 29 June 1811, Louis-Gabriel Suchet's Army of Aragon of the First French Empire laid siege to a Spanish garrison led by Lieutenant General Juan de Contreras. A British naval squadron commanded by Admiral Edward Codrington harassed the French besiegers with cannon fire and transported large numbers of reinforcements into the city by sea. Nevertheless, Suchet's troops stormed into the defences and killed or captured almost all the defenders. It became a subprefecture centre in Bouches-de-l'Èbre department of French empire.

In the second siege of Tarragona (3–11 June 1813), an overwhelming Anglo-Spanish force under the command of Lieutenant general John Murray, 8th Baronet failed to wrest Tarragona from a small Franco-Italian garrison led by Brigadier general Antoine Marc Augustin Bertoletti. Murray was subsequently removed from command for his indecisive and contradictory leadership. The Anglo-Spanish forces finally captured Tarragona on 19 August.

Spanish Civil War Edit

During the Spanish Civil War, Tarragona was in the hands of the Second Spanish Republic until captured by Franco's Nationalist troops on 15 January 1939 during the Catalonia Offensive.

Main sights Edit

Ancient remains Edit

 
Amphitheatre of Tarragona and the Mediterranean Sea

The Roman ruins of Tarraco have been designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Part of the bases of large Cyclopean walls near the Cuartel de Pilatos are thought to pre-date the Romans. The building just mentioned, a prison in the 19th century, is said to have been the palace of Augustus. The second century Tarragona Amphitheatre near the seashore was extensively used as a quarry after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, and but few vestiges of it now remain. A circus c. 450 m (1,480 ft) long, was built over in the area now called Plaça de la Font, though portions of it are still to be traced. Throughout the town Latin, and even apparently Phoenician, inscriptions on the stones of the houses mark the material used for buildings in the town.

Two ancient monuments, at some little distance from the town, have, however, fared rather better. The first of these is Les Ferreres Aqueduct, which spans a valley about 4 km (2 mi) north of the city. It is 217 m (712 ft) in length, and the loftiest arches, of which there are two tiers, are 26 m (85 ft) high. There is a monument about 6 km (4 mi) along the coast road east of the city, commonly called the "Tower of the Scipios"; but there is no authority for assuming that they were buried here.[18]

Other Roman buildings include:

  • The Roman walls
  • The capitol, or citadel
  • The Amphitheatre
  • The Roman circus
  • The Pretorium – Tower
  • The Provincial and Colonial fora
  • The Necropolis
  • The palace of Augustus, called the house of Pilate
  • The so-called tower, or sepulchre, of the Scipios
  • Arch of Sura, or of Bara
  • The Aurelian Way.

The city is also home to the National Archaeological Museum of Tarragona.

Religious buildings Edit

 
Tarragona Cathedral
  • The Tarragona Cathedral, dating to the 12th–13th centuries, combining Romanesque and Gothic architectural elements.
  • The convent of the Poor Clares, near the walls
  • The convent of Santa Teresa
  • The church of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, the parish church of the port
  • The former convent of Sant Francesc
  • The Jesuit college was turned into barracks; their church, however, has been restored to them
  • The convent of the Dominican Order, now the town hall
  • The archiepiscopal palace, situated on the site of the ancient capitol, one tower of which still remains. It was rebuilt in the 19th century.
  • Near the sea, in the Roman amphitheatre, are the remains of a church called Santa Maria del Miracle (Holy Mary of the Miracle), which belonged to the Knights Templar. It was afterwards used by the Trinitarian Order and was later converted into a penitentiary. It was demolished around 1915.[19]

The seminary of Sant Pau and Santa Tecla was founded in 1570 by the cardinal archbishop, Gaspar Cervantes de Gaeta, and was the first to comply with the decrees of the Council of Trent. In 1858 Archbishop José Domingo Costa y Borrás built a fourth wing. Benito Villamitjana built a new seminary behind the cathedral in 1886, in the courtyard of which stands the old chapel of Sant Pau. Pope Leo XIII raised this to the rank of a pontifical university.

50 km (31.07 mi) north of the city is Poblet Monastery, founded in 1151 by Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, which was used for sepultures of the kings.

Modern Tarragona Edit

 
Plaça del Fòrum.

Tarragona is home to a large port and the Rovira i Virgili University. Much of its economic activity comes from a large number of chemical industries located south of the city.

The main living heritage is the Popular Retinue, a great parade of dances, bestiary and spoken dances, and the human towers. They specially participate in Santa Tecla Festival. They are so popular in Tarragona and also in all Catalonia that they have got their own home. It is called "Casa de la Festa", Festivities House, where you can visit them all year.[20]

A number of beaches, some awarded a Blue Flag designation, line the Mediterranean coast near the city.

Tarragona is located near the resort of Salou and the PortAventura World (PortAventura Park, the most visited theme park in Spain,[21] Ferrari Land and also the PortAventura Caribe Aquatic Park).

The city is served by Camp de Tarragona railway station, and is located a few kilometres away from Reus Airport, which has many low-cost destinations and charter-flights (over a million passengers per year). The port is an export hub for the Spanish car industry.[22]

Reus is the second city of the Tarragona area (101,767 inhabitants in 2006), known by its commercial activity and for being the place where the architect Antoni Gaudí was born.

The city hosted the 2018 Mediterranean Games, one year later than planned, because of political and economical instability.[23]

Tourism Edit

Tarragona is one of the World Heritage Journeys in the European Union.[24] Tourism is focused on the main sites of Mercat Central de Tarragona (Central Market of Tarragona), La Rambla Nova (the main shopping street), El Serrallo fishing village, the surrounding beaches of the golden coast, the key plazas (Plaça de la Font, Plaça del Fòrum, Plaça del Rei), Balcó del Mediterrani, Praetorium and Roman Circus, Roman Amphitheatre, Model of Roman Tarraco, and the cathedral.[25]

The GR 92 long distance footpath, which roughly follows the length of the Mediterranean coast of Spain, has a staging point at Tarragona. Stage 25 links northwards to Torredembarra, a distance of 20.0 km (12.4 mi), whilst stage 26 links southwards to Cambrils, a distance of 28.1 km (17.5 mi).[26]

Food and drink Edit

Tarragona contains a number of small bars, restaurants, and cafes serving tapas and sandwiches, and local seafood and Catalan dishes like "pa amb tomàquet" or "neules i torrons". Many such outlets are found in the historic centre, including those at the Plaça de la Font, Plaça del Rei and Plaça del Fòrum. The neighbourhood of El Serrallo, at the harbour, specialises in seafood cuisine.

Chartreuse is the local drink of Tarragona. Originally created in 1605, it was considered by monks to be an “elixir for long life”. It is produced in yellow, with an alcohol content of 40º, as well as green, with a content of 55º. Between 1903 and 1989, the French liqueur made by the Carthusian Monks, Chartreuse, was distilled in Tarragona, following the monks' expulsion from France.[27] Chartreuse is now a key part of the Feast of Santa Tecla.[28] This Traditional Festival of national interest celebrates the patroness saint of the city.[29]

Tarragona is home to two Michelin Guide recommended restaurants: El Terrat and Barquet.[30] In addition, El Terrat and AQ were awarded one "Sol" each in the 2022 Guía Repsol.[31]

Climate Edit

The climate of Tarragona can be described as a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa). Despite its location in the Mediterranean region, it does not have a Mediterranean climate since August has more rainfall than winter months, which receive near or less than 30 mm (1.2 in). Winters are mildly cool and summers are hot and sultry, while the rainiest seasons are autumn and spring.

Climate data for Vila-seca (1971–2000) (14 km (8.70 mi) south west of Tarragona
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.8
(69.4)
24.0
(75.2)
28.2
(82.8)
29.1
(84.4)
30.6
(87.1)
31.3
(88.3)
34.5
(94.1)
35.2
(95.4)
33.3
(91.9)
30.7
(87.3)
25.5
(77.9)
25.0
(77.0)
35.2
(95.4)
Average high °C (°F) 12.4
(54.3)
15.2
(59.4)
17.8
(64.0)
19.5
(67.1)
22.1
(71.8)
25.6
(78.1)
29.3
(84.7)
30.2
(86.4)
27.6
(81.7)
22.4
(72.3)
16.4
(61.5)
12.7
(54.9)
21.0
(69.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) 10.0
(50.0)
11.9
(53.4)
14.1
(57.4)
15.9
(60.6)
18.8
(65.8)
22.5
(72.5)
25.9
(78.6)
26.7
(80.1)
24.0
(75.2)
19.1
(66.4)
13.9
(57.0)
10.7
(51.3)
17.8
(64.0)
Average low °C (°F) 7.5
(45.5)
8.7
(47.7)
10.4
(50.7)
12.2
(54.0)
15.5
(59.9)
19.4
(66.9)
22.5
(72.5)
23.2
(73.8)
20.3
(68.5)
15.8
(60.4)
11.3
(52.3)
8.7
(47.7)
14.7
(58.5)
Record low °C (°F) −1.6
(29.1)
−1.0
(30.2)
0.6
(33.1)
4.5
(40.1)
9.0
(48.2)
12.6
(54.7)
16.0
(60.8)
14.3
(57.7)
13.0
(55.4)
7.3
(45.1)
2.7
(36.9)
−1.0
(30.2)
−1.6
(29.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 37.2
(1.46)
19.1
(0.75)
36.6
(1.44)
38.2
(1.50)
53.2
(2.09)
33.3
(1.31)
15.7
(0.62)
52.8
(2.08)
68.2
(2.69)
63.7
(2.51)
46.9
(1.85)
44.7
(1.76)
509.0
(20.04)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 5.0 3.5 4.8 5.8 6.1 3.9 2.7 4.3 4.8 5.8 5.0 5.1 56.8
Source: Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya[32]
Climate data for Reus Airport (1981–2010) (between Reus – 3 km (1.86 mi) and Tarragona – 7 km (4.35 mi))
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 24.2
(75.6)
25.0
(77.0)
27.7
(81.9)
30.2
(86.4)
32.8
(91.0)
36.8
(98.2)
37.4
(99.3)
38.0
(100.4)
33.8
(92.8)
32.5
(90.5)
28.8
(83.8)
22.6
(72.7)
38.0
(100.4)
Average high °C (°F) 14.1
(57.4)
14.9
(58.8)
17.1
(62.8)
19.0
(66.2)
22.2
(72.0)
26.3
(79.3)
29.3
(84.7)
29.4
(84.9)
26.3
(79.3)
22.3
(72.1)
17.5
(63.5)
14.6
(58.3)
21.1
(70.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 9.0
(48.2)
9.7
(49.5)
11.9
(53.4)
13.8
(56.8)
17.2
(63.0)
21.2
(70.2)
24.2
(75.6)
24.6
(76.3)
21.5
(70.7)
17.5
(63.5)
12.6
(54.7)
9.7
(49.5)
16.1
(61.0)
Average low °C (°F) 3.9
(39.0)
4.5
(40.1)
6.6
(43.9)
8.6
(47.5)
12.1
(53.8)
16.1
(61.0)
19.1
(66.4)
19.7
(67.5)
16.6
(61.9)
12.7
(54.9)
7.6
(45.7)
4.7
(40.5)
11.1
(52.0)
Record low °C (°F) −7.6
(18.3)
−8.0
(17.6)
−5.4
(22.3)
1.0
(33.8)
3.6
(38.5)
7.4
(45.3)
10.5
(50.9)
10.8
(51.4)
5.5
(41.9)
0.2
(32.4)
−4.0
(24.8)
−7.5
(18.5)
−8.0
(17.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 29
(1.1)
28
(1.1)
28
(1.1)
37
(1.5)
54
(2.1)
25
(1.0)
15
(0.6)
42
(1.7)
77
(3.0)
75
(3.0)
53
(2.1)
36
(1.4)
500
(19.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 4 4 4 5 5 3 2 4 5 6 4 4 50
Mean monthly sunshine hours 157 162 197 222 251 274 306 265 209 182 157 145 2,527
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[33]

Events Edit

 
Carrer Major during Santa Tecla Festival
 
Torre dels Escipions

Tarragona was also a candidate to be the Spanish representative as European Capital of Culture in 2016.

Politics Edit

The local mayor is elected by the members of the plenary from among its members the day the new municipal corporation is formed after the local election. The officeholder has a mandate for the 4-year duration of the elected body. If the mayor leaves office ahead of time a new voting may take place among the plenary members in order to invest a new mayor (meanwhile, another local councillor, conventionally the first deputy mayor may act as acting mayor). Since 15 June 2019 the mayor is Pau Ricomà.[34] The opening session in which the mayor is invested is traditionally held at the Saló de Plens.

List of mayors

Since the first democratic election after the Francoist dictatorship, Tarragona has had four democratically elected mayors:

  • Josep Maria Recasens (PSC): 1979–1989
  • Joan Miquel Nadal (CiU): 1989–2007
  • Josep Fèlix Ballesteros (PSC): 2007–2019
  • Pau Ricomà (ERC): 2019–2023
  • Rubén Viñuales (PSC): 2023-present

The local is the body formed by the elected councillors of the Ajuntament. The plenary meetings (Ple) are held at the Saló de Plens. It is formed by the municipal councillors, elected through closed party list proportional representation and 27 councillors are currently elected on the basis of the population of the municipality. Councillors are grouped in municipal groups on the basis of their political filiation. It has a government commission (Comissió de Govern; also Junta de Govern or Junta de Gobierno) is formed by the mayor, the deputy mayors, and a number of appointed councillors.

International relations Edit

Twin towns and sister cities Edit

Tarragona is twinned with:

Tarragona had partnerships with:

Notable people Edit

See also Edit

References Edit

Notes
  1. ^ "El municipi en xifres: Tarragona". Statistical Institute of Catalonia. from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
  2. ^ Municipal Register of Spain 2018. National Statistics Institute.
  3. ^ "Los cinco libros primeros dela Coronica general de España, que recopilaua el maestro Florian de Ocampo". en casa de Iuan Iñiguez de Lequerica. 1578.
  4. ^ Silvia Orvietani Busch (2001). Medieval Mediterranean Ports: The Catalan and Tuscan Coasts, 1100 to 1235. BRILL. p. 53. ISBN 90-04-12069-6.
  5. ^ Ausonius Class. Urb. 9; cf. Mart. x. 104.
  6. ^ Mela, ii. 6; Pliny the Elder iii. 3. s. 4.
  7. ^ xxii. 22
  8. ^ ap. Strabo iii. p. 159
  9. ^ ap. Strab. l. c.; Polybius iii. 76
  10. ^ Ford's Handbook of Spain, p. 222.
  11. ^ Antonine Itinerary pp. 391, 396, 399, 448, 452.
  12. ^ Pliny l. c.; Tacitus Ann. i. 78; Gaius Julius Solinus 23, 26; Polybius x. 34; Livy xxi. 61; Stephanus of Byzantium p. 637.
  13. ^ Ptolemy, ii. 6. § 17
  14. ^ a b l. c.
  15. ^ Mart. x. 104, xiii. 118; Sil. Ital. iii. 369, xv. 177; Plin. xiv. 6. s. 8, xix. 1. s. 2.
  16. ^ Grut. Inscr. p. 382; Orelli, no. 3127; coins in Eckhel, i. p. 27; Enrique Flórez, Med. ii. p. 579; Théodore Edme Mionnet, i. p. 51, Suppl. i. p. 104; Sestini, p. 202.
  17. ^ CIL II, 4114; British Museum Collection 26 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ (Cf. Ford, Handbook, p. 219, seq.; Florez, Esp. Sagr. xxix. p. 68, seq.; Miñano, Diccion. viii. p. 398.)
  19. ^ Comisión de Antigüedades de la Real Academia de la Historia: catálogo e índices, Cataluña. Page 256. Published in Spanish, 2000.
  20. ^ http://casafesta.tarragona.cat Archived 15 January 2013 at archive.today[bare URL]
  21. ^ Themed Entertainment Association; Economics Research Associates (2013). "Global Attractions Attendance Report" (PDF). AECOM. (PDF) from the original on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2015. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  22. ^ "Tarragona port's five-year high means more room for Bergé". Automotive Logistics. 24 February 2017. from the original on 25 February 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
  23. ^ "Confirmat l'ajornament dels Jocs Mediterranis de Tarragona fins al 2018". Diari Ara. Agència Catalan de Notícies. from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  24. ^ "The World Heritage Journeys in the European Union". Tarragona Turisme. 11 May 2018. from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  25. ^ "10 essential visits in Tarragona". Tarragona Turisme. from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  26. ^ "GR 92: Sender de la Mediterrània" [GR 92: Mediterranian Path]. www.catalunya.com (in Catalan). from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  27. ^ https://www.chartreuse.fr/en/histoire/the-chartreuse-distilleries/ 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine[bare URL]
  28. ^ "Santa Tecla, Tarragona y Chartreuse". OTC Group (in European Spanish). 10 October 2017. from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  29. ^ https://www.tarragona.cat/cultura/festes-i-cultura-popular/santa-tecla 2 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine[bare URL]
  30. ^ "Tarragona MICHELIN Restaurants – the MICHELIN Guide Spain". MICHELIN Guide. from the original on 2 January 2022. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  31. ^ "Los nuevos restaurantes Un Sol Guía Repsol 2022 | Guia Repsol". 28 February 2022. from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  32. ^ "Climatologica. El Tarragones. 1971–2000" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
  33. ^ "Valores Climatológicos Normales. Tarragona – Reús / Aeropuerto". from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  34. ^ Sans, Sara (15 June 2019). "Pau Ricomà, de ERC, pone fin a doce años de gobierno del socialista Ballesteros en Tarragona". La Vanguardia. from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2020.
  35. ^ . Avignon.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 16 July 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
  36. ^ . Ministère des affaires étrangères (in French). Archived from the original on 26 February 2013. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
  37. ^ [45 years of twinning: The history of Voiron's twin towns]. Voiron Hôtel de Ville [Voiron council] (in French). Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  38. ^ [Tarragona, Spain: Friendship town of Voiron]. Voiron Hôtel de Ville [Voiron council] (in French). Archived from the original on 4 September 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
Sources
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.

External links Edit

  •   Tarragona travel guide from Wikivoyage
  • Official Website of Tarragona (in Catalan)
  • Tarragona's Official Tourist Website
  • Government data pages (in Catalan)

tarragona, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, correspon. For other uses see Tarragona disambiguation This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations April 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article s tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia See Wikipedia s guide to writing better articles for suggestions April 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Tarragona Catalan tereˈɣone Spanish taraˈɣona Phoenician Tarqon Latin Tarraco is a port city located in northeast Spain on the Costa Daurada by the Mediterranean Sea Founded before the fifth century BC it is the capital of the Province of Tarragona and part of Tarragones and Catalonia It shares a border in the north with the Province of Barcelona and the Province of Lleida TarragonaMunicipalityPanoramic viewAmphitheatreLes Ferreres AqueductCathedralRambla NovaFlagCoat of armsLocation of TarragonaCoordinates 41 07 03 N 01 15 10 E 41 11750 N 1 25278 E 41 11750 1 25278CountrySpainAutonomous CommunityCataloniaProvinceTarragonaComarcaTarragonesFounded5th century BCGovernment MayorRuben Vinuales es PSC Area 1 Total57 9 km2 22 4 sq mi Elevation AMSL 68 m 223 ft Population 2018 2 Total132 299 Density2 300 km2 5 900 sq mi Postal code43001 43008Area code 34 E 977 T ClimateCsaWebsitewww wbr tarragona wbr cat Contents 1 History 1 1 Origins 1 2 Rome 1 3 From the demise of the Roman empire to the Union of Spain 1 4 Peninsular War 1 5 Spanish Civil War 2 Main sights 2 1 Ancient remains 2 2 Religious buildings 3 Modern Tarragona 4 Tourism 5 Food and drink 6 Climate 7 Events 8 Politics 9 International relations 9 1 Twin towns and sister cities 10 Notable people 11 See also 12 References 13 External linksHistory EditMain article Tarraco Origins Edit One Catalan legend holds that Tarragona was named for Tarraho eldest son of Tubal in c 2407 BC another derived from Strabo and Megasthenes attributes the name to Tearcon the Ethiopian a seventh century BC pharaoh who campaigned in Spain 3 The real founding date of Tarragona is unknown The city may have begun as an Iberian town called Kesse or Kosse named after the Iberian tribe of the region the Cossetans though the identification of Tarragona with Kesse is not certain 4 William Smith suggests that the city was probably founded by the Phoenicians who called it Tarchon which according to Samuel Bochart means a citadel This name was probably derived from its situation on a high rock between 75 90 m 250 300 ft above the sea whence we find it characterised as arce potens Tarraco 5 It was seated on the river Sulcis or Tulcis modern Francoli on a bay of the Mare Internum Mediterranean between the Pyrenees and the River Iberus modern Ebro 6 Livy mentions a portus Tarraconis 7 and according to Eratosthenes it had a naval station or roads Naysta8mon 8 but Artemidorus Ephesius says with more probability that it had none and scarcely even an anchoring place and Strabo himself calls it harbourless ἀlimenos 9 This better reflects its present condition for though a mole was constructed in the 15th century with the materials of the ancient amphitheatre and another subsequently by an Irishman named John Smith Sinnot it still affords little protection for shipping 10 Rome Edit Tarraco lies on the main road along the northeastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula 11 During the Roman Republic the city was fortified and much enlarged as a Roman colony by the brothers Publius Cornelius Scipio and Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus who converted it into a fortress and arsenal against the Carthaginians The city was first named Colonia Iulia Urbs Triumphalis Tarraco and was capital of the province of Hispania Citerior Subsequently it became the capital conventus iuridicus 12 of the province named after it Hispania Tarraconensis 13 Augustus wintered at Tarraco after his Cantabrian campaign and bestowed many marks of honour on the city among which were its honorary titles of Colonia Victrix Togata and Colonia Julia Victrix Tarraconensis According to Mela it was the richest town on the coast 14 and Strabo represents its population as equal to that of Carthago Nova now Cartagena 14 Its fertile plain and sunny shores are celebrated by Martial and other poets and its neighbourhood is described as producing good wine and flax 15 The city also minted coins 16 An inscribed stone base for a now lost statue of Tiberius Claudius Candidus was found in Tarragona during the nineteenth century The 24 line Latin inscription describes the governor and senator s career as an ally of the future Roman emperor Septimius Severus who fought in the civil war following the assassination of Commodus in 192 AD This important marble block was purchased by the British Museum in 1994 17 From the demise of the Roman empire to the Union of Spain Edit After the demise of the Western Roman Empire the city was captured first by the Vandals and then by the Visigoths The Visigothic Kingdom s rule of Tarracona was ended by the Umayyad conquest of Hispania in 714 It was an important border city of the Caliphate of Cordoba between 750 and 1013 After the demise of the Caliphate it was part of the Taifa of Zaragoza between 1013 and 1110 and under the control of the Almoravid dynasty between 1110 and 1117 It was taken by the County of Barcelona in 1117 From 1129 to 1173 Tarragona was the capital of the short lived Principality of Tarragona under the Norman influence After the dynastic union of Aragon and Barcelona it was part of the Principality of Catalonia within the Crown of Aragon from 1164 to 1714 After dynastic union of Aragon and the Crown of Castile it remained a part of the Crown of Aragon until the foundation of the Spanish Empire in 1516 During the Reapers War Tarragona was captured by Catalan insurgents with French support in 1641 but it was retaken by Spanish troops in 1644 It was captured by allied Portuguese Dutch and British troops in 1705 during the War of the Spanish Succession and remained in their hands until the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 During the war the Catalans supported the unsuccessful claim of Archduke Charles Duke of Teschen against the victorious Bourbon Duke of Anjou who became Philip V of Spain He signed the Nueva Planta decrees which abolished the Crown of Aragon as well as the Catalan institutions and prohibited the administrative use of Catalan language on 16 January 1716 Peninsular War Edit During the Peninsular War in the first siege of Tarragona from 5 May to 29 June 1811 Louis Gabriel Suchet s Army of Aragon of the First French Empire laid siege to a Spanish garrison led by Lieutenant General Juan de Contreras A British naval squadron commanded by Admiral Edward Codrington harassed the French besiegers with cannon fire and transported large numbers of reinforcements into the city by sea Nevertheless Suchet s troops stormed into the defences and killed or captured almost all the defenders It became a subprefecture centre in Bouches de l Ebre department of French empire In the second siege of Tarragona 3 11 June 1813 an overwhelming Anglo Spanish force under the command of Lieutenant general John Murray 8th Baronet failed to wrest Tarragona from a small Franco Italian garrison led by Brigadier general Antoine Marc Augustin Bertoletti Murray was subsequently removed from command for his indecisive and contradictory leadership The Anglo Spanish forces finally captured Tarragona on 19 August Spanish Civil War Edit During the Spanish Civil War Tarragona was in the hands of the Second Spanish Republic until captured by Franco s Nationalist troops on 15 January 1939 during the Catalonia Offensive Main sights EditAncient remains Edit nbsp Amphitheatre of Tarragona and the Mediterranean SeaThe Roman ruins of Tarraco have been designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO Part of the bases of large Cyclopean walls near the Cuartel de Pilatos are thought to pre date the Romans The building just mentioned a prison in the 19th century is said to have been the palace of Augustus The second century Tarragona Amphitheatre near the seashore was extensively used as a quarry after the fall of the Western Roman Empire and but few vestiges of it now remain A circus c 450 m 1 480 ft long was built over in the area now called Placa de la Font though portions of it are still to be traced Throughout the town Latin and even apparently Phoenician inscriptions on the stones of the houses mark the material used for buildings in the town Two ancient monuments at some little distance from the town have however fared rather better The first of these is Les Ferreres Aqueduct which spans a valley about 4 km 2 mi north of the city It is 217 m 712 ft in length and the loftiest arches of which there are two tiers are 26 m 85 ft high There is a monument about 6 km 4 mi along the coast road east of the city commonly called the Tower of the Scipios but there is no authority for assuming that they were buried here 18 Other Roman buildings include The Roman walls The capitol or citadel The Amphitheatre The Roman circus The Pretorium Tower The Provincial and Colonial fora The Necropolis The palace of Augustus called the house of Pilate The so called tower or sepulchre of the Scipios Arch of Sura or of Bara The Aurelian Way The city is also home to the National Archaeological Museum of Tarragona Religious buildings Edit nbsp Tarragona CathedralThe Tarragona Cathedral dating to the 12th 13th centuries combining Romanesque and Gothic architectural elements The convent of the Poor Clares near the walls The convent of Santa Teresa The church of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin the parish church of the port The former convent of Sant Francesc The Jesuit college was turned into barracks their church however has been restored to them The convent of the Dominican Order now the town hall The archiepiscopal palace situated on the site of the ancient capitol one tower of which still remains It was rebuilt in the 19th century Near the sea in the Roman amphitheatre are the remains of a church called Santa Maria del Miracle Holy Mary of the Miracle which belonged to the Knights Templar It was afterwards used by the Trinitarian Order and was later converted into a penitentiary It was demolished around 1915 19 The seminary of Sant Pau and Santa Tecla was founded in 1570 by the cardinal archbishop Gaspar Cervantes de Gaeta and was the first to comply with the decrees of the Council of Trent In 1858 Archbishop Jose Domingo Costa y Borras built a fourth wing Benito Villamitjana built a new seminary behind the cathedral in 1886 in the courtyard of which stands the old chapel of Sant Pau Pope Leo XIII raised this to the rank of a pontifical university 50 km 31 07 mi north of the city is Poblet Monastery founded in 1151 by Ramon Berenguer IV Count of Barcelona which was used for sepultures of the kings Modern Tarragona Edit nbsp Placa del Forum Tarragona is home to a large port and the Rovira i Virgili University Much of its economic activity comes from a large number of chemical industries located south of the city The main living heritage is the Popular Retinue a great parade of dances bestiary and spoken dances and the human towers They specially participate in Santa Tecla Festival They are so popular in Tarragona and also in all Catalonia that they have got their own home It is called Casa de la Festa Festivities House where you can visit them all year 20 A number of beaches some awarded a Blue Flag designation line the Mediterranean coast near the city Tarragona is located near the resort of Salou and the PortAventura World PortAventura Park the most visited theme park in Spain 21 Ferrari Land and also the PortAventura Caribe Aquatic Park The city is served by Camp de Tarragona railway station and is located a few kilometres away from Reus Airport which has many low cost destinations and charter flights over a million passengers per year The port is an export hub for the Spanish car industry 22 Reus is the second city of the Tarragona area 101 767 inhabitants in 2006 known by its commercial activity and for being the place where the architect Antoni Gaudi was born The city hosted the 2018 Mediterranean Games one year later than planned because of political and economical instability 23 Tourism EditTarragona is one of the World Heritage Journeys in the European Union 24 Tourism is focused on the main sites of Mercat Central de Tarragona Central Market of Tarragona La Rambla Nova the main shopping street El Serrallo fishing village the surrounding beaches of the golden coast the key plazas Placa de la Font Placa del Forum Placa del Rei Balco del Mediterrani Praetorium and Roman Circus Roman Amphitheatre Model of Roman Tarraco and the cathedral 25 The GR 92 long distance footpath which roughly follows the length of the Mediterranean coast of Spain has a staging point at Tarragona Stage 25 links northwards to Torredembarra a distance of 20 0 km 12 4 mi whilst stage 26 links southwards to Cambrils a distance of 28 1 km 17 5 mi 26 Food and drink EditTarragona contains a number of small bars restaurants and cafes serving tapas and sandwiches and local seafood and Catalan dishes like pa amb tomaquet or neules i torrons Many such outlets are found in the historic centre including those at the Placa de la Font Placa del Rei and Placa del Forum The neighbourhood of El Serrallo at the harbour specialises in seafood cuisine Chartreuse is the local drink of Tarragona Originally created in 1605 it was considered by monks to be an elixir for long life It is produced in yellow with an alcohol content of 40º as well as green with a content of 55º Between 1903 and 1989 the French liqueur made by the Carthusian Monks Chartreuse was distilled in Tarragona following the monks expulsion from France 27 Chartreuse is now a key part of the Feast of Santa Tecla 28 This Traditional Festival of national interest celebrates the patroness saint of the city 29 Tarragona is home to two Michelin Guide recommended restaurants El Terrat and Barquet 30 In addition El Terrat and AQ were awarded one Sol each in the 2022 Guia Repsol 31 Climate EditThe climate of Tarragona can be described as a humid subtropical climate Koppen Cfa Despite its location in the Mediterranean region it does not have a Mediterranean climate since August has more rainfall than winter months which receive near or less than 30 mm 1 2 in Winters are mildly cool and summers are hot and sultry while the rainiest seasons are autumn and spring Climate data for Vila seca 1971 2000 14 km 8 70 mi south west of TarragonaMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 20 8 69 4 24 0 75 2 28 2 82 8 29 1 84 4 30 6 87 1 31 3 88 3 34 5 94 1 35 2 95 4 33 3 91 9 30 7 87 3 25 5 77 9 25 0 77 0 35 2 95 4 Average high C F 12 4 54 3 15 2 59 4 17 8 64 0 19 5 67 1 22 1 71 8 25 6 78 1 29 3 84 7 30 2 86 4 27 6 81 7 22 4 72 3 16 4 61 5 12 7 54 9 21 0 69 8 Daily mean C F 10 0 50 0 11 9 53 4 14 1 57 4 15 9 60 6 18 8 65 8 22 5 72 5 25 9 78 6 26 7 80 1 24 0 75 2 19 1 66 4 13 9 57 0 10 7 51 3 17 8 64 0 Average low C F 7 5 45 5 8 7 47 7 10 4 50 7 12 2 54 0 15 5 59 9 19 4 66 9 22 5 72 5 23 2 73 8 20 3 68 5 15 8 60 4 11 3 52 3 8 7 47 7 14 7 58 5 Record low C F 1 6 29 1 1 0 30 2 0 6 33 1 4 5 40 1 9 0 48 2 12 6 54 7 16 0 60 8 14 3 57 7 13 0 55 4 7 3 45 1 2 7 36 9 1 0 30 2 1 6 29 1 Average precipitation mm inches 37 2 1 46 19 1 0 75 36 6 1 44 38 2 1 50 53 2 2 09 33 3 1 31 15 7 0 62 52 8 2 08 68 2 2 69 63 7 2 51 46 9 1 85 44 7 1 76 509 0 20 04 Average precipitation days 1 mm 5 0 3 5 4 8 5 8 6 1 3 9 2 7 4 3 4 8 5 8 5 0 5 1 56 8Source Servei Meteorologic de Catalunya 32 Climate data for Reus Airport 1981 2010 between Reus 3 km 1 86 mi and Tarragona 7 km 4 35 mi Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 24 2 75 6 25 0 77 0 27 7 81 9 30 2 86 4 32 8 91 0 36 8 98 2 37 4 99 3 38 0 100 4 33 8 92 8 32 5 90 5 28 8 83 8 22 6 72 7 38 0 100 4 Average high C F 14 1 57 4 14 9 58 8 17 1 62 8 19 0 66 2 22 2 72 0 26 3 79 3 29 3 84 7 29 4 84 9 26 3 79 3 22 3 72 1 17 5 63 5 14 6 58 3 21 1 70 0 Daily mean C F 9 0 48 2 9 7 49 5 11 9 53 4 13 8 56 8 17 2 63 0 21 2 70 2 24 2 75 6 24 6 76 3 21 5 70 7 17 5 63 5 12 6 54 7 9 7 49 5 16 1 61 0 Average low C F 3 9 39 0 4 5 40 1 6 6 43 9 8 6 47 5 12 1 53 8 16 1 61 0 19 1 66 4 19 7 67 5 16 6 61 9 12 7 54 9 7 6 45 7 4 7 40 5 11 1 52 0 Record low C F 7 6 18 3 8 0 17 6 5 4 22 3 1 0 33 8 3 6 38 5 7 4 45 3 10 5 50 9 10 8 51 4 5 5 41 9 0 2 32 4 4 0 24 8 7 5 18 5 8 0 17 6 Average precipitation mm inches 29 1 1 28 1 1 28 1 1 37 1 5 54 2 1 25 1 0 15 0 6 42 1 7 77 3 0 75 3 0 53 2 1 36 1 4 500 19 7 Average precipitation days 1 mm 4 4 4 5 5 3 2 4 5 6 4 4 50Mean monthly sunshine hours 157 162 197 222 251 274 306 265 209 182 157 145 2 527Source Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia 33 Events Edit nbsp Carrer Major during Santa Tecla Festival nbsp Torre dels EscipionsThe Carnival Tarragona International Dixieland Festival Houses 25 bands and 100 concerts and activities the week before Holy Week Tarraco Viva An international cultural festival dedicated to the history of the Roman period with musical concerts exhibitions workshops and conferences Tarragona International Fireworks Displays Competition The competition selects six international pyrotechnic companies every year Official website1 Sant Magi Festival held between 15 and 19 August Santa Tecla Festival held between 15 and 24 September It has been celebrated since 1321 and it is considered of national touristic interest by the state Tarragona 2018 XVIII Mediterranean Games an international multi sport event held from 22 June to 1 July 2018 Tarragona was also a candidate to be the Spanish representative as European Capital of Culture in 2016 Politics EditThe local mayor is elected by the members of the plenary from among its members the day the new municipal corporation is formed after the local election The officeholder has a mandate for the 4 year duration of the elected body If the mayor leaves office ahead of time a new voting may take place among the plenary members in order to invest a new mayor meanwhile another local councillor conventionally the first deputy mayor may act as acting mayor Since 15 June 2019 the mayor is Pau Ricoma 34 The opening session in which the mayor is invested is traditionally held at the Salo de Plens List of mayorsSince the first democratic election after the Francoist dictatorship Tarragona has had four democratically elected mayors Josep Maria Recasens PSC 1979 1989 Joan Miquel Nadal CiU 1989 2007 Josep Felix Ballesteros PSC 2007 2019 Pau Ricoma ERC 2019 2023 Ruben Vinuales PSC 2023 presentThe local is the body formed by the elected councillors of the Ajuntament The plenary meetings Ple are held at the Salo de Plens It is formed by the municipal councillors elected through closed party list proportional representation and 27 councillors are currently elected on the basis of the population of the municipality Councillors are grouped in municipal groups on the basis of their political filiation It has a government commission Comissio de Govern also Junta de Govern or Junta de Gobierno is formed by the mayor the deputy mayors and a number of appointed councillors International relations EditTwin towns and sister cities Edit See also List of twin towns and sister cities in Spain Tarragona is twinned with nbsp Avignon France since 1968 35 36 nbsp Alghero Italy since 1972 nbsp Orleans France since 1978 nbsp Stafford United Kingdom since 1992 nbsp Klagenfurt Austria since 1996 nbsp Pushkin Russia since 1997 nbsp Pompei Italy since 2006Tarragona had partnerships with nbsp Voiron France 37 38 Notable people EditDomenec Batet 1872 1937 military general Alejandro Cao de Benos born 1974 political activistSee also EditArchaeological Ensemble of Tarraco Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tarragona Royal Tarragona Yacht ClubReferences EditNotes El municipi en xifres Tarragona Statistical Institute of Catalonia Archived from the original on 3 May 2019 Retrieved 23 November 2015 Municipal Register of Spain 2018 National Statistics Institute Los cinco libros primeros dela Coronica general de Espana que recopilaua el maestro Florian de Ocampo en casa de Iuan Iniguez de Lequerica 1578 Silvia Orvietani Busch 2001 Medieval Mediterranean Ports The Catalan and Tuscan Coasts 1100 to 1235 BRILL p 53 ISBN 90 04 12069 6 Ausonius Class Urb 9 cf Mart x 104 Mela ii 6 Pliny the Elder iii 3 s 4 xxii 22 ap Strabo iii p 159 ap Strab l c Polybius iii 76 Ford s Handbook of Spain p 222 Antonine Itinerary pp 391 396 399 448 452 Pliny l c Tacitus Ann i 78 Gaius Julius Solinus 23 26 Polybius x 34 Livy xxi 61 Stephanus of Byzantium p 637 Ptolemy ii 6 17 a b l c Mart x 104 xiii 118 Sil Ital iii 369 xv 177 Plin xiv 6 s 8 xix 1 s 2 Grut Inscr p 382 Orelli no 3127 coins in Eckhel i p 27 Enrique Florez Med ii p 579 Theodore Edme Mionnet i p 51 Suppl i p 104 Sestini p 202 CIL II 4114 British Museum Collection Archived 26 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine Cf Ford Handbook p 219 seq Florez Esp Sagr xxix p 68 seq Minano Diccion viii p 398 Comision de Antiguedades de la Real Academia de la Historia catalogo e indices Cataluna Page 256 Published in Spanish 2000 http casafesta tarragona cat Archived 15 January 2013 at archive today bare URL Themed Entertainment Association Economics Research Associates 2013 Global Attractions Attendance Report PDF AECOM Archived PDF from the original on 30 October 2015 Retrieved 4 October 2015 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Tarragona port s five year high means more room for Berge Automotive Logistics 24 February 2017 Archived from the original on 25 February 2017 Retrieved 24 February 2017 Confirmat l ajornament dels Jocs Mediterranis de Tarragona fins al 2018 Diari Ara Agencia Catalan de Noticies Archived from the original on 20 December 2016 Retrieved 11 December 2016 The World Heritage Journeys in the European Union Tarragona Turisme 11 May 2018 Archived from the original on 2 January 2022 Retrieved 2 January 2022 10 essential visits in Tarragona Tarragona Turisme Archived from the original on 2 January 2022 Retrieved 2 January 2022 GR 92 Sender de la Mediterrania GR 92 Mediterranian Path www catalunya com in Catalan Archived from the original on 7 November 2022 Retrieved 7 November 2022 https www chartreuse fr en histoire the chartreuse distilleries Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine bare URL Santa Tecla Tarragona y Chartreuse OTC Group in European Spanish 10 October 2017 Archived from the original on 2 January 2022 Retrieved 2 January 2022 https www tarragona cat cultura festes i cultura popular santa tecla Archived 2 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine bare URL Tarragona MICHELIN Restaurants the MICHELIN Guide Spain MICHELIN Guide Archived from the original on 2 January 2022 Retrieved 2 January 2022 Los nuevos restaurantes Un Sol Guia Repsol 2022 Guia Repsol 28 February 2022 Archived from the original on 28 February 2022 Retrieved 28 February 2022 Climatologica El Tarragones 1971 2000 PDF Archived PDF from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 5 December 2015 Valores Climatologicos Normales Tarragona Reus Aeropuerto Archived from the original on 28 August 2017 Retrieved 25 October 2015 Sans Sara 15 June 2019 Pau Ricoma de ERC pone fin a doce anos de gobierno del socialista Ballesteros en Tarragona La Vanguardia Archived from the original on 8 August 2020 Retrieved 18 July 2020 Jumelages et Relations Internationales Avignon Avignon fr in French Archived from the original on 16 July 2013 Retrieved 13 July 2013 Atlas francais de la cooperation decentralisee et des autres actions exterieures Ministere des affaires etrangeres in French Archived from the original on 26 February 2013 Retrieved 13 July 2013 45 ans de jumelage Histoire de cites Le jumelage a Voiron 45 years of twinning The history of Voiron s twin towns Voiron Hotel de Ville Voiron council in French Archived from the original on 3 June 2013 Retrieved 4 September 2013 Tarragone Espagne une ville amie Des liens noues autour de la Chartreuse Tarragona Spain Friendship town of Voiron Voiron Hotel de Ville Voiron council in French Archived from the original on 4 September 2013 Retrieved 4 September 2013 SourcesThis article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Smith William ed 1854 1857 Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography London John Murray External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tarragona nbsp Tarragona travel guide from Wikivoyage Official Website of Tarragona in Catalan Tarragona s Official Tourist Website Government data pages in Catalan Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Tarragona amp oldid 1176547396, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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