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Cyclone Vayu

January 01, 1970

Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Vayu (/ˈvɑːjuː/) was a strong tropical cyclone that caused moderate damage in India during June 2019. It was the strongest tropical cyclone to affect the Saurashtra Peninsula of northwestern India since the 1998 Gujarat cyclone.[1][2] Vayu was the third tropical depression, third cyclonic storm and second very severe cyclonic storm of the 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, and the first of which to form in the Arabian Sea. Vayu originated from a low-pressure area that was first noted by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) on 9 June, near the northern Maldives. After consolidating into a depression, the storm tracked slowly north-northwestward over the eastern Arabian Sea, and reached cyclonic storm intensity late on 10 June. Steady strengthening continued into 11 June, and the storm underwent rapid intensification late in the day. Vayu reached peak intensity as a high-end very severe cyclonic storm at 06:00 UTC on 12 June, with three-minute sustained winds of 150 km/h (95 mph) and a minimum pressure of 970 hPa (28.64 inHg).[3] Despite initially being forecast to make landfall in the state of Gujarat, Vayu turned abruptly to the west on 13 June and moved away from the coast. The system weakened gradually as it tracked slowly towards the Arabian Peninsula, then weakened more quickly after beginning to accelerate back towards India on 16 June. Vayu was downgraded to a deep depression the following morning, and further to a depression a few hours later. The system degenerated into a well-marked low-pressure area late on 17 June, just before crossing the Gujarat coast. Vayu's remnants continued inland for several more hours, before dissipating on 18 June.

Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Vayu
Vayu at peak intensity on 13 June, just off the coast of Gujarat's Saurashtra Peninsula
Meteorological history
Formed10 June 2019
Remnant low17 June 2019
Dissipated18 June 2019
Very severe cyclonic storm
3-minute sustained (IMD)
Highest winds150 km/h (90 mph)
Lowest pressure970 hPa (mbar); 28.64 inHg
Category 3-equivalent tropical cyclone
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds185 km/h (115 mph)
Lowest pressure948 hPa (mbar); 27.99 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities8 total
Damage$140,000 (2019 USD)
Areas affectedMaldives, India, Pakistan, Oman
IBTrACS
Part of the 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

In total, as many as 6.6 million people in northwestern India were impacted by the cyclone.[4] Approximately 300,000 residents of coastal Gujarat were evacuated on 12 June in preparation for the system's arrival,[1] and thousands of personnel were deployed to the region to assist with preparations, rescue operations and clean up efforts. As of 18 June, eight people are reported to have been killed either directly or indirectly by the cyclone, and at least 12 more injured.[5][6][7][8][9]

The name Vayu was provided by India, and is derived from a Sanskrit and Hindi word meaning 'wind'.[10]

Meteorological history edit

 
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

In early June, a strong pulse of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) tracked eastwards into the tropical Indian Ocean, leading to increased cloudiness and rainfall across the region.[11] The presence of the pulse also contributed to enhanced convective activity, and generated conditions which were supportive of tropical cyclogenesis.[12] On 9 June, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) noted the development of a low-pressure area over the southeastern Arabian Sea, to the north of the Maldives.[13] Organisation increased throughout the day, and owing to the improved structure of the system, the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 22:30 UTC.[14] At 00:00 UTC the following day, the IMD indicated that the low-pressure area had consolidated into a tropical depression, and assigned it the designation ARB 01.[15] Conditions were favourable for further intensification, with improving upper-level divergence, and ample energy being provided by extremely warm sea surface temperatures of 31 °C (88 °F).[14][16] Vertical wind shear also continued to decrease as the depression tracked steadily north-northwestwards parallel to the western coast of India under the influence of an anticyclone over central India.[17] Deep convection strengthened around the low-level circulation centre, and the system was upgraded to a deep depression at 06:00 UTC.[18] Six hours later, the JTWC assessed one-minute sustained winds as having reached 65 km/h (40 mph), and designated the system as Tropical Cyclone 02A.[19] At 18:00 UTC on 10 June, the system strengthened into the third cyclonic storm of the season, and was named Vayu by the IMD.[20]

Vayu continued to steadily strengthen after intensifying into a cyclonic storm. A formative eye began to develop on 11 June, as intense deep convection wrapped tightly around the system. Vayu became a severe cyclonic storm by 12:00 UTC, and reached Category 1 tropical cyclone status on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS).[21] Shortly afterwards, the cyclone began a period of rapid intensification; however, the rate of intensification was tempered somewhat by strong vertical wind shear. Vayu was upgraded to a very severe cyclonic storm at 18:00 UTC, and continued to strengthen through 00:00 UTC on 12 June, at which point the system became a Category 2-equivalent tropical cyclone on the SSHWS.[22] One-minute sustained winds increased to 165 km/h (105 mph) six hours later as a ragged eye developed on visible-light satellite imagery, surrounded by strong deep convection, particularly in the western semicircle of the storm.[23] The intensification trend then slowed, however, with three-minute sustained winds only increasing further to 150 km/h (95 mph) by 12:00 UTC.[24] Vayu's intensity soon plateaued as ocean heat content began to decrease and drier air began to infiltrate the cyclone's circulation.[25][26] As Vayu approached the coastline of the state of Gujarat in northwestern India, the influence of a strengthening subtropical ridge over Saudi Arabia caused the system to gradually slow down and turn towards the west.[27][28] At 12:00 UTC on 13 June, the JTWC indicated that lower vertical wind shear had allowed Vayu to strengthen, noting that the eye had become more distinct. Vayu's intensity was now equivalent to a minimal Category 3 major hurricane on the SSHWS, with one-minute sustained winds of 185 km/h (115 mph).[29]

Vayu began to weaken on 14 June as it tracked slowly westward, away from the Gujarat coastline.[30] Despite the low wind shear and warm ocean, upper-level outflow from the storm had begun to diminish, allowing the dry air entrainment from the northwest to start eroding the cyclone.[31] The central dense overcast and circulation centre became increasingly ragged and elongated as deep convection diminished and started to become displaced. Vayu weakened to Category 1-equivalent tropical cyclone status at 12:00 UTC,[32] as the loose central convection expanded to leave a ragged eye 55 km (35 mi) in diameter.[33] Vayu's slow westward track through the weak competing steering environment over the northern Arabian Sea brought the system into an environment of high easterly vertical wind shear.[34] The majority of deep convection became confined to the cyclone's southern quadrants,[34] causing the system to weaken to a severe cyclonic storm at 00:00 UTC on 16 June.[35] An approaching mid-latitude trough weakened the areas of high pressure centred to the west and northeast,[31] Vayu recurved sharply to the northeast.[36] Upon weakening further to a cyclonic storm, strong low-level southwesterly flow caused the system to accelerate northeastwards through the break in the blocking high-pressure ridge, back towards the Gujarat coast.[31][37] Strong vertical wind shear and dry air ingestion from the western semicircle of the storm's circulation continued to erode the cyclone, and Vayu weakened into a deep depression at 03:00 UTC on 17 June,[38] with the JTWC issuing their final advisory at this time.[39] The system was downgraded further to a depression by the IMD six hours later.[40] Soon afterwards, the IMD issued their final advisory on the system after Vayu degenerated into a well-marked low-pressure area, just before crossing the Gujarat coast near the India–Pakistan border.[41] On 18 June, Vayu's remnants slowly moved inland, while continuing to weaken, before dissipating later that day.[citation needed]

Preparations edit

First approach to land edit

 
Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Vayu during its first approach

As the system intensified into a deep depression, the IMD issued a pre-cyclone watch for the coastline of the state of Gujarat. The agency indicated that further strengthening into a cyclonic storm within the following 24 hours was very likely. Fishermen were warned not to venture into the Arabian Sea near the developing system or in the forecast path of the cyclone, and mariners already at sea were urged to return to the coast.[42] The pre-watch for the Gujarat coastline was upgraded to a yellow cyclone alert at 12:00 UTC on 10 June, with forecasts predicting landfall as a very severe cyclonic storm on 12 June.[17] This was further upgraded to an orange alert on 11 June.[43] The IMD warned that thatched houses in the path of the cyclone were likely to be completely destroyed, and that kutcha houses could sustain significant damage. The IMD also indicated that a storm surge of 1.5–2.0 m (4.9–6.6 ft) was possible, and had the potential to inundate low-lying coastal areas.[44]

Tropical cyclones are relatively infrequent in northwestern India and the northern Arabian Sea. Gujarat had not experienced a hurricane-force tropical cyclone landfall since an unnamed system struck the region as an extremely severe cyclonic storm in June 1998, causing more than 10,000 fatalities.[1] As Vayu was initially forecast to make landfall as a very severe cyclonic storm, the potential for major impacts prompted significant preparation measures in the state. Beginning on the morning of 12 June, the Indian government evacuated approximately 300,000 people living in coastal regions of Gujarat to 2000 shelter homes,[1][45][46] as well as 10,000 people from the nearby island of Diu.[47] All schools and colleges in the area were also closed to safeguard students and staff.[1] All flights at airports in Porbandar, Diu, Bhavnagar, Keshod and Kandla were grounded from midnight local time on 13 June, and 77 train services cancelled and 38 others shortened.[48] In Mumbai, ferry services were suspended,[2] more than 128 train services were cancelled or shortened,[9] and approximately 400 flights were affected by delays or diversions as the cyclone passed to the west on 12–13 June.[10] All ports in Gujarat suspended operations from 12 June, and many vessels which had been berthed there departed the ports for safety.[10][49]

Approximately 2,300 personnel in 52 teams from the National Disaster Response Force were deployed to Gujarat help local authorities with evacuation efforts, as well as to aid in search, rescue and relief operations after the cyclone.[1][10] Personnel from the state reserve police were deployed to the region, as well as 300 commandos from the state marine police. Boats and aircraft were sent to various locations across Gujarat to enable and assist search and rescue operations if required.[50] The Indian Coast Guard, Army, Navy and Air Force were also all put on alert, with about 2,400 army personnel in 34 teams placed on standby, and naval diving teams assembled to conduct water rescues if necessary.[1][10][50][51] Police officers also conducted night patrols to ensure that no residents were left behind in evacuated areas.[50]

Second approach to land edit

After local governments were informed that Cyclone Vayu was likely to return to the coast of Gujarat, further preparations were undertaken, albeit minor due to the significantly weakened nature of the system. The IMD warned that heavy rainfall and large waves were expected, and had the potential to inundate low-lying areas such as the coastal salt marshes. As a precaution, the local government in the Kutch district of northern Gujarat asked salt pan workers in coastal areas from Bhachau to Mundra to stay home from work. The government noted that five teams from the NDRF that had been deployed in the initial large-scale preparatory measures would remain in Kutch for the anticipated landfall, and that several teams of local officers had been formed to help maintain safety and security throughout the event. Plans were made to evacuate local residents at short notice if required.[52]

Impacts edit

Despite not making landfall, Cyclone Vayu tracked close enough to the Indian coastline to produce minor impacts. Strong winds, heavy rainfall and large waves were experienced along large sections of the country's western coast, particularly in Gujarat.[53] Numerous thatched houses were either damaged or destroyed by gusty winds, with many kutcha houses having their roofs torn off.[6] A large number of tin sheds were blown away, and many trees were uprooted along the Saurashtra coast and on the island of Diu.[50][54] Strong winds caused the 150-year-old Bhuteshwar Mahadev temple in Porbandar to collapse and a metal shed at Somnath Temple to be damaged.[50][55][48] Damage to power lines and electricity poles caused power cuts in more than 2,250 villages in Gujarat, with blackouts lasting for several days in some locations.[56][57] The prolonged strong winds generated waves of around 4 m (13 ft) high along large parts of the coastline.[48] Many low-lying coastal areas on the Saurashtra coast and southern Gujarat were flooded by waves and tides of up to 6 m (20 ft) in height,[54] and severe damage was caused to at least 15 houses in the city of Ullal.[58] Local fishermen in Porbandar sustained ₹10 million (US$140,000) in damages as strong winds and waves caused as many as 25 small boats to sink, and one larger boat to receive significant damage. In Veraval, about 20 small boats and five larger boats were also damaged.[57] Fishermen complained that there had been inadequate room to safely anchor their vessels during the cyclone, which was responsible for the damage.[59] Some fishermen in Veraval also had to be rescued after their boats capsized in the large waves, with one person being hospitalised due to their injuries.[8][60]

Rain in Mehsana city of Gujarat on 18 June 2019 due to impact of Cyclone Vayu

Moderate to heavy rainfall occurred in more than 100 tehsils across Gujarat. The highest observed rainfall total was at Talala in the Gir-Somnath district, where 160 millimetres (6.3 in) of precipitation was recorded.[61] Veraval also experienced heavy rainfall, with 67 millimetres (2.6 in) falling in just six hours.[62] In southern Gujarat, lightning strikes killed five people and injured two others. Many of the victims had been working on farms during heavy rain and thunderstorms when they were struck.[6][8] A motorist was also killed after being hit by a falling tree on the side of the road while driving home.[6] In the town of Chamba in northern India, houses and roads were damaged by flash flooding and hail from a severe thunderstorm associated with Vayu.[50] Rainfall associated with Vayu continued for several days in the state of Maharashtra, with the city of Nashik receiving 92.1 millimetre (0.039 in) of precipitation in a 24-hour period on 15–16 June.[63]

Cyclone Vayu also caused impacts in other parts of India. Mumbai experienced strong sustained winds which peaked just below gale-force at 58 km/h (36 mph) after midday on 12 June. Several trees fell throughout the city, resulting in at least four injuries, and blocking a road for many hours.[9] A pedestrian was killed and two others were injured when an aluminium cladding sheet fell from Churchgate railway station. The family of the deceased victim received ₹500,000 (US$7,000) as an ex gratia payment from the railway company.[64] Three pedestrians were injured by an acrylic sheet that had fallen from a skywalk due to strong winds.[5] A hoarding also collapsed near a train station in Thane, although no injuries were reported.[9] Strong winds also produced a large dust storm in the Indian capital, New Delhi, on 12 June.[65] Crude oil and plastic waste were washed up onto beaches on the Raigad, Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg coasts by waves generated by Vayu.[66][67]

Enhanced waves and ocean swell generated by Cyclone Vayu while it was located in the northern Arabian Sea also affected some coastal areas of Oman, including the South Al Sharqiyah governorate. The waves caused minor flooding of low-lying areas in various towns along the coast, including Al Suwaih and Ras Al Hid. Seawater caused some houses to become flooded, as well as local beaches and surrounding areas. Floodwaters also caused several vehicles to drift from where they were parked.[68] Large waves also caused minor flooding in about ten villages in coastal regions of southern Pakistan.[69]

The onset of the Indian monsoon had been delayed past its usual commencement by about one week due to near-El Niño conditions in the tropical Pacific Ocean throughout 2019.[70][71] The formation of Cyclone Vayu caused a further week's delay in the monsoon's progression towards northern India by drawing clouds and moisture over the Arabian Sea, away from the developing monsoon trough.[45][72] The severe heat wave in Pakistan was also exacerbated by Vayu. The anticlockwise rotation of the cyclone's wind field caused typical cool onshore winds to be replaced by hot winds from the desert to the north.[73] Temperatures of above 40 °C (104 °F) were experienced in numerous cities across the country, including the coastal city of Karachi.[73][74] One elderly resident in Karachi died of heat stroke on 15 June, and numerous other people were treated in hospitals and medical clinics for symptoms such as dehydration, dizziness and exhaustion.[7]

See also edit

  • 1998 Gujarat cyclone—an extremely deadly and damaging tropical cyclone to make landfall in Gujarat
  • 2001 India cyclone—a powerful tropical cyclone which followed a similar track to Vayu
  • Cyclone Gonu—the most powerful tropical cyclone on record in the Arabian Sea, occurring in June 2007
  • 2015 Gujarat cyclone—a weak but deadly and damaging tropical cyclone that made landfall in Gujarat as a deep depression
  • Cyclone Ockhi—a strong tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea in December 2017 which also affected western India
  • Cyclone Maha—a strong tropical cyclone that took a similar path later in the season
  • Cyclone Tauktae—an extremely damaging tropical cyclone, and the most recent to make landfall in Gujarat
  • Cyclone Biparjoy-a damaging cyclone in 2023, also with a similar path

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External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyclone Vayu.
  • Joint Typhoon Warning Center

January 01, 1970
cyclone, vayu, very, severe, cyclonic, storm, vayu, ɑː, juː, strong, tropical, cyclone, that, caused, moderate, damage, india, during, june, 2019, strongest, tropical, cyclone, affect, saurashtra, peninsula, northwestern, india, since, 1998, gujarat, cyclone, . Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Vayu ˈ v ɑː juː was a strong tropical cyclone that caused moderate damage in India during June 2019 It was the strongest tropical cyclone to affect the Saurashtra Peninsula of northwestern India since the 1998 Gujarat cyclone 1 2 Vayu was the third tropical depression third cyclonic storm and second very severe cyclonic storm of the 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season and the first of which to form in the Arabian Sea Vayu originated from a low pressure area that was first noted by the India Meteorological Department IMD on 9 June near the northern Maldives After consolidating into a depression the storm tracked slowly north northwestward over the eastern Arabian Sea and reached cyclonic storm intensity late on 10 June Steady strengthening continued into 11 June and the storm underwent rapid intensification late in the day Vayu reached peak intensity as a high end very severe cyclonic storm at 06 00 UTC on 12 June with three minute sustained winds of 150 km h 95 mph and a minimum pressure of 970 hPa 28 64 inHg 3 Despite initially being forecast to make landfall in the state of Gujarat Vayu turned abruptly to the west on 13 June and moved away from the coast The system weakened gradually as it tracked slowly towards the Arabian Peninsula then weakened more quickly after beginning to accelerate back towards India on 16 June Vayu was downgraded to a deep depression the following morning and further to a depression a few hours later The system degenerated into a well marked low pressure area late on 17 June just before crossing the Gujarat coast Vayu s remnants continued inland for several more hours before dissipating on 18 June Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Vayu Vayu at peak intensity on 13 June just off the coast of Gujarat s Saurashtra PeninsulaMeteorological historyFormed10 June 2019Remnant low17 June 2019Dissipated18 June 2019Very severe cyclonic storm3 minute sustained IMD Highest winds150 km h 90 mph Lowest pressure970 hPa mbar 28 64 inHgCategory 3 equivalent tropical cyclone1 minute sustained SSHWS JTWC Highest winds185 km h 115 mph Lowest pressure948 hPa mbar 27 99 inHgOverall effectsFatalities8 totalDamage 140 000 2019 USD Areas affectedMaldives India Pakistan OmanIBTrACSPart of the 2019 North Indian Ocean cyclone season In total as many as 6 6 million people in northwestern India were impacted by the cyclone 4 Approximately 300 000 residents of coastal Gujarat were evacuated on 12 June in preparation for the system s arrival 1 and thousands of personnel were deployed to the region to assist with preparations rescue operations and clean up efforts As of 18 June eight people are reported to have been killed either directly or indirectly by the cyclone and at least 12 more injured 5 6 7 8 9 The name Vayu was provided by India and is derived from a Sanskrit and Hindi word meaning wind 10 Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Preparations 2 1 First approach to land 2 2 Second approach to land 3 Impacts 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksMeteorological history edit nbsp Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type nbsp Tropical cyclone nbsp Subtropical cyclone nbsp Extratropical cyclone remnant low tropical disturbance or monsoon depression In early June a strong pulse of the Madden Julian oscillation MJO tracked eastwards into the tropical Indian Ocean leading to increased cloudiness and rainfall across the region 11 The presence of the pulse also contributed to enhanced convective activity and generated conditions which were supportive of tropical cyclogenesis 12 On 9 June the India Meteorological Department IMD noted the development of a low pressure area over the southeastern Arabian Sea to the north of the Maldives 13 Organisation increased throughout the day and owing to the improved structure of the system the United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert at 22 30 UTC 14 At 00 00 UTC the following day the IMD indicated that the low pressure area had consolidated into a tropical depression and assigned it the designation ARB 01 15 Conditions were favourable for further intensification with improving upper level divergence and ample energy being provided by extremely warm sea surface temperatures of 31 C 88 F 14 16 Vertical wind shear also continued to decrease as the depression tracked steadily north northwestwards parallel to the western coast of India under the influence of an anticyclone over central India 17 Deep convection strengthened around the low level circulation centre and the system was upgraded to a deep depression at 06 00 UTC 18 Six hours later the JTWC assessed one minute sustained winds as having reached 65 km h 40 mph and designated the system as Tropical Cyclone 02A 19 At 18 00 UTC on 10 June the system strengthened into the third cyclonic storm of the season and was named Vayu by the IMD 20 Vayu continued to steadily strengthen after intensifying into a cyclonic storm A formative eye began to develop on 11 June as intense deep convection wrapped tightly around the system Vayu became a severe cyclonic storm by 12 00 UTC and reached Category 1 tropical cyclone status on the Saffir Simpson hurricane wind scale SSHWS 21 Shortly afterwards the cyclone began a period of rapid intensification however the rate of intensification was tempered somewhat by strong vertical wind shear Vayu was upgraded to a very severe cyclonic storm at 18 00 UTC and continued to strengthen through 00 00 UTC on 12 June at which point the system became a Category 2 equivalent tropical cyclone on the SSHWS 22 One minute sustained winds increased to 165 km h 105 mph six hours later as a ragged eye developed on visible light satellite imagery surrounded by strong deep convection particularly in the western semicircle of the storm 23 The intensification trend then slowed however with three minute sustained winds only increasing further to 150 km h 95 mph by 12 00 UTC 24 Vayu s intensity soon plateaued as ocean heat content began to decrease and drier air began to infiltrate the cyclone s circulation 25 26 As Vayu approached the coastline of the state of Gujarat in northwestern India the influence of a strengthening subtropical ridge over Saudi Arabia caused the system to gradually slow down and turn towards the west 27 28 At 12 00 UTC on 13 June the JTWC indicated that lower vertical wind shear had allowed Vayu to strengthen noting that the eye had become more distinct Vayu s intensity was now equivalent to a minimal Category 3 major hurricane on the SSHWS with one minute sustained winds of 185 km h 115 mph 29 Vayu began to weaken on 14 June as it tracked slowly westward away from the Gujarat coastline 30 Despite the low wind shear and warm ocean upper level outflow from the storm had begun to diminish allowing the dry air entrainment from the northwest to start eroding the cyclone 31 The central dense overcast and circulation centre became increasingly ragged and elongated as deep convection diminished and started to become displaced Vayu weakened to Category 1 equivalent tropical cyclone status at 12 00 UTC 32 as the loose central convection expanded to leave a ragged eye 55 km 35 mi in diameter 33 Vayu s slow westward track through the weak competing steering environment over the northern Arabian Sea brought the system into an environment of high easterly vertical wind shear 34 The majority of deep convection became confined to the cyclone s southern quadrants 34 causing the system to weaken to a severe cyclonic storm at 00 00 UTC on 16 June 35 An approaching mid latitude trough weakened the areas of high pressure centred to the west and northeast 31 Vayu recurved sharply to the northeast 36 Upon weakening further to a cyclonic storm strong low level southwesterly flow caused the system to accelerate northeastwards through the break in the blocking high pressure ridge back towards the Gujarat coast 31 37 Strong vertical wind shear and dry air ingestion from the western semicircle of the storm s circulation continued to erode the cyclone and Vayu weakened into a deep depression at 03 00 UTC on 17 June 38 with the JTWC issuing their final advisory at this time 39 The system was downgraded further to a depression by the IMD six hours later 40 Soon afterwards the IMD issued their final advisory on the system after Vayu degenerated into a well marked low pressure area just before crossing the Gujarat coast near the India Pakistan border 41 On 18 June Vayu s remnants slowly moved inland while continuing to weaken before dissipating later that day citation needed Preparations editFirst approach to land edit nbsp Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Vayu during its first approach As the system intensified into a deep depression the IMD issued a pre cyclone watch for the coastline of the state of Gujarat The agency indicated that further strengthening into a cyclonic storm within the following 24 hours was very likely Fishermen were warned not to venture into the Arabian Sea near the developing system or in the forecast path of the cyclone and mariners already at sea were urged to return to the coast 42 The pre watch for the Gujarat coastline was upgraded to a yellow cyclone alert at 12 00 UTC on 10 June with forecasts predicting landfall as a very severe cyclonic storm on 12 June 17 This was further upgraded to an orange alert on 11 June 43 The IMD warned that thatched houses in the path of the cyclone were likely to be completely destroyed and that kutcha houses could sustain significant damage The IMD also indicated that a storm surge of 1 5 2 0 m 4 9 6 6 ft was possible and had the potential to inundate low lying coastal areas 44 Tropical cyclones are relatively infrequent in northwestern India and the northern Arabian Sea Gujarat had not experienced a hurricane force tropical cyclone landfall since an unnamed system struck the region as an extremely severe cyclonic storm in June 1998 causing more than 10 000 fatalities 1 As Vayu was initially forecast to make landfall as a very severe cyclonic storm the potential for major impacts prompted significant preparation measures in the state Beginning on the morning of 12 June the Indian government evacuated approximately 300 000 people living in coastal regions of Gujarat to 2000 shelter homes 1 45 46 as well as 10 000 people from the nearby island of Diu 47 All schools and colleges in the area were also closed to safeguard students and staff 1 All flights at airports in Porbandar Diu Bhavnagar Keshod and Kandla were grounded from midnight local time on 13 June and 77 train services cancelled and 38 others shortened 48 In Mumbai ferry services were suspended 2 more than 128 train services were cancelled or shortened 9 and approximately 400 flights were affected by delays or diversions as the cyclone passed to the west on 12 13 June 10 All ports in Gujarat suspended operations from 12 June and many vessels which had been berthed there departed the ports for safety 10 49 Approximately 2 300 personnel in 52 teams from the National Disaster Response Force were deployed to Gujarat help local authorities with evacuation efforts as well as to aid in search rescue and relief operations after the cyclone 1 10 Personnel from the state reserve police were deployed to the region as well as 300 commandos from the state marine police Boats and aircraft were sent to various locations across Gujarat to enable and assist search and rescue operations if required 50 The Indian Coast Guard Army Navy and Air Force were also all put on alert with about 2 400 army personnel in 34 teams placed on standby and naval diving teams assembled to conduct water rescues if necessary 1 10 50 51 Police officers also conducted night patrols to ensure that no residents were left behind in evacuated areas 50 Second approach to land edit After local governments were informed that Cyclone Vayu was likely to return to the coast of Gujarat further preparations were undertaken albeit minor due to the significantly weakened nature of the system The IMD warned that heavy rainfall and large waves were expected and had the potential to inundate low lying areas such as the coastal salt marshes As a precaution the local government in the Kutch district of northern Gujarat asked salt pan workers in coastal areas from Bhachau to Mundra to stay home from work The government noted that five teams from the NDRF that had been deployed in the initial large scale preparatory measures would remain in Kutch for the anticipated landfall and that several teams of local officers had been formed to help maintain safety and security throughout the event Plans were made to evacuate local residents at short notice if required 52 Impacts editDespite not making landfall Cyclone Vayu tracked close enough to the Indian coastline to produce minor impacts Strong winds heavy rainfall and large waves were experienced along large sections of the country s western coast particularly in Gujarat 53 Numerous thatched houses were either damaged or destroyed by gusty winds with many kutcha houses having their roofs torn off 6 A large number of tin sheds were blown away and many trees were uprooted along the Saurashtra coast and on the island of Diu 50 54 Strong winds caused the 150 year old Bhuteshwar Mahadev temple in Porbandar to collapse and a metal shed at Somnath Temple to be damaged 50 55 48 Damage to power lines and electricity poles caused power cuts in more than 2 250 villages in Gujarat with blackouts lasting for several days in some locations 56 57 The prolonged strong winds generated waves of around 4 m 13 ft high along large parts of the coastline 48 Many low lying coastal areas on the Saurashtra coast and southern Gujarat were flooded by waves and tides of up to 6 m 20 ft in height 54 and severe damage was caused to at least 15 houses in the city of Ullal 58 Local fishermen in Porbandar sustained 10 million US 140 000 in damages as strong winds and waves caused as many as 25 small boats to sink and one larger boat to receive significant damage In Veraval about 20 small boats and five larger boats were also damaged 57 Fishermen complained that there had been inadequate room to safely anchor their vessels during the cyclone which was responsible for the damage 59 Some fishermen in Veraval also had to be rescued after their boats capsized in the large waves with one person being hospitalised due to their injuries 8 60 source source source Rain in Mehsana city of Gujarat on 18 June 2019 due to impact of Cyclone Vayu Moderate to heavy rainfall occurred in more than 100 tehsils across Gujarat The highest observed rainfall total was at Talala in the Gir Somnath district where 160 millimetres 6 3 in of precipitation was recorded 61 Veraval also experienced heavy rainfall with 67 millimetres 2 6 in falling in just six hours 62 In southern Gujarat lightning strikes killed five people and injured two others Many of the victims had been working on farms during heavy rain and thunderstorms when they were struck 6 8 A motorist was also killed after being hit by a falling tree on the side of the road while driving home 6 In the town of Chamba in northern India houses and roads were damaged by flash flooding and hail from a severe thunderstorm associated with Vayu 50 Rainfall associated with Vayu continued for several days in the state of Maharashtra with the city of Nashik receiving 92 1 millimetre 0 039 in of precipitation in a 24 hour period on 15 16 June 63 Cyclone Vayu also caused impacts in other parts of India Mumbai experienced strong sustained winds which peaked just below gale force at 58 km h 36 mph after midday on 12 June Several trees fell throughout the city resulting in at least four injuries and blocking a road for many hours 9 A pedestrian was killed and two others were injured when an aluminium cladding sheet fell from Churchgate railway station The family of the deceased victim received 500 000 US 7 000 as an ex gratia payment from the railway company 64 Three pedestrians were injured by an acrylic sheet that had fallen from a skywalk due to strong winds 5 A hoarding also collapsed near a train station in Thane although no injuries were reported 9 Strong winds also produced a large dust storm in the Indian capital New Delhi on 12 June 65 Crude oil and plastic waste were washed up onto beaches on the Raigad Ratnagiri and Sindhudurg coasts by waves generated by Vayu 66 67 Enhanced waves and ocean swell generated by Cyclone Vayu while it was located in the northern Arabian Sea also affected some coastal areas of Oman including the South Al Sharqiyah governorate The waves caused minor flooding of low lying areas in various towns along the coast including Al Suwaih and Ras Al Hid Seawater caused some houses to become flooded as well as local beaches and surrounding areas Floodwaters also caused several vehicles to drift from where they were parked 68 Large waves also caused minor flooding in about ten villages in coastal regions of southern Pakistan 69 The onset of the Indian monsoon had been delayed past its usual commencement by about one week due to near El Nino conditions in the tropical Pacific Ocean throughout 2019 70 71 The formation of Cyclone Vayu caused a further week s delay in the monsoon s progression towards northern India by drawing clouds and moisture over the Arabian Sea away from the developing monsoon trough 45 72 The severe heat wave in Pakistan was also exacerbated by Vayu The anticlockwise rotation of the cyclone s wind field caused typical cool onshore winds to be replaced by hot winds from the desert to the north 73 Temperatures of above 40 C 104 F were experienced in numerous cities across the country including the coastal city of Karachi 73 74 One elderly resident in Karachi died of heat stroke on 15 June and numerous other people were treated in hospitals and medical clinics for symptoms such as dehydration dizziness and exhaustion 7 See also edit nbsp Tropical cyclones portal 1998 Gujarat cyclone an extremely deadly and damaging tropical cyclone to make landfall in Gujarat 2001 India cyclone a powerful tropical cyclone which followed a similar track to Vayu Cyclone Gonu the most powerful tropical cyclone on record in the Arabian Sea occurring in June 2007 2015 Gujarat cyclone a weak but deadly and damaging tropical cyclone that made landfall in Gujarat as a deep depression Cyclone Ockhi a strong tropical cyclone in the Arabian Sea in December 2017 which also affected western India Cyclone Maha a strong tropical cyclone that took a similar path later in the season Cyclone Tauktae an extremely damaging tropical cyclone and the most recent to make landfall in Gujarat Cyclone Biparjoy a damaging cyclone in 2023 also with a similar pathReferences edit a b c d e f g Miller Brandon Ward Taylor Pokharel Sugam 12 June 2019 India evacuates 300 000 people ahead of Tropical Cyclone Vayu CNN Archived from the original on 13 June 2019 Retrieved 13 June 2019 a b Pydynowski Kristina 13 June 2019 Powerful Cyclone Vayu to pass dangerously close to Gujarat India AccuWeather Archived from the original on 13 June 2019 Retrieved 13 June 2019 Very Severe Cyclonic Storm VAYU over southeast amp adjoining eastcentral Arabian Sea and Lakshadweep 10 June 17 June 2019 Summary PDF Report India Meteorological Department Retrieved 28 September 2019 Backhouse Andrew 12 June 2019 Tropical Cyclone Vayu Huge cyclone threatens millions in India news com au Archived from the original on 13 June 2019 Retrieved 13 June 2019 a b Rains and strong winds hit Mumbai 1 killed 2 injured as portion of cladding collapses at Churchgate Railway Station Mumbai Mirror 12 June 2019 Archived from the original on 14 June 2019 Retrieved 14 June 2019 a b c d Saiyed Kamal Mohanty Aishwarya 13 June 2019 Gujarat Six killed 2 injured in 3 districts ahead of Vayu landfall The Indian Express Archived from the original on 14 June 2019 Retrieved 14 June 2019 a b Waqar Bhatti M 15 June 2019 Elderly man apparently dies due to heat stroke as weathermen predicts another very hot humid day on Sunday The News International Archived from the original on 16 June 2019 Retrieved 16 June 2019 a b c Cyclone veers away from Indian coast The Borneo Post 13 June 2019 Archived from the original on 13 June 2019 Retrieved 13 June 2019 a b c d Cyclone Vayu continues to wreak havoc in Mumbai mid day com 14 June 2019 Archived from the original on 14 June 2019 Retrieved 14 June 2019 a b c d e Varma Shylaja 13 June 2019 Cyclone Vayu Won t Hit Gujarat Changes Course Overnight 10 Points NDTV Archived from the original on 13 June 2019 Retrieved 13 June 2019 Weekly Tropical Climate Outlook Australian Bureau of Meteorology 4 June 2019 Archived from the original on 10 June 2019 Retrieved 10 June 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Tropical Weather Outlook PDF India Meteorological Department 9 June 2019 Archived from the original PDF on 10 June 2019 Retrieved 10 June 2019 Gopal Neetha 9 June 2019 Informatory Message 1 PDF India Meteorological Department Archived from the original PDF on 9 June 2019 Retrieved 9 June 2019 a b Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert Joint Typhoon Warning Center Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command 9 June 2019 Archived from the original on 10 June 2019 Retrieved 10 June 2019 Kumar Naresh 10 June 2019 National Bulletin 1 PDF India Meteorological Department Archived from the original PDF on 10 June 2019 Retrieved 10 June 2019 Gopal Neetha 10 June 2019 Special Tropical Weather Outlook 03Z PDF India Meteorological Department Archived from the original 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Retrieved 13 June 2019 Cyclone Vayu veers away from Gujarat but state not breathing easy yet The Times of India 14 June 2019 Retrieved 14 June 2019 Jha Prionka 13 June 2019 Cyclone Vayu Highlights Lakhs Evacuated Trains And Flights Stopped NDTV Archived from the original on 14 June 2019 Retrieved 14 June 2019 a b c Cyclone Vayu veers away but Gujarat still on high alert The Times of India 14 June 2019 Retrieved 14 June 2019 Cyclone Vayu poised to hit India as year s second major storm Al Jazeera 12 June 2019 Retrieved 12 June 2019 a b c d e f Bansal Kritika 13 June 2019 Cyclone Vayu Updates Storm heads away from Gujarat strong winds heavy rain to hit coastal areas India Today Archived from the original on 13 June 2019 Retrieved 13 June 2019 Cyclone Vayu India cyclone changes course overnight BBC News British Broadcasting Corporation 13 June 2019 Archived from the original on 13 June 2019 Retrieved 13 June 2019 Cyclone Vayu to cross north Gujarat by Monday midnight as depression coastal areas on alert The Indian Express 16 June 2019 Archived from the original on 17 June 2019 Retrieved 17 June 2019 Solanki Ajit 13 June 2019 Cyclone Vayu veers away from Indian coast News com au Archived from the original on 15 June 2019 Retrieved 15 June 2019 a b Dasgupta Manas 14 June 2019 Cyclone spares Guj changes course to Oman The Tribune Archived from the original on 14 June 2019 Retrieved 14 June 2019 Cyclone Vayu skirts Gujarat as it moves towards Oman state to remain on high alert for 24 hours Scroll in 13 June 2019 Archived from the original on 13 June 2019 Retrieved 13 June 2019 Even though danger of storm VAYU is gone need to be alert Gujarat CM United News of India 13 June 2019 Archived from the original on 13 June 2019 Retrieved 13 June 2019 a b Gale rough sea leaves several fishing boats damaged The Times of India 15 June 2019 Retrieved 15 June 2019 Heavy rains tidal waves damage properties in Mangaluru s Ullal ANI 15 June 2019 Archived from the original on 15 June 2019 Retrieved 15 June 2019 Fishermen Claim Heavy Losses Due To Cyclone Vayu Seek Government Help ANI 14 June 2019 Archived from the original on 15 June 2019 Retrieved 15 June 2019 Six million people could be affected by Tropical Cyclone Vayu 9News 13 June 2019 Archived from the original on 13 June 2019 Retrieved 13 June 2019 Cyclone Vayu Centre says storm may hit Gujarat s Kutch IMD contradicts India Today 15 June 2019 Archived from the original on 15 June 2019 Retrieved 15 June 2019 VERAVAL RECORDS 67 MM RAIN IN SIX HOURS AS CYCLONE VAYU SKIRTS THE GUJARAT COAST Skymet Weather 14 June 2019 Archived from the original on 15 June 2019 Retrieved 15 June 2019 Rain in Pune Kolhapur Sangli and Satara to Continue Despite Cyclone Vayu Moving Away Skymet Weather 16 June 2019 Archived from the original on 16 June 2019 Retrieved 16 June 2019 Man killed as portion of cladding collapses at Churchgate railway station Mumbai Mirror 12 June 2019 Archived from the original on 16 June 2019 Retrieved 16 June 2019 Dust storm in Delhi NCR mercury drops light rain forecast for today Hindustan Times 13 June 2019 Archived from the original on 13 June 2019 Retrieved 13 June 2019 Fishermen raise concern over oil being washed ashore off Raigad and Ratnagiri coast DNA India 14 June 2019 Archived from the original on 14 June 2019 Retrieved 14 June 2019 Fishermen spot oil tar tracks on Maha s beaches The Asian Age 15 June 2019 Archived from the original on 15 June 2019 Retrieved 15 June 2019 Seawater enters homes in South Al Sharqiyah coast The Times of Oman 16 June 2019 Archived from the original on 17 June 2019 Retrieved 17 June 2019 Weather in Karachi returns to normalcy as cyclone Vayu subsides ARY News 17 June 2019 Archived from the original on 17 June 2019 Retrieved 17 June 2019 Weekly Tropical Climate Note Australian Bureau of Meteorology 4 June 2019 Archived from the original on 17 June 2019 Retrieved 16 June 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Advance of Southwest Monsoon 2019 India Meteorological Department 16 June 2019 Archived from the original on 16 June 2019 Retrieved 16 June 2019 Monsoon In Maharashtra Likely To Be Delayed By 1 Week Due To Cyclone Vayu ANI News 14 June 2019 Archived from the original on 14 June 2019 Retrieved 14 June 2019 a b Navarro Adriana 14 June 2019 Weeks long heat wave tightening its grip on Pakistan and it won t let up for weeks AccuWeather Archived from the original on 15 June 2019 Retrieved 15 June 2019 Shahnawaz Ali S 13 June 2019 Karachi s temperature to soar as Cyclone Vayu nears India SAMAA TV Jaag Broadcasting Systems Archived from the original on 14 June 2019 Retrieved 14 June 2019 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyclone Vayu India Meteorological Department Joint Typhoon Warning Center Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cyclone Vayu amp oldid 1192323631, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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