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Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan

November 26, 2023

The Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan (originally the Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza Manhattan) is a hotel at 1601 Broadway, between 48th and 49th Streets, in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. The hotel is operated by third-party franchisee Highgate and is part of the Intercontinental Hotels Group's Crowne Plaza chain. It has 795 guestrooms.

Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan
General information
Location1601 Broadway, Manhattan, New York City
Coordinates40°45′39″N 73°59′06″W / 40.7607°N 73.9850°W / 40.7607; -73.9850
OpeningDecember 1, 1989
OwnerVornado Realty Trust
ManagementIntercontinental Hotel Group
Height480 feet (150 m)
Technical details
Floor count46
Design and construction
Architect(s)Alan Lapidus
DeveloperKG Crowne Corp
Other information
Number of rooms795
Parking159 spaces

The hotel was designed by Alan Lapidus and is 480 feet (150 m) tall with 46 floors. The facade was designed in glass and pink granite, with a 100-foot-tall (30 m) arch facing Broadway. The hotel was designed to comply with city regulations that required deep setbacks at the base, as well as large illuminated signs. In addition to the hotel rooms themselves, the Crowne Plaza Times Square contains ground-story retail space, nine stories of office space, and a 159-space parking garage. The hotel's tenants include the American Management Association, and Learning Tree International; in addition, New York Sports Club was a former tenant.

Developer William Zeckendorf Jr. bought the hotel's site in 1985 and subsequently razed the existing structures there. Construction commenced in 1988, and the hotel opened on December 1, 1989. For the first several years of the hotel's operation, its office space and exterior signage was empty. Adam Tihany redesigned the interior in 1999. The City Investment Fund, a joint venture between Morgan Stanley Real Estate and Fisher Brothers, bought the Crowne Plaza in 2006 and renovated it again two years later. Vornado Realty Trust then acquired majority ownership of the hotel in 2015. The hotel closed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City and reopened in 2022.

Site edit

The Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan occupies the eastern end of the city block bounded by Eighth Avenue to the west, 49th Street to the north, Broadway to the east, and 48th Street to the south. It is one block north of Times Square in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City.[1][2] The mostly trapezoidal land lot covers 35,275 square feet (3,277.2 m2), with a frontage of 203 feet (62 m) on Broadway and a depth of 194.48 feet (59.28 m).[2] The surrounding area is part of Manhattan's Theater District and contains many Broadway theatres.[1] Nearby buildings include the St. Malachy Roman Catholic Church to the northwest; The Theater Center, Brill Building, and Ambassador Theatre to the north; 750 Seventh Avenue to the northeast; 1585 Broadway to the south; and the Longacre Theatre, Ethel Barrymore Theatre, and Samuel J. Friedman Theatre to the southwest.[2]

Historically, the site had contained Churchill's Restaurant, which had been built in 1910 and redesigned as a theater in 1937. The theater later became an adult movie theater called the Pussycat Cinema.[3] Just prior to the hotel's construction, the site had contained six pornographic businesses owned by Michael Zaffarano,[4] including the Pussycat Cinema and the Kitty Kat and Mardi Gras Topless Disco.[5][6] The Pussycat had contained a large neon sign; David W. Dunlap of The New York Times described the sign as an "exuberant cynosure of a naughtier, gaudier, vanishing Broadway".[6] There had also been some "pinball and souvenir shops" on the site.[7] Songwriter Irving Berlin had once also occupied a building on the site,[8][9] as the offices of Irving Berlin Inc. had been at 1607 Broadway between 1921 and 1933.[9]

Architecture edit

 
Daytime view from 49th Street and Broadway

The Crowne Plaza Times Square was designed by Alan J. Lapidus,[1] son of modernist architect Morris Lapidus.[10] Operated by InterContinental Hotels Group as part of the Crowne Plaza chain, the hotel is 480 feet (150 m) with 46 floors.[11][12] In addition to the 795-key hotel, the Crowne Plaza Times Square's building contains 7,700 square feet (720 m2) of ground-story retail space, 197,000 square feet (18,300 m2) of office space, and a 159-space parking garage. The American Management Association's Executive Conference Center, is on the sixth through eighth floors with a total of 88,066 square feet (8,181.6 m2). Learning Tree International has 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) and the New York Sports Club has 28,418 square feet (2,640.1 m2).[12]

Facade edit

The facade was designed with glass and pink granite.[8][13] Most of the facade is clad in reflective glass. The southeast and northeast corners are covered with granite, concealing the elevator shafts inside.[14] The center of the Broadway facade contains a granite arch measuring 100 feet (30 m) tall.[8][14][15] According to Lapidus, he wanted the arch's design to evoke the design of Wurlitzer organs from the 1930s and 1940s.[14][16] The New York Times compared the hotel to a "giant jukebox".[16]

The hotel was designed to comply with city regulations that required deep setbacks at the base, as well as large illuminated signs.[7] Accordingly, the hotel rooms are deeply set back from Broadway, and the first seven stories were initially planned to contain curving signs.[13] Lapidus wanted to include holographic displays, laser lighting displays, and waterfalls in the Crowne Plaza's design. At the time of the hotel's construction, light meter technology was not advanced enough to determine how much light these features emitted, so Lapidus left provisions so these features could be installed later. As built, the hotel had large billboards on its first 12 stories to comply with the regulations.[8][14] At the time of the hotel's opening, these signs had an annual maintenance cost of $100,000.[16] In 1995, a sign measuring 100 by 20 feet (30.5 by 6.1 m) was installed on the southern wall.[17]

Features edit

When the hotel was being built, it was variously cited as containing 765,[18][19] 770,[20][21] 778,[22] 780,[23] or 785 rooms.[4][7][24] A 1992 news article cited the hotel as having 770 rooms and 25 suites. The top four floors were known as the Crowne Plaza Club, which charged an additional fee.[25] Following a renovation in 2008, the 46th story was turned into a "butler floor" with 16 rooms; the floor was so named because guests were given complimentary services such as laundry and private transportation. In addition, the 128 rooms on the 41st through 45th floors were collectively labeled the "concierge levels".[26]

At ground level, escalators led to a lobby and reception area on the second floor.[15][27] The lobby area connected to a lounge and three restaurants.[27][28] Holiday Inn originally reserved six floors for business patrons, who would pay an additional fee for extra services such as complimentary breakfast.[29] To attract guests, each suite was designed with technologically advanced amenities of the time, such as modem connections and phone lines, as well as bathrooms clad with marble. In addition, there was a fitness center originally covering 8,800 square feet (820 m2).[21] The fitness center included a swimming pool measuring 50 feet (15 m) long.[25][26] The fitness center was expanded to two floors in 1992.[25] Following a renovation in 2008, the New York Sports Club started to operate the fitness center.[26]

The building was designed with approximately 200,000 square feet (19,000 m2) of office space on nine of the lower stories.[27][30] The office space was placed on the 6th through 14th floors, with hotel rooms above and below.[27] When it opened, the hotel had a business center with computers, stock quote machines, fax machines, and a secretarial service.[8] The hotel also had a ballroom and over 20 conference rooms,[28] which covered 18,000 square feet (1,700 m2).[27] By 2015, the ballroom could be rented as workspace.[31]

History edit

Times Square's Theater District had evolved into a business district after World War II.[32] Nonetheless, there were relatively few large developments there in the mid-20th century. Between 1958 and 1983, only twelve buildings with at least 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) of space were developed in the 114-block area between Sixth Avenue, Times Square, Eighth Avenue, and Columbus Circle.[33] By the 1980s, there was high demand for office space in New York City.[34] During the decade, several hotels were developed around Times Square,[18][35] as well as in New York City in general, as a result of growing tourism.[36] These hotel developments were spurred by the success of the nearby New York Marriott Marquis, which had an occupancy rate of over 80 percent across nearly 2,000 rooms.[35] In addition, the city government had enacted a zoning bonus in 1982 for large new buildings in West Midtown, but the bonus was scheduled to expire in 1988.[35][37]

Construction edit

 
The main entrance arch

The block of Broadway between 48th and 49th Streets was owned by Michael Zaffarano, who for years resisted selling off his pornographic businesses, even as other landlords nearby were being cajoled to shutter their adult businesses. Zaffarano's son John inherited the sites in 1981 and was more agreeable to selling them after his father's death.[4] Developer William Zeckendorf Jr. bought the sites in 1985 and planned to replace them with a hotel.[4][38] The site had also been contemplated as a location for an office building.[39] In August 1986, Zeckendorf announced plans for the hotel, to be designed by Alan Lapidus.[40] The hotel was variously planned to be 44,[40] 45,[20] or 46 stories tall.[4][5][18] At the time, the New York City Planning Commission (CPC) was considering enacting regulations that would have forced new buildings along Times Square's northern section to include bright signage as well as deep setbacks.[41] Accordingly, Zeckendorf planned a hotel with five types of signs, including a horizontal zipper and five-story-high displays.[40] Zeckendorf demolished the pornographic businesses in October 1986[6] and developed the hotel with several partners.[18][42]

The Holiday Corporation (later Holiday Inn) agreed to operate the hotel in October 1986,[43] and the hotel became known as the Crowne Plaza Times Square.[4][7] It was to be the Holiday Corporation's first hotel in Manhattan[20] and would be the Crowne Plaza chain's flagship.[44] The hotel building was planned with 800,000 square feet (74,000 m2) of space,[45] of which about 200,000 square feet (19,000 m2) would be reserved for offices.[45][19] Zeckendorf received $227 million in financing for the hotel in August 1987,[20][44] with the Bank of Nova Scotia providing the loan.[46] The CPC approved a planning regulation that September, which required large new developments in Times Square to set aside about five percent of their space for "entertainment uses", such as broadcast studios or ground-floor stores.[47] The ordinance also required the developers of such buildings to install large signs facing Times Square.[48] The Crowne Plaza's design was directly influenced by this ordinance.[35][48]

When construction started in 1988, the Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza was one of four large new office projects being erected around Times Square,[45] as well as the largest of four hotels being erected there.[49][21] By that July, the hotel's superstructure was up to the fourth story.[18] The Crowne Plaza planned to charge a minimum of $175 per night for a single room, making it more expensive than its competitors nearby.[19][21] Nonetheless, Holiday Inn projected that the hotel would be profitable because the company already had a large number of frequent guests and business clients.[19] The Crowne Plaza was primarily targeted toward domestic business travelers, followed by international business clients and then leisure visitors.[27] As such, management planned to set aside 20 percent of its rooms for business clients, twice as much as in comparable hotels.[29] By 1989, the number of annual visitors to New York City had decreased for the first time in eight years due to the effects of Black Monday.[50][51] Nonetheless, the Crowne Plaza's manager Michael Silberstein expressed optimism that the decline was temporary.[50] Prior to the hotel's opening, Silberstein sent some of the Crowne Plaza's employees to Walt Disney World for training, saying that "Disney gives top-level service".[28]

Usage edit

Opening and early years edit

 
Seen from the ground on 48th Street

The Crowne Plaza opened on December 1, 1989,[16][52] at a cost of $300 million.[42][48][53] For the hotel's construction, Zeckendorf had received a municipal tax abatement that lowered his tax bill by several million dollars.[54] Only 200 rooms were completed at the time, but the hotel's operators wanted to uphold their promise of an "autumn 1989 launch".[52] According to Silberstein, 129 guests made reservations for New Year's Eve in the first twelve hours of its operation, even though the hotel did not conduct any advertising.[16] The Crowne Plaza was one of several new hotels in the Times Square area with a combined 4,200 rooms,[53] even as visitation rates in the city remained sluggish.[52][55] While the hotel was operated by Holiday Inn (then by Bass plc after early 1990), the building itself was owned by several partners.[16][a] A restaurant named Samplings Bar had opened within the Crowne Plaza by April 1990,[56] followed the next month by the Broadway Grill.[57][58] The Crowne Plaza was largely staffed by union workers, with the Broadway Grill being the only exception.[59]

Several months after the hotel opened, Zeckendorf had not leased the office space at the hotel's base.[60] Furthermore, there were no tenants for the signage, so parts of the exterior were covered up.[61] The amenity space was expanded by one story in 1992.[25][62] The same year, the Crowne Plaza was selected to host delegates for the 1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries from Arkansas, the home state of Bill Clinton, who eventually won the 1992 United States presidential election. The "relatively unknown" Crowne Plaza become more popular as a result.[63] The Crowne Plaza added a large sign on the southern wall in 1995, and the words "Holiday Inn" were removed from the signs on the hotel's exterior. The hotel's office space had also remained empty until the same year, when the American Management Association indicated its intent to sign a 150,000-square-foot (14,000 m2) lease there. The AMA was supposed to have been the original tenant of the space when the hotel was being developed.[17] Among the advertisers on the Crowne Plaza's facade was the Poland Spring Corporation, which in 1998 signed a three-year lease for a curved billboard at 48th Street and Broadway.[64]

The hotel also hosted events such as spirits expositions[65] and media conventions.[66] In addition, the Crowne Plaza was one of New York City's few hotels that accommodated sequestered jurors, as New York state law required jurors to remain sequestered during some types of criminal trials.[67] The hotel's operators hired Adam Tihany to redesign the interior in 1999.[68][69] The modifications included a renovation of the bar, which cost $2 million. The Crowne Plaza's manager, Drew Schlesinger, said the hotel's operators allowed management to refurbish the hotel "in tune with the whole gentrification of Times Square".[69]

Early 21st century edit

The hotel saw decreases in visitation following the September 11 attacks in 2001.[70][71] Around the same time, the area evolved into a business district and there was growing demand for meeting space, as well as numerous new restaurants. Consequently, the Crowne Plaza closed two of its restaurants and replaced them with a ballroom.[72] The Hershey Company announced plans to open a ground-level store and add a 15-story billboard in 2002.[73] The City Investment Fund, a joint venture between Morgan Stanley Real Estate and Fisher Brothers, acquired the Crowne Plaza in 2006 for $362 million.[74][75] By then, rising room rates had led to decreases in visitation.[76] Two years later, the hotel conducted an $85 million renovation on its lobby, restaurants, guest rooms, and meeting space.[26] The renovation was conducted in stages, with the hotel remaining open throughout.[77] The renovation was finished in 2009,[77][78] and the Brasserie 1605 restaurant opened that April.[79] After the renovation was completed, the Crowne Plaza saw a lower occupancy rate than other hotels, in part because of decreased tourism.[77]

 
Krispy Kreme location

Vornado Realty Trust acquired the $34 million junior mortgage in May 2011 and paid down some of the debt that December.[80] Vornado announced the next year that it would recapitalize the hotel and take over ownership of the 180,000 square feet (17,000 m2) of commercial space.[80][81] Vornado bought City Investment Fund's ownership stake for $39 million in 2015, increasing Vornado's ownership stake from 11 to 33 percent. Vornado then acquired majority ownership by buying another 24-percent ownership stake for $95 million.[82] Vornado sued Holiday Hospitality in July 2016 for $30 million, alleging that Holiday had run the hotel poorly.[83][84] In April 2018, Vornado refinanced the hotel with a $250 million loan from Deutsche Bank and Morgan Stanley.[12] The next year, Krispy Kreme Doughnuts began building a store in the retail space,[85][86] which opened in September 2020.[87][88] The Harrison, a restaurant by the BenMoha Group, was also announced for the hotel in 2019.[89]

The Crowne Plaza shuttered in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, and Vornado stopped paying rent on the ground lease.[90][91] By that June, Vornado had gone into default on $330 million of debt.[91] The senior debt was placed for sale,[92] and Argent Ventures bought the $195 million senior mortgage that December for $90 million.[93][94] The Crowne Plaza remained closed because it was in foreclosure.[95] In September 2021, SL Green Realty bought a portion of the hotel site for $121 million from the Walber Broadway Company, which had owned that portion of the site since 1987.[96] Vornado, which wanted to sell its stake to Penson, claimed that the purchase violated its right of first refusal and sued SL Green.[91] A New York state judge ruled in April 2022 that SL Green had to sell its stake to Penson.[97]

The hotel reopened in November 2022,[98] and its owners filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection the next month.[98][99] In February 2023, a bankruptcy judge allowed the hotel's legal owner, Times Square JV LLC (controlled by Vornado), to have its creditors vote on whether the hotel should be sold or restructured.[100]

Reception edit

When the hotel was completed, Anne Kates of USA Today wrote that the "sense of adventure" in Lapidus's design had received mixed reception.[15] Jerry Adler of Newsweek wrote in 1989 that the hotel "may be the most gorgeous building in all Manhattan".[15][101] Inside the hotel, New York Times critic Terry Trucco wrote that the interior was "pleasingly anonymous, done in the pale colors and bland furnishings seen in big American hotels from coast to coast", though she found her 44th-story hotel room to be cramped.[102]

Paul Goldberger of The New York Times felt that the signs were more prominent than the building, saying that "it looks vastly better at night, when it is ablaze with neon, than it does during the day, when it seems only like a failed effort at elegance".[61] Goldberger further elaborated his dissent in a 1992 article, saying the facade "has ugly, unfinished brick waiting for a sign that may not come for years, a glaring offense at the pedestrian."[103] Eve M. Kahn of The Wall Street Journal described the Crowne Plaza as a "glitzy pink-granite-and-burgundy-glass jukebox" that sharply contrasted with the "restrained" design of 1585 Broadway.[104] Architect Robert A. M. Stern said that he would "prefer to say nothing" of the hotel, the only Lapidus design that Stern had experienced firsthand.[105]

See also edit

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ In a 1989 filing with the New York State Liquor Authority, the listed owners included Zeckendorf, Jason D. Carter, Arthur G. Cohen, Elie Hirschfeld, Frank Stanton, and Zev Wolfson, as well as KG Crowne and KG Crowne Associates.[16]

Citations edit

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Sources edit

  • Stern, Robert A. M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2006). New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium. New York: Monacelli Press. ISBN 978-1-58093-177-9. OCLC 70267065. OL 22741487M.

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crowne Plaza Times Square.
  • Official website

November 26, 2023
crowne, plaza, times, square, manhattan, originally, holiday, crowne, plaza, manhattan, hotel, 1601, broadway, between, 48th, 49th, streets, theater, district, midtown, manhattan, york, city, hotel, operated, third, party, franchisee, highgate, part, intercont. The Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan originally the Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza Manhattan is a hotel at 1601 Broadway between 48th and 49th Streets in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City The hotel is operated by third party franchisee Highgate and is part of the Intercontinental Hotels Group s Crowne Plaza chain It has 795 guestrooms Crowne Plaza Times Square ManhattanGeneral informationLocation1601 Broadway Manhattan New York CityCoordinates40 45 39 N 73 59 06 W 40 7607 N 73 9850 W 40 7607 73 9850OpeningDecember 1 1989OwnerVornado Realty TrustManagementIntercontinental Hotel GroupHeight480 feet 150 m Technical detailsFloor count46Design and constructionArchitect s Alan LapidusDeveloperKG Crowne CorpOther informationNumber of rooms795Parking159 spacesThe hotel was designed by Alan Lapidus and is 480 feet 150 m tall with 46 floors The facade was designed in glass and pink granite with a 100 foot tall 30 m arch facing Broadway The hotel was designed to comply with city regulations that required deep setbacks at the base as well as large illuminated signs In addition to the hotel rooms themselves the Crowne Plaza Times Square contains ground story retail space nine stories of office space and a 159 space parking garage The hotel s tenants include the American Management Association and Learning Tree International in addition New York Sports Club was a former tenant Developer William Zeckendorf Jr bought the hotel s site in 1985 and subsequently razed the existing structures there Construction commenced in 1988 and the hotel opened on December 1 1989 For the first several years of the hotel s operation its office space and exterior signage was empty Adam Tihany redesigned the interior in 1999 The City Investment Fund a joint venture between Morgan Stanley Real Estate and Fisher Brothers bought the Crowne Plaza in 2006 and renovated it again two years later Vornado Realty Trust then acquired majority ownership of the hotel in 2015 The hotel closed in 2020 due to the COVID 19 pandemic in New York City and reopened in 2022 Contents 1 Site 2 Architecture 2 1 Facade 2 2 Features 3 History 3 1 Construction 3 2 Usage 3 2 1 Opening and early years 3 2 2 Early 21st century 4 Reception 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Notes 6 2 Citations 6 3 Sources 7 External linksSite editThe Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan occupies the eastern end of the city block bounded by Eighth Avenue to the west 49th Street to the north Broadway to the east and 48th Street to the south It is one block north of Times Square in the Theater District of Midtown Manhattan in New York City 1 2 The mostly trapezoidal land lot covers 35 275 square feet 3 277 2 m2 with a frontage of 203 feet 62 m on Broadway and a depth of 194 48 feet 59 28 m 2 The surrounding area is part of Manhattan s Theater District and contains many Broadway theatres 1 Nearby buildings include the St Malachy Roman Catholic Church to the northwest The Theater Center Brill Building and Ambassador Theatre to the north 750 Seventh Avenue to the northeast 1585 Broadway to the south and the Longacre Theatre Ethel Barrymore Theatre and Samuel J Friedman Theatre to the southwest 2 Historically the site had contained Churchill s Restaurant which had been built in 1910 and redesigned as a theater in 1937 The theater later became an adult movie theater called the Pussycat Cinema 3 Just prior to the hotel s construction the site had contained six pornographic businesses owned by Michael Zaffarano 4 including the Pussycat Cinema and the Kitty Kat and Mardi Gras Topless Disco 5 6 The Pussycat had contained a large neon sign David W Dunlap of The New York Times described the sign as an exuberant cynosure of a naughtier gaudier vanishing Broadway 6 There had also been some pinball and souvenir shops on the site 7 Songwriter Irving Berlin had once also occupied a building on the site 8 9 as the offices of Irving Berlin Inc had been at 1607 Broadway between 1921 and 1933 9 Architecture edit nbsp Daytime view from 49th Street and BroadwayThe Crowne Plaza Times Square was designed by Alan J Lapidus 1 son of modernist architect Morris Lapidus 10 Operated by InterContinental Hotels Group as part of the Crowne Plaza chain the hotel is 480 feet 150 m with 46 floors 11 12 In addition to the 795 key hotel the Crowne Plaza Times Square s building contains 7 700 square feet 720 m2 of ground story retail space 197 000 square feet 18 300 m2 of office space and a 159 space parking garage The American Management Association s Executive Conference Center is on the sixth through eighth floors with a total of 88 066 square feet 8 181 6 m2 Learning Tree International has 25 000 square feet 2 300 m2 and the New York Sports Club has 28 418 square feet 2 640 1 m2 12 Facade edit The facade was designed with glass and pink granite 8 13 Most of the facade is clad in reflective glass The southeast and northeast corners are covered with granite concealing the elevator shafts inside 14 The center of the Broadway facade contains a granite arch measuring 100 feet 30 m tall 8 14 15 According to Lapidus he wanted the arch s design to evoke the design of Wurlitzer organs from the 1930s and 1940s 14 16 The New York Times compared the hotel to a giant jukebox 16 The hotel was designed to comply with city regulations that required deep setbacks at the base as well as large illuminated signs 7 Accordingly the hotel rooms are deeply set back from Broadway and the first seven stories were initially planned to contain curving signs 13 Lapidus wanted to include holographic displays laser lighting displays and waterfalls in the Crowne Plaza s design At the time of the hotel s construction light meter technology was not advanced enough to determine how much light these features emitted so Lapidus left provisions so these features could be installed later As built the hotel had large billboards on its first 12 stories to comply with the regulations 8 14 At the time of the hotel s opening these signs had an annual maintenance cost of 100 000 16 In 1995 a sign measuring 100 by 20 feet 30 5 by 6 1 m was installed on the southern wall 17 Features edit When the hotel was being built it was variously cited as containing 765 18 19 770 20 21 778 22 780 23 or 785 rooms 4 7 24 A 1992 news article cited the hotel as having 770 rooms and 25 suites The top four floors were known as the Crowne Plaza Club which charged an additional fee 25 Following a renovation in 2008 the 46th story was turned into a butler floor with 16 rooms the floor was so named because guests were given complimentary services such as laundry and private transportation In addition the 128 rooms on the 41st through 45th floors were collectively labeled the concierge levels 26 At ground level escalators led to a lobby and reception area on the second floor 15 27 The lobby area connected to a lounge and three restaurants 27 28 Holiday Inn originally reserved six floors for business patrons who would pay an additional fee for extra services such as complimentary breakfast 29 To attract guests each suite was designed with technologically advanced amenities of the time such as modem connections and phone lines as well as bathrooms clad with marble In addition there was a fitness center originally covering 8 800 square feet 820 m2 21 The fitness center included a swimming pool measuring 50 feet 15 m long 25 26 The fitness center was expanded to two floors in 1992 25 Following a renovation in 2008 the New York Sports Club started to operate the fitness center 26 The building was designed with approximately 200 000 square feet 19 000 m2 of office space on nine of the lower stories 27 30 The office space was placed on the 6th through 14th floors with hotel rooms above and below 27 When it opened the hotel had a business center with computers stock quote machines fax machines and a secretarial service 8 The hotel also had a ballroom and over 20 conference rooms 28 which covered 18 000 square feet 1 700 m2 27 By 2015 the ballroom could be rented as workspace 31 History editTimes Square s Theater District had evolved into a business district after World War II 32 Nonetheless there were relatively few large developments there in the mid 20th century Between 1958 and 1983 only twelve buildings with at least 100 000 square feet 9 300 m2 of space were developed in the 114 block area between Sixth Avenue Times Square Eighth Avenue and Columbus Circle 33 By the 1980s there was high demand for office space in New York City 34 During the decade several hotels were developed around Times Square 18 35 as well as in New York City in general as a result of growing tourism 36 These hotel developments were spurred by the success of the nearby New York Marriott Marquis which had an occupancy rate of over 80 percent across nearly 2 000 rooms 35 In addition the city government had enacted a zoning bonus in 1982 for large new buildings in West Midtown but the bonus was scheduled to expire in 1988 35 37 Construction edit nbsp The main entrance archThe block of Broadway between 48th and 49th Streets was owned by Michael Zaffarano who for years resisted selling off his pornographic businesses even as other landlords nearby were being cajoled to shutter their adult businesses Zaffarano s son John inherited the sites in 1981 and was more agreeable to selling them after his father s death 4 Developer William Zeckendorf Jr bought the sites in 1985 and planned to replace them with a hotel 4 38 The site had also been contemplated as a location for an office building 39 In August 1986 Zeckendorf announced plans for the hotel to be designed by Alan Lapidus 40 The hotel was variously planned to be 44 40 45 20 or 46 stories tall 4 5 18 At the time the New York City Planning Commission CPC was considering enacting regulations that would have forced new buildings along Times Square s northern section to include bright signage as well as deep setbacks 41 Accordingly Zeckendorf planned a hotel with five types of signs including a horizontal zipper and five story high displays 40 Zeckendorf demolished the pornographic businesses in October 1986 6 and developed the hotel with several partners 18 42 The Holiday Corporation later Holiday Inn agreed to operate the hotel in October 1986 43 and the hotel became known as the Crowne Plaza Times Square 4 7 It was to be the Holiday Corporation s first hotel in Manhattan 20 and would be the Crowne Plaza chain s flagship 44 The hotel building was planned with 800 000 square feet 74 000 m2 of space 45 of which about 200 000 square feet 19 000 m2 would be reserved for offices 45 19 Zeckendorf received 227 million in financing for the hotel in August 1987 20 44 with the Bank of Nova Scotia providing the loan 46 The CPC approved a planning regulation that September which required large new developments in Times Square to set aside about five percent of their space for entertainment uses such as broadcast studios or ground floor stores 47 The ordinance also required the developers of such buildings to install large signs facing Times Square 48 The Crowne Plaza s design was directly influenced by this ordinance 35 48 When construction started in 1988 the Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza was one of four large new office projects being erected around Times Square 45 as well as the largest of four hotels being erected there 49 21 By that July the hotel s superstructure was up to the fourth story 18 The Crowne Plaza planned to charge a minimum of 175 per night for a single room making it more expensive than its competitors nearby 19 21 Nonetheless Holiday Inn projected that the hotel would be profitable because the company already had a large number of frequent guests and business clients 19 The Crowne Plaza was primarily targeted toward domestic business travelers followed by international business clients and then leisure visitors 27 As such management planned to set aside 20 percent of its rooms for business clients twice as much as in comparable hotels 29 By 1989 the number of annual visitors to New York City had decreased for the first time in eight years due to the effects of Black Monday 50 51 Nonetheless the Crowne Plaza s manager Michael Silberstein expressed optimism that the decline was temporary 50 Prior to the hotel s opening Silberstein sent some of the Crowne Plaza s employees to Walt Disney World for training saying that Disney gives top level service 28 Usage edit Opening and early years edit nbsp Seen from the ground on 48th StreetThe Crowne Plaza opened on December 1 1989 16 52 at a cost of 300 million 42 48 53 For the hotel s construction Zeckendorf had received a municipal tax abatement that lowered his tax bill by several million dollars 54 Only 200 rooms were completed at the time but the hotel s operators wanted to uphold their promise of an autumn 1989 launch 52 According to Silberstein 129 guests made reservations for New Year s Eve in the first twelve hours of its operation even though the hotel did not conduct any advertising 16 The Crowne Plaza was one of several new hotels in the Times Square area with a combined 4 200 rooms 53 even as visitation rates in the city remained sluggish 52 55 While the hotel was operated by Holiday Inn then by Bass plc after early 1990 the building itself was owned by several partners 16 a A restaurant named Samplings Bar had opened within the Crowne Plaza by April 1990 56 followed the next month by the Broadway Grill 57 58 The Crowne Plaza was largely staffed by union workers with the Broadway Grill being the only exception 59 Several months after the hotel opened Zeckendorf had not leased the office space at the hotel s base 60 Furthermore there were no tenants for the signage so parts of the exterior were covered up 61 The amenity space was expanded by one story in 1992 25 62 The same year the Crowne Plaza was selected to host delegates for the 1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries from Arkansas the home state of Bill Clinton who eventually won the 1992 United States presidential election The relatively unknown Crowne Plaza become more popular as a result 63 The Crowne Plaza added a large sign on the southern wall in 1995 and the words Holiday Inn were removed from the signs on the hotel s exterior The hotel s office space had also remained empty until the same year when the American Management Association indicated its intent to sign a 150 000 square foot 14 000 m2 lease there The AMA was supposed to have been the original tenant of the space when the hotel was being developed 17 Among the advertisers on the Crowne Plaza s facade was the Poland Spring Corporation which in 1998 signed a three year lease for a curved billboard at 48th Street and Broadway 64 The hotel also hosted events such as spirits expositions 65 and media conventions 66 In addition the Crowne Plaza was one of New York City s few hotels that accommodated sequestered jurors as New York state law required jurors to remain sequestered during some types of criminal trials 67 The hotel s operators hired Adam Tihany to redesign the interior in 1999 68 69 The modifications included a renovation of the bar which cost 2 million The Crowne Plaza s manager Drew Schlesinger said the hotel s operators allowed management to refurbish the hotel in tune with the whole gentrification of Times Square 69 Early 21st century edit The hotel saw decreases in visitation following the September 11 attacks in 2001 70 71 Around the same time the area evolved into a business district and there was growing demand for meeting space as well as numerous new restaurants Consequently the Crowne Plaza closed two of its restaurants and replaced them with a ballroom 72 The Hershey Company announced plans to open a ground level store and add a 15 story billboard in 2002 73 The City Investment Fund a joint venture between Morgan Stanley Real Estate and Fisher Brothers acquired the Crowne Plaza in 2006 for 362 million 74 75 By then rising room rates had led to decreases in visitation 76 Two years later the hotel conducted an 85 million renovation on its lobby restaurants guest rooms and meeting space 26 The renovation was conducted in stages with the hotel remaining open throughout 77 The renovation was finished in 2009 77 78 and the Brasserie 1605 restaurant opened that April 79 After the renovation was completed the Crowne Plaza saw a lower occupancy rate than other hotels in part because of decreased tourism 77 nbsp Krispy Kreme locationVornado Realty Trust acquired the 34 million junior mortgage in May 2011 and paid down some of the debt that December 80 Vornado announced the next year that it would recapitalize the hotel and take over ownership of the 180 000 square feet 17 000 m2 of commercial space 80 81 Vornado bought City Investment Fund s ownership stake for 39 million in 2015 increasing Vornado s ownership stake from 11 to 33 percent Vornado then acquired majority ownership by buying another 24 percent ownership stake for 95 million 82 Vornado sued Holiday Hospitality in July 2016 for 30 million alleging that Holiday had run the hotel poorly 83 84 In April 2018 Vornado refinanced the hotel with a 250 million loan from Deutsche Bank and Morgan Stanley 12 The next year Krispy Kreme Doughnuts began building a store in the retail space 85 86 which opened in September 2020 87 88 The Harrison a restaurant by the BenMoha Group was also announced for the hotel in 2019 89 The Crowne Plaza shuttered in March 2020 due to the COVID 19 pandemic in New York City and Vornado stopped paying rent on the ground lease 90 91 By that June Vornado had gone into default on 330 million of debt 91 The senior debt was placed for sale 92 and Argent Ventures bought the 195 million senior mortgage that December for 90 million 93 94 The Crowne Plaza remained closed because it was in foreclosure 95 In September 2021 SL Green Realty bought a portion of the hotel site for 121 million from the Walber Broadway Company which had owned that portion of the site since 1987 96 Vornado which wanted to sell its stake to Penson claimed that the purchase violated its right of first refusal and sued SL Green 91 A New York state judge ruled in April 2022 that SL Green had to sell its stake to Penson 97 The hotel reopened in November 2022 98 and its owners filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection the next month 98 99 In February 2023 a bankruptcy judge allowed the hotel s legal owner Times Square JV LLC controlled by Vornado to have its creditors vote on whether the hotel should be sold or restructured 100 Reception editWhen the hotel was completed Anne Kates of USA Today wrote that the sense of adventure in Lapidus s design had received mixed reception 15 Jerry Adler of Newsweek wrote in 1989 that the hotel may be the most gorgeous building in all Manhattan 15 101 Inside the hotel New York Times critic Terry Trucco wrote that the interior was pleasingly anonymous done in the pale colors and bland furnishings seen in big American hotels from coast to coast though she found her 44th story hotel room to be cramped 102 Paul Goldberger of The New York Times felt that the signs were more prominent than the building saying that it looks vastly better at night when it is ablaze with neon than it does during the day when it seems only like a failed effort at elegance 61 Goldberger further elaborated his dissent in a 1992 article saying the facade has ugly unfinished brick waiting for a sign that may not come for years a glaring offense at the pedestrian 103 Eve M Kahn of The Wall Street Journal described the Crowne Plaza as a glitzy pink granite and burgundy glass jukebox that sharply contrasted with the restrained design of 1585 Broadway 104 Architect Robert A M Stern said that he would prefer to say nothing of the hotel the only Lapidus design that Stern had experienced firsthand 105 See also editList of buildings and structures on Broadway in Manhattan List of hotels in New York CityReferences editNotes edit In a 1989 filing with the New York State Liquor Authority the listed owners included Zeckendorf Jason D Carter Arthur G Cohen Elie Hirschfeld Frank Stanton and Zev Wolfson as well as KG Crowne and KG Crowne Associates 16 Citations edit a b c White Norval Willensky Elliot Leadon Fran 2010 AIA Guide to New York City 5th ed New York Oxford University Press p 303 ISBN 978 0 19538 386 7 a b c 1601 Broadway 10036 New York City Department of City Planning Retrieved March 25 2021 Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 pp 647 648 a b c d e f Adams Anne L October 12 1986 Zeckendorf finds a way to skin a Pussycat New York Daily News pp 55 59 ISSN 2692 1251 Retrieved February 20 2022 via newspapers com a b Henican Ellis November 2 1986 Times Square s Sizzle Fizzling Newsday pp 6 27 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved February 20 2022 via newspapers com a b c Dunlap David W October 9 1986 Column One Changes The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 20 2022 a b c d Gottlieb Martin November 1 1986 Surge of Times Sq Projects Raises Questions on Effects The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 20 2022 a b c d e Kates Anne July 14 1989 Big Apple hotel to mimic lights of Broadway USA TODAY p 06B ProQuest 306230794 a b Collins Glenn December 23 2005 Dreaming of Irving Berlin in the Season That He Owned The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 Roberts Sam October 21 2021 Alan Lapidus Architect of Hotels and Casinos Dies at 85 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 20 2022 GmbH Emporis Crowne Plaza Hotel New York City 115392 EMPORIS www emporis com Archived from the original on November 5 2015 Retrieved September 6 2018 a b c Vornado Refis Times Square Crowne Plaza With 250M Loan Commercial Observer May 9 2018 Retrieved September 6 2018 a b Goldberger Paul January 30 1987 An Appraisal New Times Sq Zoning Skyscrapers With Signs The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 10 2022 Retrieved February 14 2022 a b c d Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 648 a b c d Kates Anne October 20 1989 Architect designs fantasy USA TODAY p 09B ProQuest 306274116 a b c d e f g Lyons Richard D December 13 1989 Real Estate A Jukebox Hotel for Times Square The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 20 2022 a b Dunlap David W April 30 1995 Along Times Sq Signs of New Life Abound The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 a b c d e Dunlap David W July 6 1988 From Dust of Demolition a New Times Square Rises The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on November 7 2021 Retrieved February 19 2022 a b c d Agovino Theresa February 8 1988 Building Rooms at the Top Crain s New York Business Vol 4 no 6 p 3 ProQuest 219126061 a b c d Lowenstein Roger August 4 1987 Zeckendorf Gets Loans to Build New York Hotel Credit Totals 227 7 Million Holiday Corp Will Run Midtown Manhattan Site Wall Street Journal p 18 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 135280438 a b c d Lander Estelle June 26 1989 Hotels Hope Times Square Hospitable Newsday p 119 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved February 20 2022 via newspapers com Moss Linda August 31 1987 How Marriott Makes It Here With Discounts Crain s New York Business Vol 3 no 35 p 1 ProQuest 219094408 A Vibrant Growing New York City Wall Street Journal May 23 1988 p b18 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 135315142 Selvin Barbara W August 3 1987 The Changing Face of the Great White Way Newsday pp 118 125 126 ISSN 2574 5298 Archived from the original on February 14 2022 Retrieved February 14 2022 via newspapers com a b c d Shea Barbara September 27 1992 The New York Hotel Scene Newsday pp 137 138 139 140 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved February 21 2022 via newspapers com a b c d Crowne Plaza Times Square Finishing Renovation Hotel Business Review August 26 2008 Retrieved February 21 2022 a b c d e f Schulz David P March 13 1989 Manhattan Sprouts Another Upscale Inn Crain s New York Business Vol 5 no 11 p 33 ProQuest 219160145 a b c Metzler Lavan Rosemary July 24 1989 Hotelier hopes to wear the Crowne in midtown New York Daily News p 21 ISSN 2692 1251 Retrieved February 20 2022 via newspapers com a b Berkowitz Harry July 4 1988 Manhattan s Poshest Hotels Are Competing in Extravagant Style Newsday p 56 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved February 20 2022 via newspapers com McCain Mark May 21 1989 Commercial Property New Times Square Hotels 3 Hostelries to Join the Marquis a Hit on Broadway The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 20 2022 Kadet Anne May 15 2015 Rent a Desk or Bathroom in New York City With an App Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved February 22 2022 Stern Robert A M Mellins Thomas Fishman David 1995 New York 1960 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial New York Monacelli Press p 441 ISBN 1 885254 02 4 OCLC 32159240 OL 1130718M Gottlieb Martin December 4 1983 Developers Looking West of Sixth Avenue The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on August 19 2021 Retrieved February 10 2022 Deutsch Claudia H May 2 1993 Waiting for Act 2 Around Times Square The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 11 2022 Retrieved February 11 2022 a b c d Stern Fishman amp Tilove 2006 p 647 Growing Big Apple Tourism Yields New Crop of Hotels Wall Street Journal May 23 1988 p B13 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 135300041 McCain Mark May 22 1988 Commercial Property West Midtown Development 15 Projects Rising as 6 Year Zoning Bonus Ends The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 20 2022 Gottlieb Martin October 5 1986 Pornography s Plight Hits Times Square The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 20 2022 Hughes C J January 20 2008 A City That Needs More Places to Sleep The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 a b c Gottlieb Martin August 6 1986 Times Square To Stay Bright In City s Plan The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 20 2022 Oser Alan S December 14 1986 Perspectives Great White Way Planning for a Brighter Times Sq The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 14 2022 Retrieved February 14 2022 a b Selvin Barbara March 9 1990 Scruffy West 40s Now Dressing For Wreckers Ball Newsday pp 7 32 ISSN 2574 5298 Archived from the original on February 10 2022 Retrieved February 10 2022 via newspapers com Moritz Owen October 30 1986 Apple Sauce New York Daily News p 336 ISSN 2692 1251 Retrieved February 20 2022 via newspapers com a b Meislin Richard J August 10 1987 Times Sq Development Boom of Private Projects The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 20 2022 a b c Oser Alan S February 21 1988 Perspectives Times Square A Major Mall in a Broadway Building The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 20 2022 McNatt Robert May 15 1989 In Real Estate It s O Canada Crain s New York Business Vol 5 no 20 p 1 ProQuest 219103113 Dunlap David W September 3 1987 New Rule for Times Sq Space The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 10 2022 Retrieved February 10 2022 a b c Lyons Richard D December 27 1989 Real Estate Mandating More Glitter On Times Sq The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 15 2022 Retrieved February 14 2022 Lyons Richard D April 10 1988 Manhattan Hotel Construction Surges The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 20 2022 a b Hevesi Dennis August 20 1989 Fewer Travelers Place New York On the Itinerary The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 20 2022 Tamarkin Roxanne August 15 1989 Gloom service as biz travelers are staying away New York Daily News pp 401 403 ISSN 2692 1251 Archived from the original on October 25 2021 Retrieved October 24 2021 via newspapers com a b c Schulz David P February 26 1990 Newest City Hotel Faces Test Crain s New York Business Vol 6 no 9 p 17 ProQuest 219124807 a b Span Paula December 31 1990 Times Square Out with the Old and In With the New as Redevelopment Threatens to Dim Its Flashy Character The Washington Post p D01 ISSN 0190 8286 ProQuest 307321483 Fee Walter December 17 1991 Getting All of the Breaks Plan gives tax relief to richest Newsday pp 7 94 ISSN 2574 5298 Archived from the original on February 14 2022 Retrieved February 14 2022 via newspapers com Navarro Mireya February 5 1990 Tourist Love For New York Grows Chilly The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 Miller Bryan April 6 1990 Diner s Journal The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 Miller Bryan May 4 1990 Diner s Journal The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 Schwartz Arthur May 25 1990 Good food bad mood New York Daily News p 232 ISSN 2692 1251 Retrieved February 21 2022 via newspapers com Weber Bruce July 2 1995 In One Hotel Exception Proves the Rule The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 Dunlap David W May 13 1990 Commercial Property West Midtown Zeckendorf Is Ready for Another Burst of Building The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 a b Goldberger Paul August 15 1990 Once a Hotel Desert Times Square Blooms The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 McKinley James C Jr February 26 1992 Tax Incentive For Builders Is Extended The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 Kramer Louise February 24 2003 Hotels vying for nods from top delegations Crain s New York Business Vol 19 no 8 p 30 ProQuest 219144012 Cropper Carol Marie July 10 1998 The Media Business Advertising Addenda A Corner of Maine In Times Square The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 Kirby David March 28 1999 Neighborhood Report Times Square Buzz A Night for Spirits Both Dark and Light The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 Elliott Stuart December 3 1996 Banner Ads On Internet Attract Users The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 Cardwell Diane December 1 2000 12 Angry Guests Well Cranky at Least Sequestered Juries Help Revive a Hotel The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 Crowne Plaza Selects Fallon McElligott PR to Help Transform Times Square Property PR Newswire Press release September 9 1999 p 1 ProQuest 449568677 a b Kramer Louise June 12 2000 Times Sq bed spread Crain s New York Business Vol 16 no 24 p 3 ProQuest 219167863 Howard Theresa October 8 2001 NYC tries to get tourism on track Ads ask travelers Come back please USA TODAY p B05 ProQuest 408914424 Herman Eric September 28 2001 Big season gone bad for hotels New York Daily News p 95 ISSN 2692 1251 Retrieved February 21 2022 via newspapers com Goff Lisa November 18 2002 Site for the times Crain s New York Business Vol 18 no 46 p 19 ProQuest 219158333 Bagli Charles V June 8 2002 Sweet on Times Square Hershey Is to Open Store The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 Hinderer Katie November 17 2006 Crowne Plaza Sells for 362M GlobeSt Retrieved February 21 2022 In Brief Newsday November 18 2006 p 18 ISSN 2574 5298 Retrieved February 21 2022 via newspapers com Fickenscher Lisa October 2 2006 Rising hotel rates price visitors out Crain s New York Business Vol 22 no 40 p 1 ProQuest 219197730 a b c Pincus Adam January 28 2009 Crowne Plaza suffers more than others The Real Deal New York Retrieved February 22 2022 Fickenscher Lisa February 15 2010 Inn crowd grows in Times Square Crain s New York Business Vol 26 no 7 p 2 ProQuest 219155044 Fabricant Florence April 29 2009 Off the Menu The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 a b Jones David February 17 2012 Vornado helps recap Crown Plaza Times Square The Real Deal New York Retrieved February 22 2022 Vornado Drives Recap of Crowne Plaza Times Square Commercial Real Estate Direct February 17 2012 Retrieved February 22 2022 Santani Hiten Pincus Adam January 30 2015 Vornado pays 39M to up stake in 1601 Broadway The Real Deal New York Retrieved February 21 2022 Vornado Realty Trust sues New York hotel operator over underperformance Hotel Management July 6 2016 Retrieved February 21 2022 Brenzel Kathryn July 6 2016 Vornado lobs 30M lawsuit against Times Square Crowne Plaza hotel operator The Real Deal New York Retrieved February 21 2022 Rizzi Nicholas June 14 2019 Krispy Kreme to Open 24 Hour Doughnut Shop in Times Square Commercial Observer Retrieved February 22 2022 Krispy Kreme bringing glaze waterfall to new Times Square flagship Crain s New York Business June 10 2019 Retrieved October 3 2020 Alter Rebecca September 17 2020 We Braved Times Square to Go to the New Flagship Krispy Kreme Grub Street Retrieved October 28 2021 Huge Krispy Kreme shop opens Tuesday in Times Square in Manhattan ABC7 New York September 15 2020 Retrieved October 28 2021 Gourarie Chava October 18 2019 BenMoha to Open Music Inspired Restaurant in Crowne Plaza Commercial Observer Retrieved February 22 2022 Cuozzo Steve February 16 2022 Crowne Plaza Hotel in Times Square entangled in legal battle New York Post Retrieved February 21 2022 a b c Andrew Penson Disputes SL Green s Crown Plaza Hotel Buy The Real Deal New York November 17 2021 Retrieved February 21 2022 Cunningham Cathy August 3 2020 Senior Debt on Vornado s Crowne Plaza Hotel Hits the Market Commercial Observer Retrieved February 21 2022 Bockmann Rich December 22 2020 Argent Ventures Buying Mortgage On Vornado Times Square Hotel The Real Deal New York Retrieved February 21 2022 Argent Ventures buys debt on 1605 Broadway Daily Beat December 23 2020 Archived from the original on February 21 2022 Retrieved February 21 2022 Sex and the City hotel rebounds Crain s New York Business December 8 2021 Retrieved February 21 2022 SL Green Buys a Stake in 1601 Broadway for 121M The Real Deal New York September 30 2021 Retrieved February 21 2022 Cifuentes Kevin April 13 2022 SL Green Must Sell Crowne Plaza Stake to Andrew Penson Judge The Real Deal New York Retrieved October 9 2022 a b Jones Orion December 29 2022 Crowne Plaza Times Square Hotel Files for Bankruptcy The Real Deal Retrieved August 25 2023 Coen Andrew December 30 2022 Times Square s Crowne Plaza Hotel Hits Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Commercial Observer Retrieved August 25 2023 Nani James February 1 2023 Bankrupt Times Square Crowne Plaza Cleared To Seek Creditor Vote Bloomberg Law News Retrieved August 25 2023 Adler Jerry June 26 1989 The Temples of Lapidus Forget mere beauty What this architect aims for in all he designs is unparalleled gorgeousness Newsweek Vol 113 no 26 pp 64 65 ProQuest 1894151308 Trucco Terry September 9 1990 Mid Priced Perches The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved February 21 2022 Goldberger Paul February 10 1991 Architecture View In Times Square Dignity by Day Glitter by Night The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Archived from the original on February 15 2022 Retrieved February 14 2022 Kahn Eve M June 9 1992 Architecture Empty New High Rises Preserve Anarchy of Broadway The Wall Street Journal p A14 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 398261212 Barsky Neil September 13 1990 If the Garage Looks Like Ancient Rome It s Atlantic City Architect Lapidus Ignores The Highbrows to Design Kitsch for High Rollers The Wall Street Journal p A1 ISSN 0099 9660 ProQuest 398182171 Sources edit Stern Robert A M Fishman David Tilove Jacob 2006 New York 2000 Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium New York Monacelli Press ISBN 978 1 58093 177 9 OCLC 70267065 OL 22741487M External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crowne Plaza Times Square Official websitePortals nbsp Architecture nbsp Hotels nbsp New York City Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan amp oldid 1172960056, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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