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Dizziness

July 21, 2023

For the film, see Dizziness (film).
"Dizzy" redirects here. For other uses, see Dizzy (disambiguation).

Dizziness is an imprecise term that can refer to a sense of disorientation in space, vertigo, or lightheadedness.[1] It can also refer to disequilibrium[2] or a non-specific feeling, such as giddiness or foolishness.[3]

Dizziness
Vertigo, the sensation of one's surroundings spinning around them, is a common symptom of dizziness.
SpecialtyENT surgery, Otorhinolaryngology; if the dizziness is confirmed to be a symptom of a nervous system disorder, then neurology
Symptoms Feeling of things are spinning or moving when they are not, lightheadedness, giddiness, or unsteadiness

Dizziness is a common medical complaint, affecting 20–30% of persons.[4] Dizziness is broken down into four main subtypes: vertigo (~25–50%), disequilibrium (less than ~15%), presyncope (less than ~15%), and nonspecific dizziness (~10%).[5]

  • Vertigo is the sensation of spinning or having one's surroundings spin about them. Many people find vertigo very disturbing and often report associated nausea and vomiting.[6]
  • Presyncope describes lightheadedness or feeling faint; the name relates to syncope, which is actually fainting.
  • Disequilibrium is the sensation of being off balance and is most often characterized by frequent falls in a specific direction. This condition is not often associated with nausea or vomiting.
  • Non-specific dizziness may be psychiatric in origin. It is a diagnosis of exclusion and can sometimes be brought about by hyperventilation.[3]

Mechanism and causes

Many conditions cause dizziness because multiple parts of the body are required for maintaining balance including the inner ear, eyes, muscles, skeleton, and the nervous system.[7] Thus dizziness can be caused by a variety of problems and may reflect a focal process (such as one affecting balance or coordination) or a diffuse one (such as a toxic exposure or low perfusion state).[8]

Common causes of dizziness include:

Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis

Dizziness may occur from an abnormality involving the brain (in particular the brainstem or cerebellum), inner ear, eyes, heart, vascular system, fluid or blood volume, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, or body electrolytes. Dizziness can accompany certain serious events, such as a concussion or brain bleed, epilepsy and seizures (convulsions), stroke, and cases of meningitis and encephalitis. However, the most common subcategories can be broken down as follows: 40% peripheral vestibular dysfunction, 10% central nervous system lesion, 15% psychiatric disorder, 25% presyncope/disequilibrium, and 10% nonspecific dizziness.[14] Some vestibular pathologies have symptoms that are comorbid with mental disorders.[15]

While traditional medical teaching has focused on determining the cause of dizziness based on the category (such as vertigo vs. presyncope), research published in 2017 suggests that this analysis is of limited clinical utility.[16][17]

Medical conditions that often have dizziness as a symptom include:[14][18][7][19]

Epidemiology

About 20–30% of the population report to have experienced dizziness at some point in 2008.[6]

Disequilibrium

This section is about the loss of sense of balance. For other uses, see Disequilibrium.

In medicine, disequilibrium refers to impaired equilibrioception that can be characterised as a sensation of impending fall or of the need to obtain external assistance for proper locomotion. It is sometimes described as a feeling of improper tilt of the floor, or as a sense of floating. This sensation can originate in the inner ear or other motion sensors, or in the central nervous system. Neurologic disorders tend to cause constant vertigo or disequilibrium and usually have other symptoms of neurologic dysfunction associated with the vertigo. Many medications used to treat seizures, depression, anxiety, and pain affect the vestibular system and the central nervous system which can cause the symptom of disequilibrium.[21]

See also

References

  1. ^ Dizziness at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
  2. ^ Reeves AG, Swenson RS (2008). . Disorders of the Nervous System: A Primer. Dartmouth Medical School. Archived from the original on 2011-09-02. Retrieved 2011-05-24.
  3. ^ a b Branch Jr WT, Barton JJ (February 10, 2011). "Approach to the patient with dizziness". UpToDate.
  4. ^ Karatas M (November 2008). "Central vertigo and dizziness: epidemiology, differential diagnosis, and common causes". The Neurologist. 14 (6): 355–64. doi:10.1097/NRL.0b013e31817533a3. PMID 19008741. S2CID 21444226.
  5. ^ Post RE, Dickerson LM (August 2010). "Dizziness: a diagnostic approach". American Family Physician. 82 (4): 361–8, 369. PMID 20704166.
  6. ^ a b c Neuhauser HK, Lempert T (November 2009). "Vertigo: epidemiologic aspects" (PDF). Seminars in Neurology. 29 (5): 473–81. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1241043. PMID 19834858.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g "Dizziness and Vertigo". Merck Manual. 2009.
  8. ^ a b Norris C (4 July 2020). "What Causes Dizziness? Its Symptoms, Control and Risk Factors". Healthroid.
  9. ^ a b "10 Surprising Facts About Dizziness and Vertigo". EverydayHealth.com. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  10. ^ Chu EC, Chin WL, Bhaumik A (November 2019). "Cervicogenic dizziness". Oxford Medical Case Reports. 2019 (11): 476–478. doi:10.1093/omcr/omz115. PMC 6902624. PMID 31844531.
  11. ^ Chu, ECP (2021). "Cervicogenic Dizziness Associated With Craniocervical Instability: A Case Report". Journal of Medical Cases. 12 (11): 451–454. doi:10.14740/jmc3792. PMC 8577610. PMID 34804305.
  12. ^ Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. "Drug Safety and Availability – FDA Drug Safety Communication: Low magnesium levels can be associated with long-term use of Proton Pump Inhibitor drugs (PPIs)". www.fda.gov. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  13. ^ "Common Side Effects of Coumadin (Warfarin Sodium) Drug Center – RxList". rxlist.com. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
  14. ^ a b Chan Y (June 2009). "Differential diagnosis of dizziness". Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. 17 (3): 200–3. doi:10.1097/MOO.0b013e32832b2594. PMID 19365263. S2CID 9923013.
  15. ^ Lawson BD, Rupert AH, Kelley AM (2013). "Mental Disorders Comorbid with Vestibular Pathology". Psychiatric Annals. 43 (7): 324.
  16. ^ Muncie HL, Sirmans SM, James E (February 2017). "Dizziness: Approach to Evaluation and Management". American Family Physician. 95 (3): 154–162. PMID 28145669.
  17. ^ Kerber KA, Newman-Toker DE (August 2015). "Misdiagnosing Dizzy Patients: Common Pitfalls in Clinical Practice". Neurologic Clinics. 33 (3): 565–75, viii. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2015.04.009. PMC 9023124. PMID 26231272.
  18. ^ Tusa RJ (March 2009). "Dizziness". The Medical Clinics of North America. 93 (2): 263–71, vii. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2008.09.005. PMID 19272508.
  19. ^ Bronstein AM, Lempert T (2010). "Management of the patient with chronic dizziness". Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience. 28 (1): 83–90. doi:10.3233/RNN-2010-0530. PMID 20086285.
  20. ^ O'Connor RE, Brady W, Brooks SC, Diercks D, Egan J, Ghaemmaghami C, et al. (November 2010). "Part 10: acute coronary syndromes: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care". Circulation. 122 (18 Suppl 3): S787-817. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971028. PMID 20956226.
  21. ^ Konrad HR (1990). "Chapter 123: Vertigo and Associated Symptoms". In Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JA (eds.). Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations (3rd ed.). Boston: Butterworths. ISBN 0-409-90077-X. PMID 21250072.

External links

  • Dizzytimes.com 2020-05-27 at the Wayback Machine Online Community for People with Vertigo and Dizziness
  • Dysautonomia Youth Network of America, Inc.
 
Look up dizziness in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

July 21, 2023
dizziness, film, film, dizzy, redirects, here, other, uses, dizzy, disambiguation, imprecise, term, that, refer, sense, disorientation, space, vertigo, lightheadedness, also, refer, disequilibrium, specific, feeling, such, giddiness, foolishness, vertigo, sens. For the film see Dizziness film Dizzy redirects here For other uses see Dizzy disambiguation Dizziness is an imprecise term that can refer to a sense of disorientation in space vertigo or lightheadedness 1 It can also refer to disequilibrium 2 or a non specific feeling such as giddiness or foolishness 3 DizzinessVertigo the sensation of one s surroundings spinning around them is a common symptom of dizziness SpecialtyENT surgery Otorhinolaryngology if the dizziness is confirmed to be a symptom of a nervous system disorder then neurologySymptomsFeeling of things are spinning or moving when they are not lightheadedness giddiness or unsteadinessDizziness is a common medical complaint affecting 20 30 of persons 4 Dizziness is broken down into four main subtypes vertigo 25 50 disequilibrium less than 15 presyncope less than 15 and nonspecific dizziness 10 5 Vertigo is the sensation of spinning or having one s surroundings spin about them Many people find vertigo very disturbing and often report associated nausea and vomiting 6 Presyncope describes lightheadedness or feeling faint the name relates to syncope which is actually fainting Disequilibrium is the sensation of being off balance and is most often characterized by frequent falls in a specific direction This condition is not often associated with nausea or vomiting Non specific dizziness may be psychiatric in origin It is a diagnosis of exclusion and can sometimes be brought about by hyperventilation 3 Contents 1 Mechanism and causes 2 Diagnosis 2 1 Differential diagnosis 3 Epidemiology 4 Disequilibrium 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksMechanism and causes EditMany conditions cause dizziness because multiple parts of the body are required for maintaining balance including the inner ear eyes muscles skeleton and the nervous system 7 Thus dizziness can be caused by a variety of problems and may reflect a focal process such as one affecting balance or coordination or a diffuse one such as a toxic exposure or low perfusion state 8 Common causes of dizziness include Inadequate blood supply to the brain due to A sudden fall in blood pressure 7 Heart problems or artery blockages 7 9 Anaemias such as vitamin B12 deficiency anemia iron deficiency anemia 9 Loss or distortion of vision or visual cues 7 Standing too quickly prolonged standing 8 Disorders of the inner ear 7 Dehydration Distortion of brain nervous function by medications such as anticonvulsants and sedatives 7 Dysfunction of cervical proprioception 10 11 Side effects from other prescription drugs such as proton pump inhibitors 12 or Coumadin warfarin 13 Diagnosis EditDifferential diagnosis Edit Dizziness may occur from an abnormality involving the brain in particular the brainstem or cerebellum inner ear eyes heart vascular system fluid or blood volume spinal cord peripheral nerves or body electrolytes Dizziness can accompany certain serious events such as a concussion or brain bleed epilepsy and seizures convulsions stroke and cases of meningitis and encephalitis However the most common subcategories can be broken down as follows 40 peripheral vestibular dysfunction 10 central nervous system lesion 15 psychiatric disorder 25 presyncope disequilibrium and 10 nonspecific dizziness 14 Some vestibular pathologies have symptoms that are comorbid with mental disorders 15 While traditional medical teaching has focused on determining the cause of dizziness based on the category such as vertigo vs presyncope research published in 2017 suggests that this analysis is of limited clinical utility 16 17 Medical conditions that often have dizziness as a symptom include 14 18 7 19 Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo Meniere s disease Labyrinthitis Otitis media Brain tumor Acoustic neuroma Motion sickness Ramsay Hunt syndrome Fatal Familial Insomnia Migraine Multiple sclerosis Pregnancy Low blood pressure hypotension Low blood oxygen content hypoxemia Heart attack 20 Iron deficiency anemia Vitamin B12 deficiency Low blood sugar hypoglycemia Hormonal changes e g thyroid disease menstruation pregnancy Panic disorder Hyperventilation Anxiety Depression Age diminished visual balance and perception of spatial orientation abilities Stroke cause of isolated dizziness in 0 7 of people who present to the emergency department 6 Epidemiology EditAbout 20 30 of the population report to have experienced dizziness at some point in 2008 6 Disequilibrium EditThis section is about the loss of sense of balance For other uses see Disequilibrium In medicine disequilibrium refers to impaired equilibrioception that can be characterised as a sensation of impending fall or of the need to obtain external assistance for proper locomotion It is sometimes described as a feeling of improper tilt of the floor or as a sense of floating This sensation can originate in the inner ear or other motion sensors or in the central nervous system Neurologic disorders tend to cause constant vertigo or disequilibrium and usually have other symptoms of neurologic dysfunction associated with the vertigo Many medications used to treat seizures depression anxiety and pain affect the vestibular system and the central nervous system which can cause the symptom of disequilibrium 21 See also EditBalance disorder Broken escalator phenomenon Chronic subjective dizziness Coriolis effect perception Equilibrioception Ideomotor phenomenon Illusions of self motion Motion sickness Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome Proprioception Seasickness Spatial disorientation The spins a state of dizziness and disorientation due to intoxication VertigoReferences Edit Dizziness at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH Reeves AG Swenson RS 2008 Chapter 14 Evaluation of the Dizzy Patient Disorders of the Nervous System A Primer Dartmouth Medical School Archived from the original on 2011 09 02 Retrieved 2011 05 24 a b Branch Jr WT Barton JJ February 10 2011 Approach to the patient with dizziness UpToDate Karatas M November 2008 Central vertigo and dizziness epidemiology differential diagnosis and common causes The Neurologist 14 6 355 64 doi 10 1097 NRL 0b013e31817533a3 PMID 19008741 S2CID 21444226 Post RE Dickerson LM August 2010 Dizziness a diagnostic approach American Family Physician 82 4 361 8 369 PMID 20704166 a b c Neuhauser HK Lempert T November 2009 Vertigo epidemiologic aspects PDF Seminars in Neurology 29 5 473 81 doi 10 1055 s 0029 1241043 PMID 19834858 a b c d e f g Dizziness and Vertigo Merck Manual 2009 a b Norris C 4 July 2020 What Causes Dizziness Its Symptoms Control and Risk Factors Healthroid a b 10 Surprising Facts About Dizziness and Vertigo EverydayHealth com Retrieved 2021 11 14 Chu EC Chin WL Bhaumik A November 2019 Cervicogenic dizziness Oxford Medical Case Reports 2019 11 476 478 doi 10 1093 omcr omz115 PMC 6902624 PMID 31844531 Chu ECP 2021 Cervicogenic Dizziness Associated With Craniocervical Instability A Case Report Journal of Medical Cases 12 11 451 454 doi 10 14740 jmc3792 PMC 8577610 PMID 34804305 Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Drug Safety and Availability FDA Drug Safety Communication Low magnesium levels can be associated with long term use of Proton Pump Inhibitor drugs PPIs www fda gov Retrieved 17 April 2018 Common Side Effects of Coumadin Warfarin Sodium Drug Center RxList rxlist com Retrieved 17 April 2018 a b Chan Y June 2009 Differential diagnosis of dizziness Current Opinion in Otolaryngology amp Head and Neck Surgery 17 3 200 3 doi 10 1097 MOO 0b013e32832b2594 PMID 19365263 S2CID 9923013 Lawson BD Rupert AH Kelley AM 2013 Mental Disorders Comorbid with Vestibular Pathology Psychiatric Annals 43 7 324 Muncie HL Sirmans SM James E February 2017 Dizziness Approach to Evaluation and Management American Family Physician 95 3 154 162 PMID 28145669 Kerber KA Newman Toker DE August 2015 Misdiagnosing Dizzy Patients Common Pitfalls in Clinical Practice Neurologic Clinics 33 3 565 75 viii doi 10 1016 j ncl 2015 04 009 PMC 9023124 PMID 26231272 Tusa RJ March 2009 Dizziness The Medical Clinics of North America 93 2 263 71 vii doi 10 1016 j mcna 2008 09 005 PMID 19272508 Bronstein AM Lempert T 2010 Management of the patient with chronic dizziness Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 28 1 83 90 doi 10 3233 RNN 2010 0530 PMID 20086285 O Connor RE Brady W Brooks SC Diercks D Egan J Ghaemmaghami C et al November 2010 Part 10 acute coronary syndromes 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Circulation 122 18 Suppl 3 S787 817 doi 10 1161 CIRCULATIONAHA 110 971028 PMID 20956226 Konrad HR 1990 Chapter 123 Vertigo and Associated Symptoms In Walker HK Hall WD Hurst JA eds Clinical Methods The History Physical and Laboratory Examinations 3rd ed Boston Butterworths ISBN 0 409 90077 X PMID 21250072 External links EditDizzytimes com Archived 2020 05 27 at the Wayback Machine Online Community for People with Vertigo and Dizziness Dysautonomia Youth Network of America Inc Look up dizziness in Wiktionary the free dictionary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Dizziness amp oldid 1159373829, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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