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Critique is a method of disciplined, systematic study of a written or oral discourse. Although critique is commonly understood as fault finding and negative judgment,[1] it can also involve merit recognition, and in the philosophical tradition it also means a methodical practice of doubt.[1] The contemporary sense of critique has been largely influenced by the Enlightenment critique of prejudice and authority, which championed the emancipation and autonomy from religious and political authorities.[1]
The term critique derives, via French, from κριτική (kritikē), meaning "the faculty of judging", that is, discerning the value of persons or things.[2] Critique is also known as major logic, as opposed to minor logic or dialectics.[citation needed]
Philosophy is the application of critical thought,[3] and is the disciplined practice of processing the theory/praxis problem. In philosophical contexts, such as law or academics, critique is most influenced by Kant's use of the term to mean a reflective examination of the validity and limits of a human capacity or of a set of philosophical claims. This has been extended in modern philosophy to mean a systematic inquiry into the conditions and consequences of a concept, a theory, a discipline, or an approach and/or attempt to understand the limitations and validity of that. A critical perspective, in this sense, is the opposite of a dogmatic one. Kant wrote:
We deal with a concept dogmatically ... if we consider it as contained under another concept of the object which constitutes a principle of reason and determine it in conformity with this. But we deal with it merely critically if we consider it only in reference to our cognitive faculties and consequently to the subjective conditions of thinking it, without undertaking to decide anything about its object.[4]
Later thinkers such as Hegel used the word 'critique' in a broader way than Kant's sense of the word, to mean the systematic inquiry into the limits of a doctrine or set of concepts. This referential expansion led, for instance, to the formulation of the idea of social critique, such as arose after Karl Marx's theoretical work delineated in his A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy (1859), which was a critique of the then-current models of economic theory and thought of that time. Further critique can then be applied after the fact, by using thorough critique as a basis for new argument. The idea of critique is elemental to legal, aesthetic, and literary theory and such practices, such as in the analysis and evaluation of writings such as pictorial, musical, or expanded textual works.[5]
Critique vs criticism
In French, German, or Italian, no distinction is drawn between 'critique' and 'criticism': the two words both translate as critique, Kritik, and critica, respectively.[6] In the English language, according to philosopher Gianni Vattimo, criticism is used more frequently to denote literary criticism or art criticism, that is, the interpretation and evaluation of literature and art; while critique may refer to more general and profound writing as Kant's Critique of Pure Reason.[6] Another proposed distinction is that critique is never personalized nor ad hominem, but is instead the analyses of the structure of the thought in the content of the item critiqued.[6] This analysis then offers by way of the critique method either a rebuttal or a suggestion of further expansion upon the problems presented by the topic of that specific written or oral argumentation. Even authors that believe there might be a distinction suggest that there is some ambiguity that is still unresolved.[6]
Marx's work inspired the 'Frankfurt School' of critical theory, now best exemplified in the work of Jürgen Habermas.[7] This, in turn, helped inspire the cultural studies form of social critique, which treats cultural products and their reception as evidence of wider social ills such as racism or gender bias.[citation needed] Social critique has been further extended in the work of Michel Foucault[8] and of Catholic philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre.[9] In their different and radically contrasting ways, MacIntyre and Foucault go well beyond the original Kantian meaning of the term critique in contesting legitimatory accounts of social power. Critique as critical theory has also led to the emergence of critical pedagogy, exemplified by Paulo Freire, bell hooks, and others.
^ abcRodolphe Gasché (2007) The honor of thinking: critique, theory, philosophy pp. 12–13 quote:
Let us also remind ourselves of the fact that throughout the eighteenth century, which Kant, in Critique of Pure Reason, labeled "in especial degree, the age of criticism" and to which our use of "critique", today remains largely indebted, critique was above all critique of prejudice and established authority, and hence was intimately tied to a conception of the human being as capable of self-thinking, hence authonomous, and free from religious and political authorities.
^Laurie, Timothy; Stark, Hannah; Walker, Briohny (2019), "Critical Approaches to Continental Philosophy: Intellectual Community, Disciplinary Identity, and the Politics of Inclusion", Parrhesia: A Journal of Critical Philosophy, 30: 1–17
^For an overview of philosophical conceptions of critique from Spinoza to Rancière see K. de Boer and R. Sonderegger (eds.), Conceptions of Critique in Modern and Contemporary Philosophy (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2012).
^ abcdGianni VattimoPostmodern criticism: postmodern critique in David Wood (1990) Writing the future, pp. 57–58
^David Ingram, Habermas: Introduction and Analysis, New York: Cornell University Press, 2010.
^Michel Foucault, Was ist Kritik?, Berlin: Merve Verlag 1992. ISBN3-88396-093-4
^Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue, Notre Dame: University of Notre Dama Press, 1981.
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March 07, 2023
critique, this, article, possibly, contains, original, research, please, improve, verifying, claims, made, adding, inline, citations, statements, consisting, only, original, research, should, removed, february, 2023, learn, when, remove, this, template, messag. This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed February 2023 Learn how and when to remove this template message For other uses see Critique disambiguation Not to be confused with Critic Look up critique in Wiktionary the free dictionary Critique is a method of disciplined systematic study of a written or oral discourse Although critique is commonly understood as fault finding and negative judgment 1 it can also involve merit recognition and in the philosophical tradition it also means a methodical practice of doubt 1 The contemporary sense of critique has been largely influenced by the Enlightenment critique of prejudice and authority which championed the emancipation and autonomy from religious and political authorities 1 The term critique derives via French from kritikh kritike meaning the faculty of judging that is discerning the value of persons or things 2 Critique is also known as major logic as opposed to minor logic or dialectics citation needed Contents 1 Critique in philosophy 2 Critique vs criticism 3 Critical theory 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksCritique in philosophy EditPhilosophy is the application of critical thought 3 and is the disciplined practice of processing the theory praxis problem In philosophical contexts such as law or academics critique is most influenced by Kant s use of the term to mean a reflective examination of the validity and limits of a human capacity or of a set of philosophical claims This has been extended in modern philosophy to mean a systematic inquiry into the conditions and consequences of a concept a theory a discipline or an approach and or attempt to understand the limitations and validity of that A critical perspective in this sense is the opposite of a dogmatic one Kant wrote We deal with a concept dogmatically if we consider it as contained under another concept of the object which constitutes a principle of reason and determine it in conformity with this But we deal with it merely critically if we consider it only in reference to our cognitive faculties and consequently to the subjective conditions of thinking it without undertaking to decide anything about its object 4 Later thinkers such as Hegel used the word critique in a broader way than Kant s sense of the word to mean the systematic inquiry into the limits of a doctrine or set of concepts This referential expansion led for instance to the formulation of the idea of social critique such as arose after Karl Marx s theoretical work delineated in his A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy 1859 which was a critique of the then current models of economic theory and thought of that time Further critique can then be applied after the fact by using thorough critique as a basis for new argument The idea of critique is elemental to legal aesthetic and literary theory and such practices such as in the analysis and evaluation of writings such as pictorial musical or expanded textual works 5 Critique vs criticism EditIn French German or Italian no distinction is drawn between critique and criticism the two words both translate as critique Kritik and critica respectively 6 In the English language according to philosopher Gianni Vattimo criticism is used more frequently to denote literary criticism or art criticism that is the interpretation and evaluation of literature and art while critique may refer to more general and profound writing as Kant s Critique of Pure Reason 6 Another proposed distinction is that critique is never personalized nor ad hominem but is instead the analyses of the structure of the thought in the content of the item critiqued 6 This analysis then offers by way of the critique method either a rebuttal or a suggestion of further expansion upon the problems presented by the topic of that specific written or oral argumentation Even authors that believe there might be a distinction suggest that there is some ambiguity that is still unresolved 6 Critical theory EditMain article Critical theory Marx s work inspired the Frankfurt School of critical theory now best exemplified in the work of Jurgen Habermas 7 This in turn helped inspire the cultural studies form of social critique which treats cultural products and their reception as evidence of wider social ills such as racism or gender bias citation needed Social critique has been further extended in the work of Michel Foucault 8 and of Catholic philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre 9 In their different and radically contrasting ways MacIntyre and Foucault go well beyond the original Kantian meaning of the term critique in contesting legitimatory accounts of social power Critique as critical theory has also led to the emergence of critical pedagogy exemplified by Paulo Freire bell hooks and others See also Edit philosophy portal arts portalConstructive criticism Critical philosophy Critical theory Critical thinking Criticism Category CriticismReferences Edit a b c Rodolphe Gasche 2007 The honor of thinking critique theory philosophy pp 12 13 quote Let us also remind ourselves of the fact that throughout the eighteenth century which Kant in Critique of Pure Reason labeled in especial degree the age of criticism and to which our use of critique today remains largely indebted critique was above all critique of prejudice and established authority and hence was intimately tied to a conception of the human being as capable of self thinking hence authonomous and free from religious and political authorities critick Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required Laurie Timothy Stark Hannah Walker Briohny 2019 Critical Approaches to Continental Philosophy Intellectual Community Disciplinary Identity and the Politics of Inclusion Parrhesia A Journal of Critical Philosophy 30 1 17 Immanuel Kant Critique of Judgment section 74 For an overview of philosophical conceptions of critique from Spinoza to Ranciere see K de Boer and R Sonderegger eds Conceptions of Critique in Modern and Contemporary Philosophy Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan 2012 a b c d Gianni Vattimo Postmodern criticism postmodern critique in David Wood 1990 Writing the future pp 57 58 David Ingram Habermas Introduction and Analysis New York Cornell University Press 2010 Michel Foucault Was ist Kritik Berlin Merve Verlag 1992 ISBN 3 88396 093 4 Alasdair MacIntyre After Virtue Notre Dame University of Notre Dama Press 1981 External links Edit Wikiquote has quotations related to Critique Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Critique amp oldid 1142470114, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
