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Davul

February 15, 2024

The davul, dhol, tapan, atabal or tabl is a large double-headed drum that is played with mallets. It has many names depending on the country and region. These drums are commonly used in the music of the Middle East and the Balkans. These drums have both a deep bass sound and a thin treble sound due to their construction and playing style, where different heads and sticks are used to produce different sounds on the same drum.

Davul
Percussion instrument
Other namesDavul, tapan, tabl
Classification Percussion instrument (membranophone)
Playing range
Rope tensioned
Sound sample
Davul drum

Names edit

Some names of davuls include:

Other Greek names for this drum include Davouli, Argano, Toskani, Tsokani, Toubi, Toubaki, Kiossi, Tavouli, Pavouli, Toubano, and Toubaneli. Additionally, other names for the daouli, depending on the area, include toumpano, tymbano, or toumbi, which stem from the Ancient Greek: τύμπανον (týmpanon); this word exists in English in the word tympani for the drum section in the modern classical orchestra and the tympanic membrane for the eardrum.

Traditional uses edit

In the southern Balkans, the rhythm of the tapan is complex and utilizes many accents in numerous traditional time signatures. In Macedonia, tapans are most often used to accompany other instruments such as the zurla and gaida, while in Bulgaria they usually accompany gaida and gadulka. They are also played solo in some Albanian, Bulgarian and Macedonian folk dances and songs. For centuries the tapan is irreplaceable at Bulgarian village festivities such as weddings and celebrations of patron saints of homes and villages. In Romania and Moldova the toba is sometimes used to accompany dances. In the regions of Moldavia, Maramures and Bihor there are also some varieties with a small cymbal mounted on top. They are generally struck with a wooden mallet on one skin and with a thinner stick on the rim or cymbal.

In Armenia, Turkey, Kurdistan, and Azerbaijan, the dhol/davul is most commonly played with the zurna, a wind instrument, although it can be played with other instruments and in ensembles as well. It has also traditionally been used for communication and for Turkish mehter, or janissary music. In Iraq and the Levant, it is predominantly used in Assyrian folk dance and Assyrian folk/pop music, among Assyrian people, which are mostly accompanied by a zurna. In Armenia, the dhol does not have as large of a circumference and is usually played with the hands, although a wooden, spoon-shaped drumstick is also used sometimes. It is frequently heard in Armenian folk music, usually along with other drums such as the dap, the dmblak, and native woodwinds such as the tsiranapogh, the sring, the shvi, the blul [hy], the parkapzuk (Armenian bagpipe), and some stringed instruments like the tavigh [hy], the pandir, the jnar [hy] and some of foreign origin, like the Iranian kamancha and the Arabic oud. Not only is it in folk music but also in modern music as well, even having solos in many prominent songs.[1]

Construction edit

 
Davul in shadow puppet theater. Here, Karagöz is shown with his davul.

The drum shell is made of hard wood, perhaps walnut or chestnut, though many woods may be in use depending on the region where the drum is made. To make the shell, the wood is boiled in water to make it bendable, and then it is bent into a cylindrical shape and fastened together. The heads are usually goat skin, and they are shaped into circles by wooden frames. However, one head may be goat skin to provide a higher tone, while the other head can be sheepskin, calfskin, or even donkey-skin to provide a lower tone. Some say that wolf skin and even dog skin are preferred.[2] Rope threaded back and forth across the shell of the drum, from head to head in a zigzag pattern, holds the heads on the drum and provides tension for tuning the drum. Sometimes metal rings or leather straps join neighboring strands of the rope in order to allow for further tuning. Two rings are sometimes attached to the main rope where a belt-like rope is threaded through to hold the drum.

In the former Yugoslavian republics and Bulgaria, the tapan is made in two dimensions, Bulgarian: golem, at about 50 – 55 cm diameter, and Bulgarian: mal or tapanche, at about 30 – 35 cm diameter.

In Turkey, davuls typically range in size from 60 cm to 90 cm in diameter. Cow hide is used for the bass pitch drum head side, while goat skin is used for the thin, high pitched side.

In Greece, daouli can be 12 to 14 inches for the toumbi up to 3 to 4 feet for daouli. Commonly the drum is about 20 to 30 inches.[2]

Playing style edit

Players often use a rope hooked to the drum to hold the drum sideways, so that one head is accessible with the left hand and one with the right. Each hand is usually dedicated to playing one side of the drum exclusively, though this can vary by local style and tradition.

Drummers of this drum typically uses two kinds of sticks. The drummer plays the accented beats with the dominant hand on the side of the drum with the thicker skin, using a special stick known as the Bulgarian: kukuda or ukanj, Turkish: tokmak, or Greek: daouloxylo (daouli stick).[2] This stick is a thick pipe-like stick about 440 mm long, which is often made with walnut. Its thick shape as well as the thickness of the head give the accented beats a low, full sound. Sometimes the drumhead played with the thick stick is also muted with a cloth to enhance the fundamental low note of the drum. Unaccented beats are played by the nondominant hand on the side of the drum having the thin skin, using a thin stick or switch called Bulgarian: pracka, Turkish: çubuk, or Greek: daouloverga (daouli switch).[2] This thin stick is often held cross-grip, and the drummer can quickly hit thin accent strokes by gently twisting the wrist. These thin sticks are often made from soft wood such as willow or cornel.

The Balkan school of tapan playing presumes the playing (not the accompaniment) of a melody, where the non-dominant hand is used to express all that the player wishes to say, while the dominant hand is only used to accentuate certain moments in the melody.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Dauli - Davul of Turkey. 2014-09-30 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ a b c d "Greek Musical Instruments". John Pappas. Retrieved 2008-01-09.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Davul.
  • History of the Davul, from ancient times until the 18th century; in German: Janissary instruments and Europe
  • Greek musical instruments

February 15, 2024
davul, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, april, 2020, learn, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Davul news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message The davul dhol tapan atabal or tabl is a large double headed drum that is played with mallets It has many names depending on the country and region These drums are commonly used in the music of the Middle East and the Balkans These drums have both a deep bass sound and a thin treble sound due to their construction and playing style where different heads and sticks are used to produce different sounds on the same drum DavulPercussion instrumentOther namesDavul tapan tablClassificationPercussion instrument membranophone Playing rangeRope tensionedSound sample source source Davul drumfilehelp Contents 1 Names 2 Traditional uses 3 Construction 4 Playing style 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksNames editSome names of davuls include dhol Armenian դհոլ dawola tabla Syriac ܛ ܒ ܠ ܐ dohol Persian دهل dohol doli Georgian დოლი doli davul Turkish davul lit drum dahol Kurdish dahol Southern Kurdish Diwel davil Tamil davil davula Sinhala දව ල tupan Goranian tupan daul tǎpan tupan Bulgarian tpan tupan goc tapan tupan Serbian goch tapan tupan tapan tupan Macedonian tapan tupan tobă dobă Romanian tobă tabl Arabic tabl or tabl baladi tof Hebrew tof תוף taoul in Pontic taoyl in lit drum lodra tupana daulle taborre Albanian lodra moldvai dob Hungarian moldvai dob Other Greek names for this drum include Davouli Argano Toskani Tsokani Toubi Toubaki Kiossi Tavouli Pavouli Toubano and Toubaneli Additionally other names for the daouli depending on the area include toumpano tymbano or toumbi which stem from the Ancient Greek tympanon ty mpanon this word exists in English in the word tympani for the drum section in the modern classical orchestra and the tympanic membrane for the eardrum Traditional uses editIn the southern Balkans the rhythm of the tapan is complex and utilizes many accents in numerous traditional time signatures In Macedonia tapans are most often used to accompany other instruments such as the zurla and gaida while in Bulgaria they usually accompany gaida and gadulka They are also played solo in some Albanian Bulgarian and Macedonian folk dances and songs For centuries the tapan is irreplaceable at Bulgarian village festivities such as weddings and celebrations of patron saints of homes and villages In Romania and Moldova the toba is sometimes used to accompany dances In the regions of Moldavia Maramures and Bihor there are also some varieties with a small cymbal mounted on top They are generally struck with a wooden mallet on one skin and with a thinner stick on the rim or cymbal In Armenia Turkey Kurdistan and Azerbaijan the dhol davul is most commonly played with the zurna a wind instrument although it can be played with other instruments and in ensembles as well It has also traditionally been used for communication and for Turkish mehter or janissary music In Iraq and the Levant it is predominantly used in Assyrian folk dance and Assyrian folk pop music among Assyrian people which are mostly accompanied by a zurna In Armenia the dhol does not have as large of a circumference and is usually played with the hands although a wooden spoon shaped drumstick is also used sometimes It is frequently heard in Armenian folk music usually along with other drums such as the dap the dmblak and native woodwinds such as the tsiranapogh the sring the shvi the blul hy the parkapzuk Armenian bagpipe and some stringed instruments like the tavigh hy the pandir the jnar hy and some of foreign origin like the Iranian kamancha and the Arabic oud Not only is it in folk music but also in modern music as well even having solos in many prominent songs 1 Construction edit nbsp Davul in shadow puppet theater Here Karagoz is shown with his davul The drum shell is made of hard wood perhaps walnut or chestnut though many woods may be in use depending on the region where the drum is made To make the shell the wood is boiled in water to make it bendable and then it is bent into a cylindrical shape and fastened together The heads are usually goat skin and they are shaped into circles by wooden frames However one head may be goat skin to provide a higher tone while the other head can be sheepskin calfskin or even donkey skin to provide a lower tone Some say that wolf skin and even dog skin are preferred 2 Rope threaded back and forth across the shell of the drum from head to head in a zigzag pattern holds the heads on the drum and provides tension for tuning the drum Sometimes metal rings or leather straps join neighboring strands of the rope in order to allow for further tuning Two rings are sometimes attached to the main rope where a belt like rope is threaded through to hold the drum In the former Yugoslavian republics and Bulgaria the tapan is made in two dimensions Bulgarian golem at about 50 55 cm diameter and Bulgarian mal or tapanche at about 30 35 cm diameter In Turkey davuls typically range in size from 60 cm to 90 cm in diameter Cow hide is used for the bass pitch drum head side while goat skin is used for the thin high pitched side In Greece daouli can be 12 to 14 inches for the toumbi up to 3 to 4 feet for daouli Commonly the drum is about 20 to 30 inches 2 Playing style editPlayers often use a rope hooked to the drum to hold the drum sideways so that one head is accessible with the left hand and one with the right Each hand is usually dedicated to playing one side of the drum exclusively though this can vary by local style and tradition Drummers of this drum typically uses two kinds of sticks The drummer plays the accented beats with the dominant hand on the side of the drum with the thicker skin using a special stick known as the Bulgarian kukuda or ukanj Turkish tokmak or Greek daouloxylo daouli stick 2 This stick is a thick pipe like stick about 440 mm long which is often made with walnut Its thick shape as well as the thickness of the head give the accented beats a low full sound Sometimes the drumhead played with the thick stick is also muted with a cloth to enhance the fundamental low note of the drum Unaccented beats are played by the nondominant hand on the side of the drum having the thin skin using a thin stick or switch called Bulgarian pracka Turkish cubuk or Greek daouloverga daouli switch 2 This thin stick is often held cross grip and the drummer can quickly hit thin accent strokes by gently twisting the wrist These thin sticks are often made from soft wood such as willow or cornel The Balkan school of tapan playing presumes the playing not the accompaniment of a melody where the non dominant hand is used to express all that the player wishes to say while the dominant hand is only used to accentuate certain moments in the melody See also edit nbsp Music portalBendir Daf Dhol Mazhar Nagara drum Riq Tar drum TimpaniReferences edit Dauli Davul of Turkey Archived 2014 09 30 at the Wayback Machine a b c d Greek Musical Instruments John Pappas Retrieved 2008 01 09 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Davul Discover Turkey information page on davul with sound clips History of the Davul from ancient times until the 18th century in German Janissary instruments and Europe Greek musical instruments Serbian musical instruments Pontic Daouli Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Davul amp oldid 1193413721, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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