On June 1, an area of low pressure developed over the Laccadive Islands. Two days later, the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system as it became better organized. Early on June 4, the JTWC issued its first advisory on Tropical Cyclone 03A.[1] Around the same time, the IMD began monitoring the system as Depression ARB 02. Shortly after, the depression was upgraded to a deep depression and further strengthened into a cyclonic storm the following day.[2] The small storm moved slowly towards the west and weakened as wind shear began to increase. The storm weakened below tropical storm intensity later that day and the initial final advisory was issued. However, the system redeveloped and advisories resumed the next day. The storm gradually intensified as it moved towards the northwest.[3]
Dvorak satellite intensity estimates on June 6 reached T4.0, corresponding to an intensity of 120 km/h (75 mph).[3] The IMD also marked the increase in intensity, upgrading ARB 02 to a severe cyclonic storm.[2] Around this time, the storm began to turn towards the north and accelerate due to an approaching mid-level trough. As the storm neared the Indian coastline, an eye developed and the storm strengthened into the equivalent of a major hurricane with winds reaching 185 km/h (115 mph).[1] The IMD assessed the storm to be a very severe cyclonic storm at this time, with winds up to 165 km/h (105 mph) and a barometric pressure of 958 mbar (hPa).[2] After slightly weakening early on June 9,[3] 03A re-strengthened, attaining its peak intensity with winds of 195 km/h (120 mph).[1] Then it made landfall near Porbandar in the Indian state of Gujarat[3] between 01:00 and 02:00 UTC.[2] The storm weakened following landfall and the JTWC issued their final advisory later that day.[1] The IMD continued to monitor ARB 02 until June 10, by which time it had weakened to a depression before dissipating.[2]
Impact and aftermath
Microwave image of the cyclonic storm
Tropical Cyclone 03A brought a large storm surge of 4.9 m (16 ft) which devastated coastal communities and salt mines.[3] An estimated 4,000 to 10,000 people were killed by the storm,[4][5] many of whom were salt mine workers who did not own a radio and received little or no warning of the cyclone. The large loss of life was partially attributed to contractors who wanted to continue making profits and did not inform their workers of the approaching storm.[3] According to the official figures, 1173 people died and 1774 people went missing.[5] Also, the region had witnessed only 17 cyclones since 1890, all of which were weaker than 03A. As a result, its vulnerability was miscalculated by the local population and the disaster management administration.[6] Power supply to numerous residences was lost due to the storms high winds.[7] A microwave tower in Porbandar collapsed, causing widespread disruption in telecommunication.[8] Hundreds of other power transmission towers also fell, causing an estimated loss of Rs 10 billion for the Gujarat Electricity Board.[9] At least 893 people were injured by the storm and over 11,000 animals were killed. Over 162,000 structures were damaged or destroyed throughout the affected area and damages amounted to Rs. 120 billion (US$3 billion).[10] In Kandla, the damages were estimated around ₹1,855.33 crore (equivalent to ₹71 billion or US$890 million in 2020).[5]
Over the next one month, insurance companies had lost approximately Rs. 13 billion (US$266.5 million).[9] The remnants of the storm produced heavy rains over Pakistan which electrocuted 12 people.[3] In the wake of the storm, the United States Government provided US$25,000 for rehabilitation of the affected population.[10] The Government of Denmark also contributed $72,992 in funds for relief efforts.[11] The Gujarat government deployed approximately 330 medical teams to the affected areas. Local aid, amounting to Rs 1 billion (US$20.5 million) was provided to assist victims.[12]
^ abcdJoint Typhoon Warning Center (1999). (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2011. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
^ abcde. India Meteorological Department. 2009. Archived from the original on September 27, 2013. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
^ abcdefgGary Padgett (July 14, 1998). "Monthly Tropical Cyclone Summary for June 1998". Typhoon 2000. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
^Staff Writer (December 29, 1998). . Munich Re. Archived from the original on February 10, 2008. Retrieved December 8, 2015.
^ abcRawat, Mukesh (2019-06-13). "Cyclone Vayu spares Gujarat: 21 yrs ago, a cyclone rained death, killed thousands in state". India Today. Retrieved 2019-06-14.
^Zschau, Jochen; Andreas N. Küppers (2003). Early warning systems for natural disaster reduction. Springer. p. 200. ISBN978-3-540-67962-2.
^Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (June 10, 1998). . United Nations. Archived from the original on March 16, 2005. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
^Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (June 11, 1998). . United Nations. Archived from the original on March 16, 2005. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
^ ab"Insurance companies lose Rs 1,300 crore in Gujarat cyclone". Indian Express. July 3, 1998. Archived from the original on May 28, 2009. Retrieved May 22, 2009.
^ abOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (June 19, 1998). . United Nations. Archived from the original on March 16, 2005. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
^Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (March 3, 1999). . ReliefWeb. Archived from the original on July 16, 2006. Retrieved May 8, 2009.
^Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (June 19, 1998). . United Nations. Archived from the original on March 16, 2005. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
External links
India Meteorological Department
January 27, 2023
1998, gujarat, cyclone, joint, typhoon, warning, center, designation, india, meteorological, department, designation, catastrophic, tropical, cyclone, that, killed, least, people, india, especially, state, gujarat, extremely, severe, cyclonic, storm, 02extreme. The 1998 Gujarat cyclone Joint Typhoon Warning Center designation 03A India Meteorological Department designation ARB 02 was a catastrophic tropical cyclone that killed at least 10 000 people in India especially the state of Gujarat Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm ARB 02Extremely severe cyclonic storm IMD scale Category 3 tropical cyclone SSHWS The cyclone at peak intensity before landfall on the Sind Gujarat border on June 8 FormedJune 4 1998 1998 06 04 DissipatedJune 10 1998 1998 06 11 Highest winds3 minute sustained 165 km h 105 mph 1 minute sustained 195 km h 120 mph Lowest pressure958 hPa mbar 28 29 inHgFatalitiesAt least 4 000 to 10 000 estimate 1173 died and 1774 missing official figures Damage 3 billion 1998 USD Areas affectedIndia and PakistanPart of the 1998 North Indian Ocean cyclone season Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Impact and aftermath 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksMeteorological history Edit Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type Tropical cyclone Subtropical cyclone Extratropical cyclone Remnant low Tropical disturbance Monsoon depression On June 1 an area of low pressure developed over the Laccadive Islands Two days later the JTWC issued a TCFA for the system as it became better organized Early on June 4 the JTWC issued its first advisory on Tropical Cyclone 03A 1 Around the same time the IMD began monitoring the system as Depression ARB 02 Shortly after the depression was upgraded to a deep depression and further strengthened into a cyclonic storm the following day 2 The small storm moved slowly towards the west and weakened as wind shear began to increase The storm weakened below tropical storm intensity later that day and the initial final advisory was issued However the system redeveloped and advisories resumed the next day The storm gradually intensified as it moved towards the northwest 3 Dvorak satellite intensity estimates on June 6 reached T4 0 corresponding to an intensity of 120 km h 75 mph 3 The IMD also marked the increase in intensity upgrading ARB 02 to a severe cyclonic storm 2 Around this time the storm began to turn towards the north and accelerate due to an approaching mid level trough As the storm neared the Indian coastline an eye developed and the storm strengthened into the equivalent of a major hurricane with winds reaching 185 km h 115 mph 1 The IMD assessed the storm to be a very severe cyclonic storm at this time with winds up to 165 km h 105 mph and a barometric pressure of 958 mbar hPa 2 After slightly weakening early on June 9 3 03A re strengthened attaining its peak intensity with winds of 195 km h 120 mph 1 Then it made landfall near Porbandar in the Indian state of Gujarat 3 between 01 00 and 02 00 UTC 2 The storm weakened following landfall and the JTWC issued their final advisory later that day 1 The IMD continued to monitor ARB 02 until June 10 by which time it had weakened to a depression before dissipating 2 Impact and aftermath Edit Microwave image of the cyclonic storm Tropical Cyclone 03A brought a large storm surge of 4 9 m 16 ft which devastated coastal communities and salt mines 3 An estimated 4 000 to 10 000 people were killed by the storm 4 5 many of whom were salt mine workers who did not own a radio and received little or no warning of the cyclone The large loss of life was partially attributed to contractors who wanted to continue making profits and did not inform their workers of the approaching storm 3 According to the official figures 1173 people died and 1774 people went missing 5 Also the region had witnessed only 17 cyclones since 1890 all of which were weaker than 03A As a result its vulnerability was miscalculated by the local population and the disaster management administration 6 Power supply to numerous residences was lost due to the storms high winds 7 A microwave tower in Porbandar collapsed causing widespread disruption in telecommunication 8 Hundreds of other power transmission towers also fell causing an estimated loss of Rs 10 billion for the Gujarat Electricity Board 9 At least 893 people were injured by the storm and over 11 000 animals were killed Over 162 000 structures were damaged or destroyed throughout the affected area and damages amounted to Rs 120 billion US 3 billion 10 In Kandla the damages were estimated around 1 855 33 crore equivalent to 71 billion or US 890 million in 2020 5 Over the next one month insurance companies had lost approximately Rs 13 billion US 266 5 million 9 The remnants of the storm produced heavy rains over Pakistan which electrocuted 12 people 3 In the wake of the storm the United States Government provided US 25 000 for rehabilitation of the affected population 10 The Government of Denmark also contributed 72 992 in funds for relief efforts 11 The Gujarat government deployed approximately 330 medical teams to the affected areas Local aid amounting to Rs 1 billion US 20 5 million was provided to assist victims 12 See also Edit Tropical cyclones portal1998 North Indian Ocean cyclone season 1999 Pakistan cyclone Cyclone Nilofar Cyclone Vayu Cyclone TauktaeReferences Edit a b c d Joint Typhoon Warning Center 1999 Tropical Cyclone 03A Preliminary Report PDF World Meteorological Organization Archived from the original PDF on June 7 2011 Retrieved February 9 2009 a b c d e IMD Best Tracks Data 1990 2008 India Meteorological Department 2009 Archived from the original on September 27 2013 Retrieved July 16 2009 a b c d e f g Gary Padgett July 14 1998 Monthly Tropical Cyclone Summary for June 1998 Typhoon 2000 Retrieved February 9 2009 Staff Writer December 29 1998 1998 Natural Catastrophes Top 10 Munich Re Archived from the original on February 10 2008 Retrieved December 8 2015 a b c Rawat Mukesh 2019 06 13 Cyclone Vayu spares Gujarat 21 yrs ago a cyclone rained death killed thousands in state India Today Retrieved 2019 06 14 Zschau Jochen Andreas N Kuppers 2003 Early warning systems for natural disaster reduction Springer p 200 ISBN 978 3 540 67962 2 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs June 10 1998 India Cyclone Situation Report No 1 United Nations Archived from the original on March 16 2005 Retrieved February 9 2009 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs June 11 1998 India Cyclone Situation Report No 2 United Nations Archived from the original on March 16 2005 Retrieved February 9 2009 a b Insurance companies lose Rs 1 300 crore in Gujarat cyclone Indian Express July 3 1998 Archived from the original on May 28 2009 Retrieved May 22 2009 a b Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs June 19 1998 India Cyclone Situation Report No 4 United Nations Archived from the original on March 16 2005 Retrieved February 9 2009 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs March 3 1999 India Cyclone June 1998 Contributions Report ReliefWeb Archived from the original on July 16 2006 Retrieved May 8 2009 Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs June 19 1998 India Cyclone Situation Report No 4 United Nations Archived from the original on March 16 2005 Retrieved February 9 2009 External links EditIndia Meteorological Department Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1998 Gujarat cyclone amp oldid 1110652778, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
