The common dace (Leuciscus leuciscus) is a species of freshwater and brackish water ray-finned fish from the familyCyprinidae which is native to Europe but which has been introduced to other parts of the world. It is a quarry species for coarse anglers.
The common dace differs from other members in the genusLeuciscus found in Europe by its inferior mouth, slightly longer upper jaw which has the tip of the upper lip level with the centre line of the eye and the lack of an obvious snout.[2] It has a yellowish iris and a body which is covered in large silvery scales, the lateral line having 49–52 scales. The anal fin has a concave margin and the caudal fin is forked.[3] The dorsal fin has 2–3 spines and 7–9 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 8–9 soft rays. The maximum size attained is a total length of 30 centimetres (12 in).[2]
Distributionedit
The common dace is native to Europe and northern Asia where its occurs in the basins of the North Sea, Baltic Sea, White Sea and Barents Sea. It also occurs in the basin of the Caspian Sea in the drainage systems of the Volga and Ural Rivers and in the Black Sea basin it is found in the Danube and the Dnieper. In France it occurs in the Seine River drainage and in the drainages of the Rhone and Arc which flow into the Mediterranean. In the Danube main river of Romania as well as in Scandinavia north of 69°N and most of central Finland this species has a localised distribution. The populations from Siberia and East Asia are normally assigned to Leuciscus baicalensis and Leuciscus dzungaricus.
This species has been widely introduced in areas of Europe where it did not previously occur. For example, it has become established in Ireland since the early 1900s, having been taken there as a bait fish to catch larger fish such as pike.[2] Following its introduction in Ireland, it has benefited from parasite release, meaning that with its introduction it has lost its normal set of parasites and might thus have a competitive advantage over native species.[4]
Habitat and biologyedit
The common dace is found in rivers and streams, sometime occurring in lakes or in the brackish water at the mouths of rivers.[3] It is a surface dwelling fish which gather in shoals of adults in the lower reaches of rivers and backwaters during the winter. Some adults remain upstream in the spawning grounds all winter as well. At spawning time, in March and April, they migrate up stream to lay their pale yellow eggs on shallow gravel beds in fast flowing streams, the eggs attach to gravel and stones. The juveniles hide among the cavities and roots in the bankside vegetation and as they mature they move into faster flowing water. The main food for common dace is small invertebrates.[2]
Anglingedit
The common dace is fished for by coarse anglers and the British rod caught record is 1.32 pounds (.599 kg).[5] In some parts of Europe it is eaten[2] but it is not highly regarded as a food fish.[6] It is used as bait by anglers[2] and that is thought to be the mechanism by which it was introduced to and spread in Ireland.[6]
^Freyhof, J. (2016) [errata version of 2011 assessment]. "Leuciscus leuciscus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T11887A97808936. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T11887A3312583.en. Retrieved 12 March 2020.|date= / |doi= mismatch
^ abcdefgFroese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Leuciscus leuciscus" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
^ abPeter S. Maitland (2000). Hamlyn Guide to Freshwater Fishes of Britain and Europe. Octopus Publishing Group. p. 124. ISBN0600596907.
^Tierney, P.A.; Caffrey, J.M.; Matthews, S.M.; Costantini, E.; Holland, C.V. (2020). "Evidence for enemy release in invasive common dace Leuciscus leuciscus in Ireland: a helminth community survey and systematic review". Journal of Helminthology. 94: e191. doi:10.1017/S0022149X20000759. PMID 32924909.
common, dace, common, dace, leuciscus, leuciscus, species, freshwater, brackish, water, finned, fish, from, family, cyprinidae, which, native, europe, which, been, introduced, other, parts, world, quarry, species, coarse, anglers, conservation, status, least, . The common dace Leuciscus leuciscus is a species of freshwater and brackish water ray finned fish from the family Cyprinidae which is native to Europe but which has been introduced to other parts of the world It is a quarry species for coarse anglers Common dace Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Cypriniformes Family Cyprinidae Subfamily Leuciscinae Genus Leuciscus Species L leuciscus Binomial name Leuciscus leuciscus Linnaeus 1758 Synonyms 2 Cyprinus leuciscus Linnaeus 1758 Cyprinus dobula Linnaeus 1758 Leuciscus dobula Linnaeus 1758 Cyprinus grislagine Linnaeus 1758 Cyprinus graining Walbaum 1792 Cyprinus squalus Walbaum 1792 Cyprinus umbra Walbaum 1792 Cyprinus lancastriensis Shaw 1804 Cyprinus simus Romer Buchner 1827 Leuciscus vulgaris Fleming 1828 Leuciscus argenteus Fitzinger 1832 Leuciscus rostratus Agassiz 1835 Leuciscus rodens Agassiz 1835 Leuciscus majalis Agassiz 1835 Cyprinus mugilis Vallot 1837 Leuciscus rostratus Valenciennes 1844 Leuciscus saltator Bonaparte 1846 Squalius lepusculus Heckel 1852 Squalius chalybeius Heckel 1852 Cyprinus salax Gronow 1854 Squalius mehdem Warpachowski 1897 Idus stagnalis Dubalen 1913 Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Habitat and biology 4 Angling 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksDescription editThe common dace differs from other members in the genus Leuciscus found in Europe by its inferior mouth slightly longer upper jaw which has the tip of the upper lip level with the centre line of the eye and the lack of an obvious snout 2 It has a yellowish iris and a body which is covered in large silvery scales the lateral line having 49 52 scales The anal fin has a concave margin and the caudal fin is forked 3 The dorsal fin has 2 3 spines and 7 9 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 8 9 soft rays The maximum size attained is a total length of 30 centimetres 12 in 2 Distribution editThe common dace is native to Europe and northern Asia where its occurs in the basins of the North Sea Baltic Sea White Sea and Barents Sea It also occurs in the basin of the Caspian Sea in the drainage systems of the Volga and Ural Rivers and in the Black Sea basin it is found in the Danube and the Dnieper In France it occurs in the Seine River drainage and in the drainages of the Rhone and Arc which flow into the Mediterranean In the Danube main river of Romania as well as in Scandinavia north of 69 N and most of central Finland this species has a localised distribution The populations from Siberia and East Asia are normally assigned to Leuciscus baicalensis and Leuciscus dzungaricus This species has been widely introduced in areas of Europe where it did not previously occur For example it has become established in Ireland since the early 1900s having been taken there as a bait fish to catch larger fish such as pike 2 Following its introduction in Ireland it has benefited from parasite release meaning that with its introduction it has lost its normal set of parasites and might thus have a competitive advantage over native species 4 Habitat and biology editThe common dace is found in rivers and streams sometime occurring in lakes or in the brackish water at the mouths of rivers 3 It is a surface dwelling fish which gather in shoals of adults in the lower reaches of rivers and backwaters during the winter Some adults remain upstream in the spawning grounds all winter as well At spawning time in March and April they migrate up stream to lay their pale yellow eggs on shallow gravel beds in fast flowing streams the eggs attach to gravel and stones The juveniles hide among the cavities and roots in the bankside vegetation and as they mature they move into faster flowing water The main food for common dace is small invertebrates 2 Angling editThe common dace is fished for by coarse anglers and the British rod caught record is 1 32 pounds 599 kg 5 In some parts of Europe it is eaten 2 but it is not highly regarded as a food fish 6 It is used as bait by anglers 2 and that is thought to be the mechanism by which it was introduced to and spread in Ireland 6 See also editFried dace with salted black beans made from a different fishReferences edit Freyhof J 2016 errata version of 2011 assessment Leuciscus leuciscus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011 e T11887A97808936 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2008 RLTS T11887A3312583 en Retrieved 12 March 2020 date doi mismatch a b c d e f g Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2019 Leuciscus leuciscus in FishBase December 2019 version a b Peter S Maitland 2000 Hamlyn Guide to Freshwater Fishes of Britain and Europe Octopus Publishing Group p 124 ISBN 0600596907 Tierney P A Caffrey J M Matthews S M Costantini E Holland C V 2020 Evidence for enemy release in invasive common dace Leuciscus leuciscus in Ireland a helminth community survey and systematic review Journal of Helminthology 94 e191 doi 10 1017 S0022149X20000759 PMID 32924909 British Record Rod Caught Fish Committee 19 July 2021 Coarse Fish Records as at July 2021 PDF anglingtrust net a b Leuciscus leuciscus Dace Deas National Biodiversity Data Centre Retrieved 12 March 2020 External links edit nbsp Media related to Common dace at Wikimedia Commons dace leuciscus leuciscus Dace Leuciscus leuciscus media from ARKive nbsp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Common dace amp oldid 1154881755, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
