Criticism is the construction of a judgement about the negative or positive qualities of someone or something. Criticism can range from impromptu comments to a written detailed response.[1] Criticism falls into several overlapping types including "theoretical, practical, impressionistic, affective, prescriptive, or descriptive".[2]
Criticism may also refer to an expression of disapproval of someone or something.[1] When criticism of this nature is constructive it can make an individual aware of gaps in their understanding and it can provide distinct routes for improvement.[3][4][5] Research supports the notion that using feedback and constructive criticism in the learning process is very influential.[6][7][8]
Critique vs. criticism: In French, German, or Italian, no distinction is drawn between 'critique' and 'criticism'. The two words both translate as critique, Kritik, and critica, respectively.[9] In the English language, philosopher Gianni Vattimo suggests that criticism is used more frequently to denote literary criticism or art criticism while critique refers to more general and profound writing as Kant's Critique of Pure Reason.[9] Another distinction that is sometimes made is that critique is never personalized nor ad hominem[9] and is presented in a way that encourages rebuttal or expansion of the ideas expressed. Nonetheless, the distinctions are subtle and ambiguous at best.[9]
The term "brickbat" is sometimes used to mean "an unfavourable criticism, unkind remark or sharp put-down". The term originated in the 17th century, derived from the practice of throwing bricks as projectiles at a person who was disapproved of.[10][11]
In some contexts, such as literary criticism and art criticism, the word criticism is used as a neutral word that is synonymous with evaluation.[12]
Critical Studies and Critical Theory programs teach the method of critique, also known as “criticism”. Both theory and studies programs often sample new works in addition to the classical texts.[13] UC Berkeley, CUNY, and Northwestern University offer programs in Critical Theory, while a number of other colleges and universities offer programs or sole courses in Critical Studies, Critical Theory, and sub-disciplines. Sub-disciplines include Critical Race Studies, Critical Asian Studies, Critical Black Studies, and Critical Disability Studies.[14] The term “critical” can be found in course titles concerning a variety of topics, as the term refers to a method or approach to course materials.
Some claim “critical” studies have a particular focus in their perspective or opinion,[15] confusing the method of critique with individual critiques. The recent appearance of “critical” studies and theory further compounds the conflation of particular authors with the new method and discipline. Additionally, the method and disciplines are distinguished from analysis or traditional objectivist or hard sciences by their allowances for subjectivity in the perspective of the author.
Criticism of criticism
Journalist and writer H. L. Mencken argued that "criticism is little more than a branch of homiletics. They judge a work of art, not by its clarity and sincerity, not by the force and charm of its ideas, not by the technical virtuosity of the artist, not by his originality and artistic courage, but simply and solely by his orthodoxy."[16]
^ ab"Criticism". Cambridge Dictionary. | the act of giving your opinion or judgment about the good or bad qualities of something or someone or the act of saying that something or someone is bad
^"Criticism". Oxford Dictionary. | "The reasoned discussion of literary works, an activity which may include some or all of the following procedures, in varying proportions: the defence of literature against moralists and censors, classification of a work according to its genre, interpretation of its meaning, analysis of its structure and style, judgement of its worth by comparison with other works, estimation of its likely effect on readers, and the establishment of general principles by which literary works can be evaluated and understood."
^Fong, Carlton J.; Warner, Jayce R.; Williams, Kyle M.; Schallert, Diane L.; Chen, Ling-Hui; Williamson, Zachary H.; Lin, Shengjie (July 2016). "Deconstructing constructive criticism: The nature of academic emotions associated with constructive, positive, and negative feedback". Learning and Individual Differences. 49: 393–399. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2016.05.019. ISSN 1041-6080.
^Winstone, Naomi E.; Nash, Robert A.; Parker, Michael; Rowntree, James (2017-01-02). "Supporting Learners' Agentic Engagement With Feedback: A Systematic Review and a Taxonomy of Recipience Processes". Educational Psychologist. 52 (1): 17–37. doi:10.1080/00461520.2016.1207538. ISSN 0046-1520.
^Shute, Valerie J. (2008-03-01). "Focus on Formative Feedback". Review of Educational Research. 78: 153–189. doi:10.3102/0034654307313795. hdl:20.500.12749/2996. S2CID 145188268.
^Kluger, Avraham N.; DeNisi, Angelo (March 1996). "The effects of feedback interventions on performance: A historical review, a meta-analysis, and a preliminary feedback intervention theory". Psychological Bulletin. 119 (2): 254–284. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.254. ISSN 1939-1455.
^Brown, Gavin T.L.; Harris, Lois R.; Harnett, Jennifer (October 2012). "Teacher beliefs about feedback within an assessment for learning environment: Endorsement of improved learning over student well-being". Teaching and Teacher Education. 28 (7): 968–978. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2012.05.003. ISSN 0742-051X.
^ abcdGianni VattimoPostmodern criticism: postmodern critique in David Wood (1990) Writing the future, pp. 57–58
^Tharoor, Shashi (7 February 2020). "Shashi Tharoor's Word Of The Week: Brickbat". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
^"brickbat". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
^"Common Errors in English Usage: criticism". May 31, 2016.
^"The Program in Critical Theory". Critical Theory - UC Berkeley. UC Berkeley. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
^"Critical Race Studies". UCLA Law. UCLA. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
^"Critical Legal Theory". Legal Information Institue. Cornell Law School. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
^"Criticism of Criticism of Criticism". bactra.org. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
External links
Look up critic, critical, or critique in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
criticism, construction, judgement, about, negative, positive, qualities, someone, something, range, from, impromptu, comments, written, detailed, response, falls, into, several, overlapping, types, including, theoretical, practical, impressionistic, affective. Criticism is the construction of a judgement about the negative or positive qualities of someone or something Criticism can range from impromptu comments to a written detailed response 1 Criticism falls into several overlapping types including theoretical practical impressionistic affective prescriptive or descriptive 2 Criticism may also refer to an expression of disapproval of someone or something 1 When criticism of this nature is constructive it can make an individual aware of gaps in their understanding and it can provide distinct routes for improvement 3 4 5 Research supports the notion that using feedback and constructive criticism in the learning process is very influential 6 7 8 Critique vs criticism In French German or Italian no distinction is drawn between critique and criticism The two words both translate as critique Kritik and critica respectively 9 In the English language philosopher Gianni Vattimo suggests that criticism is used more frequently to denote literary criticism or art criticism while critique refers to more general and profound writing as Kant s Critique of Pure Reason 9 Another distinction that is sometimes made is that critique is never personalized nor ad hominem 9 and is presented in a way that encourages rebuttal or expansion of the ideas expressed Nonetheless the distinctions are subtle and ambiguous at best 9 The term brickbat is sometimes used to mean an unfavourable criticism unkind remark or sharp put down The term originated in the 17th century derived from the practice of throwing bricks as projectiles at a person who was disapproved of 10 11 In some contexts such as literary criticism and art criticism the word criticism is used as a neutral word that is synonymous with evaluation 12 Contents 1 Criticism in academia 2 Criticism of criticism 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksCriticism in academia EditCritical Studies and Critical Theory programs teach the method of critique also known as criticism Both theory and studies programs often sample new works in addition to the classical texts 13 UC Berkeley CUNY and Northwestern University offer programs in Critical Theory while a number of other colleges and universities offer programs or sole courses in Critical Studies Critical Theory and sub disciplines Sub disciplines include Critical Race Studies Critical Asian Studies Critical Black Studies and Critical Disability Studies 14 The term critical can be found in course titles concerning a variety of topics as the term refers to a method or approach to course materials Some claim critical studies have a particular focus in their perspective or opinion 15 confusing the method of critique with individual critiques The recent appearance of critical studies and theory further compounds the conflation of particular authors with the new method and discipline Additionally the method and disciplines are distinguished from analysis or traditional objectivist or hard sciences by their allowances for subjectivity in the perspective of the author Criticism of criticism EditJournalist and writer H L Mencken argued that criticism is little more than a branch of homiletics They judge a work of art not by its clarity and sincerity not by the force and charm of its ideas not by the technical virtuosity of the artist not by his originality and artistic courage but simply and solely by his orthodoxy 16 See also EditCritique Literary criticism Art criticism Film criticism Theatre criticism Criticism of religion Criticism of science Self criticism Social criticismReferences Edit a b Criticism Cambridge Dictionary the act of giving your opinion or judgment about the good or bad qualities of something or someone or the act of saying that something or someone is bad Criticism Oxford Dictionary The reasoned discussion of literary works an activity which may include some or all of the following procedures in varying proportions the defence of literature against moralists and censors classification of a work according to its genre interpretation of its meaning analysis of its structure and style judgement of its worth by comparison with other works estimation of its likely effect on readers and the establishment of general principles by which literary works can be evaluated and understood Fong Carlton J Warner Jayce R Williams Kyle M Schallert Diane L Chen Ling Hui Williamson Zachary H Lin Shengjie July 2016 Deconstructing constructive criticism The nature of academic emotions associated with constructive positive and negative feedback Learning and Individual Differences 49 393 399 doi 10 1016 j lindif 2016 05 019 ISSN 1041 6080 Winstone Naomi E Nash Robert A Parker Michael Rowntree James 2017 01 02 Supporting Learners Agentic Engagement With Feedback A Systematic Review and a Taxonomy of Recipience Processes Educational Psychologist 52 1 17 37 doi 10 1080 00461520 2016 1207538 ISSN 0046 1520 Shute Valerie J 2008 03 01 Focus on Formative Feedback Review of Educational Research 78 153 189 doi 10 3102 0034654307313795 hdl 20 500 12749 2996 S2CID 145188268 Kluger Avraham N DeNisi Angelo March 1996 The effects of feedback interventions on performance A historical review a meta analysis and a preliminary feedback intervention theory Psychological Bulletin 119 2 254 284 doi 10 1037 0033 2909 119 2 254 ISSN 1939 1455 The Power of Feedback 2014 06 27 doi 10 4324 9781315813875 ISBN 9781315813875 Brown Gavin T L Harris Lois R Harnett Jennifer October 2012 Teacher beliefs about feedback within an assessment for learning environment Endorsement of improved learning over student well being Teaching and Teacher Education 28 7 968 978 doi 10 1016 j tate 2012 05 003 ISSN 0742 051X a b c d Gianni Vattimo Postmodern criticism postmodern critique in David Wood 1990 Writing the future pp 57 58 Tharoor Shashi 7 February 2020 Shashi Tharoor s Word Of The Week Brickbat Hindustan Times Retrieved 16 April 2021 brickbat Online Etymology Dictionary Retrieved 10 February 2022 Common Errors in English Usage criticism May 31 2016 The Program in Critical Theory Critical Theory UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Retrieved 21 February 2022 Critical Race Studies UCLA Law UCLA Retrieved 21 February 2022 Critical Legal Theory Legal Information Institue Cornell Law School Retrieved 23 February 2022 Criticism of Criticism of Criticism bactra org Retrieved 2022 10 25 External links Edit Look up critic critical or critique in Wiktionary the free dictionary Gosse Edmund William 1911 Criticism Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 7 11th ed pp 468 470 Wikiquote has quotations related to Criticism Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Criticism amp oldid 1154570922, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
