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Brown noddy

January 19, 2024

The brown noddy or common noddy (Anous stolidus) is a seabird in the family Laridae. The largest of the noddies, it can be told from the closely related black noddy by its larger size and plumage, which is dark brown rather than black. The brown noddy is a tropical seabird with a worldwide distribution, ranging from Hawaii to the Tuamotu Archipelago and Australia in the Pacific Ocean, from the Red Sea to the Seychelles and Australia in the Indian Ocean and in the Caribbean to Tristan da Cunha in the Atlantic Ocean. The brown noddy is colonial, usually nesting on elevated situations on cliffs or in short trees or shrubs. It only occasionally nests on the ground. A single egg is laid by the female of a pair each breeding season. In India, the brown noddy is protected in the PM Sayeed Marine Birds Conservation Reserve.[2]

Brown noddy
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Charadriiformes
Family: Laridae
Genus: Anous
Species:
A. stolidus
Binomial name
Anous stolidus
Synonyms

Sterna stolida Linnaeus, 1758

Taxonomy edit

The first formal description of the brown noddy was by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Sterna stolida.[3] The genus Anous was introduced by the English naturalist James Francis Stephens in 1826.[4] The genus name Anous is Ancient Greek for "stupid" or "foolish". The specific name stolidus is Latin and also means "stupid" or "foolish".[5]

Four subspecies are recognised:[6]

Description edit

The brown noddy is 38–45 cm (15–18 in) in length with a wingspan of 75–86 cm (30–34 in). The plumage is a dark chocolate-brown with a pale-grey or white crown and forehead. It has a narrow incomplete white eye-ring.[7] The tail is long and wedge-shaped, and the feet and legs are dark.[8]

Behaviour edit

Breeding edit

The brown noddy is a colonial bird, usually nesting on cliffs, trees, or bushes. It occasionally lays its eggs on the bare ground. The nest itself is usually a platform nest, made of sticks and twigs.[9]

In their nuptial displays, the female and male bow and nod to each other. Courtship feeding and flights accompany this, in addition to the transfer of a small, freshly caught fish from the male to the female.[9]

This bird lays a clutch of one pink cream egg with lilac and chestnut maculation. The egg usually measures around 52 by 35 millimetres (2.0 by 1.4 in). This egg is incubated by both sexes for 33 to 36 days, with each parent incubating for one or two days while their mate is feeding at sea. After the chick hatches, it grows quickly; usually reaching the weight of the parents in three weeks.[9] When it fledges, about six to seven weeks after hatching,[8] it can sometimes weigh more than the parents, although this weight is lost quickly once it starts to fly. At this point, the fledgling is starting to rely on its parents less and less as it learns how to provide for itself.[9]

Diet edit

The brown noddy forages by swooping over the water and dipping down to catch small squid, other molluscs, aquatic insects and fish (such as sardines, anchovies, etc.).[8][10] It will also feed on fruit, mostly the screw pine fruit.[10]

Gallery edit

References edit

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Anous stolidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22694794A168889812. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22694794A168889812.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ KA Shaji (13 May 2020). "Lakshadweep gets world's first sea cucumber conservation reserve to curb smuggling into China". Scroll. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
  3. ^ Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Volume 1 (in Latin). Vol. v.1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 137.
  4. ^ Stephens, James Francis (1826). General zoology, or Systematic natural history, by George Shaw. Vol. 13. London: G. Kearsley. p. 139. The title page gives the year as 1825.
  5. ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 48, 366. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
  6. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Noddies, gulls, terns, auks". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
  7. ^ Gochfeld, M.; Burger, J.; Kirwan, G.M.; Garcia, E.F.J. "Brown Noddy (Anous stolidus)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
  8. ^ a b c Vanner, Michael (2004). The Encyclopedia of North American Birds. Bath, England: Parragon. pp. 164. ISBN 0-75258-734-X.
  9. ^ a b c d Hauber, Mark E. (1 August 2014). The Book of Eggs: A Life-Size Guide to the Eggs of Six Hundred of the World's Bird Species. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-226-05781-1.
  10. ^ a b https://sta.uwi.edu/fst/lifesciences/sites/default/files/lifesciences/images/Anous%20stolidus%20-%20Brown%20Noddy%20or%20Common%20Noddy.pdf[bare URL PDF]

Sources edit

  • "National Geographic" Field Guide to the Birds of North America ISBN 0-7922-6877-6
  • Harrison, P. Seabirds, an Identification Guide (1983) ISBN 0-7470-1410-8
  • Sibley, D. A., National Audubon Society, The Sibley Guide to Birds ISBN 0-679-45122-6
  • Chardine, J.W. and R.D. Morris. 1996. Brown Noddy (Anous stolidus). In: The Birds of North America, No. 220 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union, Washington, D.C.
  • Brown, William Yancey (1973). Breeding Biology of the Sooty Tern and Brown Noddy on Manana or Rabbit Island, Hawaii. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Hawaii.[1]

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anous stolidus.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Anous stolidus.
  • Xeno-canto: vocalization of the brown noddy

January 19, 2024
brown, noddy, brown, noddy, common, noddy, anous, stolidus, seabird, family, laridae, largest, noddies, told, from, closely, related, black, noddy, larger, size, plumage, which, dark, brown, rather, than, black, brown, noddy, tropical, seabird, with, worldwide. The brown noddy or common noddy Anous stolidus is a seabird in the family Laridae The largest of the noddies it can be told from the closely related black noddy by its larger size and plumage which is dark brown rather than black The brown noddy is a tropical seabird with a worldwide distribution ranging from Hawaii to the Tuamotu Archipelago and Australia in the Pacific Ocean from the Red Sea to the Seychelles and Australia in the Indian Ocean and in the Caribbean to Tristan da Cunha in the Atlantic Ocean The brown noddy is colonial usually nesting on elevated situations on cliffs or in short trees or shrubs It only occasionally nests on the ground A single egg is laid by the female of a pair each breeding season In India the brown noddy is protected in the PM Sayeed Marine Birds Conservation Reserve 2 Brown noddyConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass AvesOrder CharadriiformesFamily LaridaeGenus AnousSpecies A stolidusBinomial nameAnous stolidus Linnaeus 1758 SynonymsSterna stolida Linnaeus 1758 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Behaviour 3 1 Breeding 3 2 Diet 4 Gallery 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksTaxonomy editThe first formal description of the brown noddy was by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Sterna stolida 3 The genus Anous was introduced by the English naturalist James Francis Stephens in 1826 4 The genus name Anous is Ancient Greek for stupid or foolish The specific name stolidus is Latin and also means stupid or foolish 5 Four subspecies are recognised 6 A s pileatus Scopoli 1786 Red Sea Indian Ocean east through the Pacific to Hawaii amp Easter Island A s galapagensis Sharpe 1879 Galapagos Islands A s ridgwayi Anthony 1898 islands off western Mexico to Costa Rica A s stolidus Linnaeus 1758 islands of the Caribbean and tropical AtlanticDescription editThe brown noddy is 38 45 cm 15 18 in in length with a wingspan of 75 86 cm 30 34 in The plumage is a dark chocolate brown with a pale grey or white crown and forehead It has a narrow incomplete white eye ring 7 The tail is long and wedge shaped and the feet and legs are dark 8 Behaviour editBreeding edit The brown noddy is a colonial bird usually nesting on cliffs trees or bushes It occasionally lays its eggs on the bare ground The nest itself is usually a platform nest made of sticks and twigs 9 In their nuptial displays the female and male bow and nod to each other Courtship feeding and flights accompany this in addition to the transfer of a small freshly caught fish from the male to the female 9 This bird lays a clutch of one pink cream egg with lilac and chestnut maculation The egg usually measures around 52 by 35 millimetres 2 0 by 1 4 in This egg is incubated by both sexes for 33 to 36 days with each parent incubating for one or two days while their mate is feeding at sea After the chick hatches it grows quickly usually reaching the weight of the parents in three weeks 9 When it fledges about six to seven weeks after hatching 8 it can sometimes weigh more than the parents although this weight is lost quickly once it starts to fly At this point the fledgling is starting to rely on its parents less and less as it learns how to provide for itself 9 Diet edit The brown noddy forages by swooping over the water and dipping down to catch small squid other molluscs aquatic insects and fish such as sardines anchovies etc 8 10 It will also feed on fruit mostly the screw pine fruit 10 Gallery edit nbsp Adult and chick nbsp Close up of head nbsp Brown noddies nesting in Tubbataha Reef National Park in the Philippines nbsp Anous stolidus galapagensis endemic of the Galapagos Islands Ecuador nbsp On Tetiꞌaroa nbsp Egg nbsp A s stolidus Sao Tome and Principe nbsp A s stolidus Sao Tome and PrincipeReferences edit BirdLife International 2020 Anous stolidus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020 e T22694794A168889812 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2020 3 RLTS T22694794A168889812 en Retrieved 12 November 2021 KA Shaji 13 May 2020 Lakshadweep gets world s first sea cucumber conservation reserve to curb smuggling into China Scroll Retrieved 23 July 2020 Linnaeus C 1758 Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes ordines genera species cum characteribus differentiis synonymis locis Volume 1 in Latin Vol v 1 10th ed Holmiae Laurentii Salvii p 137 Stephens James Francis 1826 General zoology or Systematic natural history by George Shaw Vol 13 London G Kearsley p 139 The title page gives the year as 1825 Jobling James A 2010 The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names London Christopher Helm pp 48 366 ISBN 978 1 4081 2501 4 Gill Frank Donsker David eds 2019 Noddies gulls terns auks World Bird List Version 9 2 International Ornithologists Union Retrieved 24 June 2019 Gochfeld M Burger J Kirwan G M Garcia E F J Brown Noddy Anous stolidus In del Hoyo J Elliott A Sargatal J Christie D A de Juana E eds Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive Lynx Edicions Retrieved 17 April 2017 a b c Vanner Michael 2004 The Encyclopedia of North American Birds Bath England Parragon pp 164 ISBN 0 75258 734 X a b c d Hauber Mark E 1 August 2014 The Book of Eggs A Life Size Guide to the Eggs of Six Hundred of the World s Bird Species Chicago University of Chicago Press p 173 ISBN 978 0 226 05781 1 a b https sta uwi edu fst lifesciences sites default files lifesciences images Anous 20stolidus 20 20Brown 20Noddy 20or 20Common 20Noddy pdf bare URL PDF Sources edit National Geographic Field Guide to the Birds of North America ISBN 0 7922 6877 6 Harrison P Seabirds an Identification Guide 1983 ISBN 0 7470 1410 8 Sibley D A National Audubon Society The Sibley Guide to Birds ISBN 0 679 45122 6 Chardine J W and R D Morris 1996 Brown Noddy Anous stolidus In The Birds of North America No 220 A Poole and F Gill eds The Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia PA and The American Ornithologists Union Washington D C Brown William Yancey 1973 Breeding Biology of the Sooty Tern and Brown Noddy on Manana or Rabbit Island Hawaii Ph D Dissertation University of Hawaii 1 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anous stolidus nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Anous stolidus Xeno canto vocalization of the brown noddy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Brown noddy amp oldid 1192290485, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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