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EA Sports College Football

EA Sports College Football is an American football video game series developed by EA Sports in which players control and compete against current Division I FBS college teams. It served as a college football counterpart to the Madden NFL series. The series began in 1993 with the release of Bill Walsh College Football. EA eventually acquired the licensing rights to the NCAA name and officially rechristened the series with the release of NCAA Football 98.

In July 2013, the NCAA announced that it would not renew its licensing contract with Electronic Arts because of an ongoing legal dispute regarding the use of player likenesses in the games. However, this contract only covered the use of the NCAA name and related logos, not those of individual schools and conferences, which are negotiated individually or through the Collegiate Licensing Company. The CLC concurrently announced that it would extend its existing licensing deal with EA through 2017, ensuring that EA Sports could continue the series without the NCAA branding and EA made plans to continue the series under the old College Football name.[1][2] However, the series was placed on hiatus in September 2013, following three major conferences pulling their trademark licenses from EA, and uncertainties surrounding the results of lawsuits involving the use of player likenesses in-game.[3]

In February 2021, Electronic Arts announced that the series would be returning for next-gen platforms no earlier than summer 2023.[4][5][6] During an interview with ESPN.com in November 2022, an EA Sports executive revealed that the game would be released in mid-2024 "because of the enormous undertaking of creating the game from scratch".[7]

Yearly releases (1993–2014) edit

Bill Walsh College Football edit

Bill Walsh College Football was released in June 1993 on 4th generation video game consoles, such as the Sega Genesis.

Bill Walsh College Football featured the top 24 college football teams from 1992 and 24 of the all-time greatest teams since 1978. While no actual players were named and no official team logos used, colleges were listed by city and players identified by number. Play modes include exhibition, playoffs, and all-time playoffs. Sixty-eight classic college plays were available, including the triple option, student body, and wishbone.

Other options and features include automatic or manual-pass catch mode, audible, reverse angle replay, onside kicks, four weather conditions (fair, windy, rain, and snow), three different quarter lengths (5, 10, and 15 minutes), and a hurry-up offense.

The Bill Walsh endorsement was meant to parallel John Madden's endorsement of Madden NFL; Walsh at the time was head coach of the Stanford Cardinal football team.

Bill Walsh College Football '95 edit

Bill Walsh College Football '95 was the second installment of the college football franchise and the first to have a year.

The game featured 36 Division I-A teams, a windowless passing mode, customizable seasons from one to sixteen weeks, and complete statistical tracking throughout the season. Players could choose either a playoff system or bowl games with fictional names: Maple Bowl, Palm Bowl, Pecan Bowl, and Redwood Bowl.

Bill Walsh College Football 95 also provided 36 new plays and formations including the Wishbone, Veer, Tee Offense, and 4-4 D.

College Football USA 96 edit

The series was renamed College Football USA 96, and was the first version to feature all (108 at the time) Division l-A teams. It was also the first in the series to feature real bowl games (Orange, Sugar, Fiesta, and Rose). Players could play an entire 11-game season (or shorter if desired) before advancing to one of the bowl games.

There were 400 plays from which to choose, and a new passing mode allowed players to select from five receivers on every play. Other new features and options included the following: four-player mode, three different game lengths, substitutions, injuries, audible, fake snaps, spins, hurdles, dives, blocked kicks, interceptions, and laterals

College Football USA 97 edit

College Football USA 97 was the fourth installment of the series. While the game was published for the Genesis by EA Sports as usual, the Super NES version was instead published by THQ.[8] The game featured University of Nebraska quarterback Tommie Frazier on the cover.

NCAA Football 98 edit

NCAA Football 98 was released in 1997. The game featured University of Florida quarterback and Heisman Trophy winner Danny Wuerffel on the cover.

NCAA Football 99 edit

NCAA Football 99 was the sixth edition of the game. The game featured University of Michigan cornerback and Heisman Trophy winner Charles Woodson on the cover. Its tagline read Desire+Pride=Victory!.

The game featured all 112 Division I-A teams at the time and also featured 3D, polygon-rendered players for the first time in the franchise's history. Additional features included the ability to create players, edit player names, sixty fight songs and crowd chants. Over eighty historical teams were added to the game, as well. The Heisman Memorial Trophy replaces the 'EA Sports MVP" trophy and other awards are given out. Recruiting is simple and done in a serpentine draft system. The Rose Bowl, Cotton Bowl, Fiesta Bowl and Sugar Bowl are now playable, and the other Bowls played have EA Sports as the sponsor. Created players from this game can be imported to the title Madden NFL 99. It featured no commentary by booth announcers; instead a PA announcer provides the commentary. Unlike the current games in this franchise, NCAA 99 featured an optional 16 team playoff at the end of the season in dynasty mode.

NCAA Football 2000 edit

NCAA Football 2000, released only for the PlayStation, featured University of Texas running back and Heisman Trophy winner Ricky Williams on the cover.

The game included all 114 Division I-A schools and 26 from Division I-AA. It also featured new 3D polygon-rendered players, which are fully displayed in multiple camera angles during gameplay.

Other notable additions include coaching tips, 23 bowls (up from four), the ability to edit new plays, and the official Heisman Trophy award.

NCAA Football 2001 edit

NCAA Football 2001, released only for the PlayStation, featured University of Alabama running back Shaun Alexander on the cover.

This version included Create-a-player, Create-a-school, Custom League (up to eight teams, double round-robin, plus playoff), Custom Tournament (up to 16 teams, double elimination), as well as fully customizable Season/Dynasty schedules. This was also the final installment which offered a playoff at the end of the season in dynasty mode (24 teams).

NCAA Football 2002 edit

NCAA Football 2002, released only for the PlayStation 2, featured Florida State quarterback and Heisman Trophy winner Chris Weinke on the cover.

This was the first version released for PlayStation 2; it lacked features (such as Custom League, Custom Tournament, and Create-a-school) that were present in the previous year's PlayStation edition.

The game featured a new Campus Cards rewards system, which allowed players to unlock special features in the game such as historical teams or special stadiums. It was also the first entry in the season to rank the top 25 teams in the nation.

NCAA Football 2003 edit

NCAA Football 2003, released for the PlayStation 2, GameCube, and Xbox, featured University of Oregon quarterback Joey Harrington on the cover.

New features in this version included over 200 licensed fight songs, 3D cheerleaders and 144 different schools.

Dynasty mode was enhanced with the ability to redshirt a player and schedule non-conference games before each season. Trophies and awards, modeled after real-life college football awards, was another feature new to this version. Players could win trophies by playing games and could add them to a personal collection which is shown off in a trophy room. These awards include the Heisman, Coach of the Year and Bowl-specific trophies. The game featured 23 different rivalry trophies that were created to represent their real-life counterparts.

Create-A-School mode returned in this edition of the game after being absent from the previous year. The game also featured a customizable interface for the first time. Player could choose their favorite teams and the game interface would be based around the team's fight song, mascot, logos and school colors.

NCAA Football 2004 edit

NCAA Football 2004, released for the PlayStation 2, GameCube, and Xbox, featured University of Southern California quarterback and Heisman Trophy winner Carson Palmer on the cover.

This edition featured the return of gameplay modes seen in previous versions such as Dynasty Mode.

The College Classics mode was introduced in this version and allowed players to replay classic games in college football history. New tackling animations and more realistic zone defenses were also included.

NCAA Football 2005 edit

NCAA Football 2005, the last game in the series to have the full year on the cover and released for the PlayStation 2, GameCube, and Xbox, featured University of Pittsburgh wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald on the cover.

This version introduced more fan interaction in the game. The home team's defense can incite the crowd to make noise, making it difficult for the offense to hear the quarterback's audibles. This feature, dubbed "home field advantage", allowed stadium influence and energy to swing a game's momentum if strong enough. The game ranked the "Top 25 Toughest Places to Play", which included famous stadiums such as Florida's "Swamp" and LSU's "Death Valley", where this feature would be felt more strongly.

The new "Match-Up Stick" feature allowed players to match up more experienced and skilled players on younger, less-talented ones to exploit matchup problems.

All Division I-A schools were included in the game along with more than 70 I-AA schools. Signature fan celebrations, such as the "Gator Chomp" and "Texas Hook 'Em Horns" were included.

NCAA Football 06 edit

NCAA Football 06 has features that include the Dynasty mode, wherein the player act as a team's head coach, both on and off the field. Aside from weekly games, the player also controls recruiting freshman for the next year's season; new to the 2006 version is in-season recruiting.

Another new feature in the 2006 game is the Race for the Heisman mode, in which the player takes on the role of a single player attempting to win the Heisman Trophy. Race for the Heisman begins with the user selecting which position they want their character to be. The player then completes a workout for college scouts and you are offered scholarships to three different schools. The quality of football programs that offer scholarships depends on how well the player did in the workout. The player can either choose to accept one of the scholarships or walk on at any Division I school. After selecting what school to play for the player is automatically placed in the starting line up. Year after year the player's attributes increase depending on the previous seasons performance with the ultimate goal of winning the Heisman trophy.

Desmond Howard, a Heisman-winning player from the University of Michigan, is on the cover. This is a slight break in tradition as the NCAA Football series traditionally featured an NFL rookie on the cover of the game, with an action shot of him wearing his college jersey from the previous year. The game was released for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox.

NCAA Football 07 edit

NCAA Football 07 was released on July 18, 2006, and was the series' first release on both the Xbox 360 and PSP. University of Southern California running back and Heisman Trophy winner Reggie Bush is featured on the game's cover.[1] FCS teams were not featured on next gen consoles, but were available still on previous gen consoles.

This version of the game utilized a feature called Turn the Tide, which consisted of a momentum meter on the score graphic at the top or bottom of the screen. A boost in momentum for a team would increase the performance of all players and boost their attributes by a varying amount.

This version also included spring drills, an update to the Race for the Heisman mode called Campus Legend (which plays more like NFL Superstar mode in Madden), ESPN integration, and a spring game in Dynasty and Campus Legend modes.

NCAA Football 08 edit

NCAA Football 08 was released on July 17, 2007. The cover athlete is Boise State University quarterback Jared Zabransky.

Some of the new features for this version include Leadership Control, which allows players who perform well to "lead by example" and control the action on the field and increase their sphere of influence by improving their players' personal ratings on each big play. The game also features a new and deeper recruiting system and an all-new Campus Legend mode. This was the first version of the game released on the PlayStation 3.

NCAA Football 09 edit

NCAA Football 09 was released July 15, 2008. It was released on all 7th generation consoles, including, for the first and only time, the Wii.[9] The covers featured the following college football figures:

NCAA Football 10 edit

NCAA Football 10 was released on July 14, 2009. The covers feature the following former college players:

The game added Teambuilder, a feature accessed by the EA Sports Teambuilder website. This would be the replacement for Create-A-School. Teambuilder's website was an online accessible mode, where teams that were made via the site could be downloaded by other users.

NCAA Football 11 edit

NCAA Football 11 was released on July 13, 2010. It was released on all next generation consoles, with the exception of the Wii. The cover athlete for all three versions is former Florida quarterback Tim Tebow.

This was the last version of the game released for the PlayStation 2, and the only version released for iOS.[citation needed]

NCAA Football 12 edit

NCAA Football 12 was released on July 12, 2011 on PS3 and Xbox 360. The cover athlete was Heisman Trophy winner Mark Ingram II of the University of Alabama.

NCAA Football 13 edit

NCAA Football 13 was released on July 10, 2012. The game's cover features Heisman Trophy winner Robert Griffin III of Baylor, along with another Heisman winner (Barry Sanders from Oklahoma State), who was decided by fan voting. Sanders was picked over Marcus Allen, Doug Flutie, Desmond Howard, Charlie Ward, Andre Ware, Eddie George, and Herschel Walker during the voting process.

NCAA Football 14 edit

NCAA Football 14, the final installment in the series, was released on July 9, 2013. The game's cover features former Michigan quarterback Denard Robinson, who was decided by fan voting. Robinson was picked over Eddie Lacy, Kenjon Barner, Jarvis Jones, EJ Manuel, Ryan Swope, John Simon, and Tyler Eifert during the voting process.

Cover athletes edit

List of Standard Cover Star
Game Cover Star
Name Team Position
Bill Walsh College Football ('94) Bill Walsh Stanford Head coach
Bill Walsh College Football '95
College Football USA 96 Generic wide receiver Kansas State Wide receiver
Generic running back Michigan Running back
Generic player head Florida State Helmet
Tommy Trojan USC Mascot
University of Wisconsin Marching Band Wisconsin Marching band member
College Football USA 97 Tommie Frazier Nebraska Quarterback
NCAA Football 98 Danny Wuerffel Florida
NCAA Football 99 Charles Woodson Michigan Cornerback
NCAA Football 2000 Ricky Williams Texas Running back
NCAA Football 2001 Shaun Alexander Alabama
NCAA Football 2002 Chris Weinke Florida State Quarterback
NCAA Football 2003 Joey Harrington Oregon
NCAA Football 2004 Carson Palmer USC
NCAA Football 2005 Larry Fitzgerald Pittsburgh Wide receiver
NCAA Football 06 Desmond Howard Michigan
NCAA Football 07 Reggie Bush USC Running back
NCAA Football 08 Jared Zabransky Boise State Quarterback
NCAA Football 09 DeSean Jackson (PS2) California Wide receiver
Matt Ryan (PS3) Boston College Quarterback
Owen Schmitt (PSP) West Virginia Fullback
Sparty (Wii) Michigan State Mascot
Darren McFadden (Xbox 360) Arkansas Running back
NCAA Football 10 Brian Orakpo (PS2) Texas Linebacker
Brian Johnson (PS3) Utah Quarterback
Mark Sanchez (PSP) USC
Michael Crabtree (Xbox 360) Texas Tech Wide receiver
NCAA Football 11 Tim Tebow Florida Quarterback
NCAA Football 12 Mark Ingram II Alabama Running back
NCAA Football 13 Robert Griffin III Baylor Quarterback
Barry Sanders Oklahoma State Running back
NCAA Football 14 Denard Robinson Michigan Quarterback

Future of the series edit

Due to recent legal disputes between the association, Electronic Arts, college athletes, and others regarding the usage of college athletes' likenesses in video games (which is currently barred by the NCAA because of the concept of sport amateurism), they would not renew their licensing deal with EA. However, the expiration of the license only affects the use of the NCAA's trademarks in the games; teams and other events are licensed from schools individually or through organizations such as the Collegiate Licensing Company—who announced on the same day that they would extend its own licensing deal with EA through 2017. As such, EA ensured that with these existing deals in place, it would still be able to produce future versions of the franchise without the NCAA license (as it did prior to 1997); EA Sports' executive vice president Andrew Wilson announced that the next edition of the franchise was already in development, and would "[still] feature the college teams, leagues, and all the innovation fans expect from EA Sports."[1][10][11]

However, after the SEC, Big Ten, and Pac-12 conferences announced that they would not license their trademarks to EA, the company announced on September 26, 2013 that it would not make a college football game for 2014.[3][12] EA had plans to continue the series with a focus on user-generated content under the old College Football name, but the planned game was eventually canceled.[2]

As of 2021, the series has not returned, although Oregon and Texas licensed their team names for the story mode in Madden NFL 18.[13] Madden NFL 20 includes 10 licensed college teams for its new career storyline QB1: Face of the Franchise.[14]

NCAA Football 14, the last edition of the game, continues to be played by fans, including actual college football players. Unofficial updates have been released to reflect current rosters.[15] On October 29, 2019 the NCAA's board of governors voted unanimously to institute new rules allowing student athletes to profit from the use of their name, image, and likeness.[16] The changes are set to take effect no later than January 2021.[17] This development has caused many to speculate that a new NCAA Football game will be released in the near future.[18]

EA Sports College Football 25 edit

On February 2, 2021, EA Sports announced that the series NCAA Football would return under the name EA Sports College Football, stating on Twitter, "For those who never stopped believing...College Football is coming back."[19] They also released a statement on their website announcing that they had garnered and are utilizing a partnership with the Collegiate Licensing Company, an NCAA licensing group, to bring uniforms, stadiums, traditions and more from over 100 NCAA-affiliated sports teams. Player names and likenesses will not be included in the game.[20][21] The deal will mean that teams not a part of the CLC will not be in the game such as Air Force, Army, Georgia State, Kentucky, New Mexico, Notre Dame, Troy and USC.[22] On February 23, 2021 it was reported that Notre Dame will join the game if new rules that determine whether athletes will be able to receive a cut of the game's profits are finalized.[23] Following similar statements from Tulane and Northwestern,[24] EA Sports responded by stating "player name, image and likeness is not currently planned for the game. However, we are watching the developments in this area closely and are prepared to take steps to include players should that opportunity arise."[25] The NCAA has delayed and not voted on the NIL rule as of now, but over two dozen states have either passed or proposed laws so that institutions can't enforce the NCAA's current NIL rules. EA Sports has been watching the development of the game closely and will release more information on the development and future of the franchise when they can.[26]

The game, which was not under development prior to EA Sports' announcement of the new title, will be developed in Orlando, Florida by EA Tiburon.[27] The company claimed that a revival of the NCAA Football franchise was one of their most requested games as of the time of their announcement of EA Sports College Football, and The Motley Fool projects that College Football sales could rival those of that year's Madden release.[28] However, doubts have been raised as to whether or not the game's reception will exceed that of recent Madden releases, which are held in low regard by the Madden gaming community.[29]

On November 22, 2022, in an interview with ESPN.com's Michael Rothstein, EA Sports vice president and general manager Daryl Holt stated that Electronic Arts would release the game sometime in summer 2024. "That's the best date for us to bring the game that we think is going to meet or exceed our player expectations...and cover the breadth and scale of what we want in the game. We're trying to build a very immersive college football experience," Holt said.[30]

In February 2024, EA announced the next game in the series as EA Sports College Football 25, promising more details would be revealed in May 2024.[31]

Player names edit

Players' real names and specific likenesses were not used in the game, while the Madden NFL series does use real player names and likenesses, compensated for the use of their image. Due to current NCAA restrictions on the amateur status of athletes, names were not allowed. Additionally, current college players could not be used as cover athletes. Instead, each cover featured a player whose college eligibility ended the season before the game's release, wearing his former college uniform. The only two exceptions have been the Wii version of NCAA Football 09, which featured Sparty, the mascot of Michigan State University, on the cover, and NCAA Football 06 when Desmond Howard was featured on the cover striking the Heisman Trophy pose during his career at Michigan, despite not having played for Michigan for more than 15 years.

Although EA Sports does not claim that the players in the game represent real life players, the jersey number, position, height, weight, home state, and ethnicity are aligned with the real players. Fans of any particular team are sure to recognize their favorite players (for example, in NCAA Football 14, Florida State QB #5 would correspond to Jameis Winston). Actual usage of a player's real name would be in violation of the NCAA's policy regarding student athletes. Amateur "roster makers" will often manually associate player names and will upload a roster file to the built-in roster sharing system. As of NCAA Football 09, EA has put in the EA Locker feature which allows remote roster sharing online through either Xbox Live or PlayStation Network depending on the console. Due to new NIL Rules players will be able to have their names in the game. Though some players might not allow the use of their name or demand payment to be put into the game.

Soundtracks edit

Prior to the release of NCAA Football 06, the only music featured in the game were fight songs of most FBS and FCS colleges featured in the game. These would play at random, however the user-selected "favorite team" would always have their fight song played first whenever the game was first started.

NCAA Football 06 was the first and only entry in the series to include licensed music to keep the series in uniform with other EA Sports releases of the time, such as Madden NFL and the NHL series.

NCAA Football 07 returned to the fight song only format.

NCAA Football 08 added a cinematic theme song to the main menu, with fight songs playing during Dynasty Mode.

NCAA Football 09 allows a new custom stadium sounds feature allowing users to edit what sounds are heard at specific stadiums during events within the game, such as a touchdown, field goal, or timeout. Fans of the teams can now create an authentic experience in each stadium by using copyrighted songs that EA is not allowed to put into the game.

NCAA Football 10 plays ”Tick Tick Boom” by The Hives in the introduction only.

NCAA Football 11 uses the music that is used in ESPN College Football coverage.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Schrotenboer, Brent (July 19, 2013). "EA Sports re-ups on college football after NCAA snub". USA Today. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  2. ^ a b Good, Owen S. (October 25, 2019). "Here is EA Sports' plan for its canceled NCAA Football game". Polygon. Vox Media. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
  3. ^ a b Eder, Steve (September 26, 2013). "E.A. Sports Settles Lawsuit With College Athletes". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  4. ^ Makuch, Eddie (February 2, 2021). "EA Is Reviving Its College Football Series For PS5 And Xbox Series X, But No Player Names Or Likenesses". GameSpot. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
  5. ^ "EA Sports Resurrecting College Football Video Game Series".
  6. ^ "EA Sports is bringing college football back on next-gen consoles". 2 February 2021.
  7. ^ "EA Sports to launch college football game in '24". 22 November 2022.
  8. ^ "16-Bit's Last Stand". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 89. Ziff Davis. December 1996. p. 179.
  9. ^ Wii NCAA Football 09 confirmed and cover mascot challenge begins | pastapadre.com
  10. ^ Good, Owen (July 21, 2013). "EA Sports Didn't Need the NCAA's Logo, and Maybe It Didn't Want It". Kotaku. G/O Media. Retrieved July 22, 2013.
  11. ^ Goldfarb, Andrew (July 17, 2013). "NCAA Will Not Renew WA Sports Contract". IGN. Retrieved July 17, 2013.
  12. ^ Pereira, Chris (August 14, 2013). "EA's College Football Games Lose the SEC Branding". IGN. Retrieved August 15, 2013.
  13. ^ Wiedey, Bryan (July 10, 2018). "'NCAA Football': Why video game series hasn't returned five years after last release". Sporting News Media. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  14. ^ Good, Owen S. (2019-04-25). "Madden NFL 20 brings back NCAA Football teams for new career mode". Polygon. Retrieved 2019-04-26.
  15. ^ Scarborough, Alex (July 12, 2018). "'A labor of love' keeps NCAA Football video game alive". ESPN. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  16. ^ Witz, Billy, "N.C.A.A. Considers Loosening Rules for Athletes Seeking Outside Deals", The New York Times, October 29, 2019.
  17. ^ Potter, Andrew Joe, "NCAA opens door for athletes to profit from name, image, likeness", theScore.com, October 29, 2019.
  18. ^ Al-Khateeb, Zac, "'NCAA Football' fans freaking out over potential return of beloved video game franchise", Sporting News, October 29, 2019.
  19. ^ "For those who never stopped believing..." Twitter. February 2, 2021. Retrieved February 3, 2021.
  20. ^ Arts, Electronic (2021-02-02). "Electronic Arts & CLC to bring back college football video games". Electronic Arts Inc. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
  21. ^ Kramer, Adam. "Despite the Unknowns, College Football's Video Game Return Is a Win for All". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
  22. ^ "Kentucky may not be in EA Sports' new college football game | Kentucky Sports Radio". 2021-02-23. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  23. ^ "ND opts out of EA Sports game for now, cites NIL". ESPN.com. 2021-02-22. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
  24. ^ "Another School Is Pulling Out Of EA Sports' College Football Game". The Spun. 2021-02-28. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  25. ^ Straw, Michael (2021-03-02). "EA Sports College Football Addresses Licensing Concerns - SGO". Sports Gamers Online. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  26. ^ "EA Sports To Bring Back College Football Game; No Plans For Players' Names, Images, Likenesses". 2021-02-02. Retrieved 2021-03-07.
  27. ^ Fuller, Austin (9 February 2021). "EA Sports College Football will be built in Orlando, perhaps bringing more jobs". orlandosentinel.com. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
  28. ^ Ballard, John (2021-02-09). "Why Electronic Arts' Return to College Football Is a Big Deal". The Motley Fool. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
  29. ^ "EA Sports College Football Needs to Avoid One Costly Sports Game Mistake". Game Rant. 2021-02-09. Retrieved 2021-02-10.
  30. ^ "EA Sports to launch college football game in '24". 22 November 2022.
  31. ^ Arts, Electronic (2024-02-15). "EA SPORTS College Football 25: Yeah, It's Really Happening". Electronic Arts Inc. Retrieved 2024-02-15.

External links edit

  • (archived, 4 Apr 2014)

sports, college, football, american, football, video, game, series, developed, sports, which, players, control, compete, against, current, division, college, teams, served, college, football, counterpart, madden, series, series, began, 1993, with, release, bil. EA Sports College Football is an American football video game series developed by EA Sports in which players control and compete against current Division I FBS college teams It served as a college football counterpart to the Madden NFL series The series began in 1993 with the release of Bill Walsh College Football EA eventually acquired the licensing rights to the NCAA name and officially rechristened the series with the release of NCAA Football 98 EA Sports College FootballGenre s Sports American football Developer s EA SportsPublisher s Electronic ArtsPlatform s Super Nintendo Entertainment System Sega Genesis Sega CD PlayStation Windows PlayStation 2 Xbox GameCube Xbox 360 PlayStation Portable PlayStation 3 Wii iOSFirst releaseBill Walsh College FootballJune 1993Latest releaseNCAA Football 14July 9 2013 In July 2013 the NCAA announced that it would not renew its licensing contract with Electronic Arts because of an ongoing legal dispute regarding the use of player likenesses in the games However this contract only covered the use of the NCAA name and related logos not those of individual schools and conferences which are negotiated individually or through the Collegiate Licensing Company The CLC concurrently announced that it would extend its existing licensing deal with EA through 2017 ensuring that EA Sports could continue the series without the NCAA branding and EA made plans to continue the series under the old College Football name 1 2 However the series was placed on hiatus in September 2013 following three major conferences pulling their trademark licenses from EA and uncertainties surrounding the results of lawsuits involving the use of player likenesses in game 3 In February 2021 Electronic Arts announced that the series would be returning for next gen platforms no earlier than summer 2023 4 5 6 During an interview with ESPN com in November 2022 an EA Sports executive revealed that the game would be released in mid 2024 because of the enormous undertaking of creating the game from scratch 7 Contents 1 Yearly releases 1993 2014 1 1 Bill Walsh College Football 1 2 Bill Walsh College Football 95 1 3 College Football USA 96 1 4 College Football USA 97 1 5 NCAA Football 98 1 6 NCAA Football 99 1 7 NCAA Football 2000 1 8 NCAA Football 2001 1 9 NCAA Football 2002 1 10 NCAA Football 2003 1 11 NCAA Football 2004 1 12 NCAA Football 2005 1 13 NCAA Football 06 1 14 NCAA Football 07 1 15 NCAA Football 08 1 16 NCAA Football 09 1 17 NCAA Football 10 1 18 NCAA Football 11 1 19 NCAA Football 12 1 20 NCAA Football 13 1 21 NCAA Football 14 2 Cover athletes 3 Future of the series 3 1 EA Sports College Football 25 4 Player names 5 Soundtracks 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksYearly releases 1993 2014 editBill Walsh College Football edit Main article Bill Walsh College Football Bill Walsh College Football was released in June 1993 on 4th generation video game consoles such as the Sega Genesis Bill Walsh College Football featured the top 24 college football teams from 1992 and 24 of the all time greatest teams since 1978 While no actual players were named and no official team logos used colleges were listed by city and players identified by number Play modes include exhibition playoffs and all time playoffs Sixty eight classic college plays were available including the triple option student body and wishbone Other options and features include automatic or manual pass catch mode audible reverse angle replay onside kicks four weather conditions fair windy rain and snow three different quarter lengths 5 10 and 15 minutes and a hurry up offense The Bill Walsh endorsement was meant to parallel John Madden s endorsement of Madden NFL Walsh at the time was head coach of the Stanford Cardinal football team Bill Walsh College Football 95 edit Main article Bill Walsh College Football 95 Bill Walsh College Football 95 was the second installment of the college football franchise and the first to have a year The game featured 36 Division I A teams a windowless passing mode customizable seasons from one to sixteen weeks and complete statistical tracking throughout the season Players could choose either a playoff system or bowl games with fictional names Maple Bowl Palm Bowl Pecan Bowl and Redwood Bowl Bill Walsh College Football 95 also provided 36 new plays and formations including the Wishbone Veer Tee Offense and 4 4 D College Football USA 96 edit Main article College Football USA 96 The series was renamed College Football USA 96 and was the first version to feature all 108 at the time Division l A teams It was also the first in the series to feature real bowl games Orange Sugar Fiesta and Rose Players could play an entire 11 game season or shorter if desired before advancing to one of the bowl games There were 400 plays from which to choose and a new passing mode allowed players to select from five receivers on every play Other new features and options included the following four player mode three different game lengths substitutions injuries audible fake snaps spins hurdles dives blocked kicks interceptions and laterals College Football USA 97 edit Main article College Football USA 97 College Football USA 97 was the fourth installment of the series While the game was published for the Genesis by EA Sports as usual the Super NES version was instead published by THQ 8 The game featured University of Nebraska quarterback Tommie Frazier on the cover NCAA Football 98 edit Main article NCAA Football 98 NCAA Football 98 was released in 1997 The game featured University of Florida quarterback and Heisman Trophy winner Danny Wuerffel on the cover NCAA Football 99 edit Main article NCAA Football 99 NCAA Football 99 was the sixth edition of the game The game featured University of Michigan cornerback and Heisman Trophy winner Charles Woodson on the cover Its tagline read Desire Pride Victory The game featured all 112 Division I A teams at the time and also featured 3D polygon rendered players for the first time in the franchise s history Additional features included the ability to create players edit player names sixty fight songs and crowd chants Over eighty historical teams were added to the game as well The Heisman Memorial Trophy replaces the EA Sports MVP trophy and other awards are given out Recruiting is simple and done in a serpentine draft system The Rose Bowl Cotton Bowl Fiesta Bowl and Sugar Bowl are now playable and the other Bowls played have EA Sports as the sponsor Created players from this game can be imported to the title Madden NFL 99 It featured no commentary by booth announcers instead a PA announcer provides the commentary Unlike the current games in this franchise NCAA 99 featured an optional 16 team playoff at the end of the season in dynasty mode NCAA Football 2000 edit Main article NCAA Football 2000 NCAA Football 2000 released only for the PlayStation featured University of Texas running back and Heisman Trophy winner Ricky Williams on the cover The game included all 114 Division I A schools and 26 from Division I AA It also featured new 3D polygon rendered players which are fully displayed in multiple camera angles during gameplay Other notable additions include coaching tips 23 bowls up from four the ability to edit new plays and the official Heisman Trophy award NCAA Football 2001 edit Main article NCAA Football 2001 NCAA Football 2001 released only for the PlayStation featured University of Alabama running back Shaun Alexander on the cover This version included Create a player Create a school Custom League up to eight teams double round robin plus playoff Custom Tournament up to 16 teams double elimination as well as fully customizable Season Dynasty schedules This was also the final installment which offered a playoff at the end of the season in dynasty mode 24 teams NCAA Football 2002 edit Main article NCAA Football 2002 NCAA Football 2002 released only for the PlayStation 2 featured Florida State quarterback and Heisman Trophy winner Chris Weinke on the cover This was the first version released for PlayStation 2 it lacked features such as Custom League Custom Tournament and Create a school that were present in the previous year s PlayStation edition The game featured a new Campus Cards rewards system which allowed players to unlock special features in the game such as historical teams or special stadiums It was also the first entry in the season to rank the top 25 teams in the nation NCAA Football 2003 edit Main article NCAA Football 2003 NCAA Football 2003 released for the PlayStation 2 GameCube and Xbox featured University of Oregon quarterback Joey Harrington on the cover New features in this version included over 200 licensed fight songs 3D cheerleaders and 144 different schools Dynasty mode was enhanced with the ability to redshirt a player and schedule non conference games before each season Trophies and awards modeled after real life college football awards was another feature new to this version Players could win trophies by playing games and could add them to a personal collection which is shown off in a trophy room These awards include the Heisman Coach of the Year and Bowl specific trophies The game featured 23 different rivalry trophies that were created to represent their real life counterparts Create A School mode returned in this edition of the game after being absent from the previous year The game also featured a customizable interface for the first time Player could choose their favorite teams and the game interface would be based around the team s fight song mascot logos and school colors NCAA Football 2004 edit Main article NCAA Football 2004 NCAA Football 2004 released for the PlayStation 2 GameCube and Xbox featured University of Southern California quarterback and Heisman Trophy winner Carson Palmer on the cover This edition featured the return of gameplay modes seen in previous versions such as Dynasty Mode The College Classics mode was introduced in this version and allowed players to replay classic games in college football history New tackling animations and more realistic zone defenses were also included NCAA Football 2005 edit Main article NCAA Football 2005 NCAA Football 2005 the last game in the series to have the full year on the cover and released for the PlayStation 2 GameCube and Xbox featured University of Pittsburgh wide receiver Larry Fitzgerald on the cover This version introduced more fan interaction in the game The home team s defense can incite the crowd to make noise making it difficult for the offense to hear the quarterback s audibles This feature dubbed home field advantage allowed stadium influence and energy to swing a game s momentum if strong enough The game ranked the Top 25 Toughest Places to Play which included famous stadiums such as Florida s Swamp and LSU s Death Valley where this feature would be felt more strongly The new Match Up Stick feature allowed players to match up more experienced and skilled players on younger less talented ones to exploit matchup problems All Division I A schools were included in the game along with more than 70 I AA schools Signature fan celebrations such as the Gator Chomp and Texas Hook Em Horns were included NCAA Football 06 edit Main article NCAA Football 06 NCAA Football 06 has features that include the Dynasty mode wherein the player act as a team s head coach both on and off the field Aside from weekly games the player also controls recruiting freshman for the next year s season new to the 2006 version is in season recruiting Another new feature in the 2006 game is the Race for the Heisman mode in which the player takes on the role of a single player attempting to win the Heisman Trophy Race for the Heisman begins with the user selecting which position they want their character to be The player then completes a workout for college scouts and you are offered scholarships to three different schools The quality of football programs that offer scholarships depends on how well the player did in the workout The player can either choose to accept one of the scholarships or walk on at any Division I school After selecting what school to play for the player is automatically placed in the starting line up Year after year the player s attributes increase depending on the previous seasons performance with the ultimate goal of winning the Heisman trophy Desmond Howard a Heisman winning player from the University of Michigan is on the cover This is a slight break in tradition as the NCAA Football series traditionally featured an NFL rookie on the cover of the game with an action shot of him wearing his college jersey from the previous year The game was released for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox NCAA Football 07 edit Main article NCAA Football 07 NCAA Football 07 was released on July 18 2006 and was the series first release on both the Xbox 360 and PSP University of Southern California running back and Heisman Trophy winner Reggie Bush is featured on the game s cover 1 FCS teams were not featured on next gen consoles but were available still on previous gen consoles This version of the game utilized a feature called Turn the Tide which consisted of a momentum meter on the score graphic at the top or bottom of the screen A boost in momentum for a team would increase the performance of all players and boost their attributes by a varying amount This version also included spring drills an update to the Race for the Heisman mode called Campus Legend which plays more like NFL Superstar mode in Madden ESPN integration and a spring game in Dynasty and Campus Legend modes NCAA Football 08 edit Main article NCAA Football 08 NCAA Football 08 was released on July 17 2007 The cover athlete is Boise State University quarterback Jared Zabransky Some of the new features for this version include Leadership Control which allows players who perform well to lead by example and control the action on the field and increase their sphere of influence by improving their players personal ratings on each big play The game also features a new and deeper recruiting system and an all new Campus Legend mode This was the first version of the game released on the PlayStation 3 NCAA Football 09 edit Main article NCAA Football 09 NCAA Football 09 was released July 15 2008 It was released on all 7th generation consoles including for the first and only time the Wii 9 The covers featured the following college football figures PlayStation 2 DeSean Jackson wide receiver return specialist California PlayStation 3 Matt Ryan quarterback Boston College PSP Owen Schmitt fullback West Virginia Wii Sparty mascot Michigan State Xbox 360 Darren McFadden running back Arkansas NCAA Football 10 edit Main article NCAA Football 10 NCAA Football 10 was released on July 14 2009 The covers feature the following former college players PlayStation 2 Brian Orakpo defensive end linebacker Texas PlayStation 3 Brian Johnson quarterback Utah PSP Mark Sanchez quarterback USC Xbox 360 Michael Crabtree wide receiver Texas Tech The game added Teambuilder a feature accessed by the EA Sports Teambuilder website This would be the replacement for Create A School Teambuilder s website was an online accessible mode where teams that were made via the site could be downloaded by other users NCAA Football 11 edit Main article NCAA Football 11 NCAA Football 11 was released on July 13 2010 It was released on all next generation consoles with the exception of the Wii The cover athlete for all three versions is former Florida quarterback Tim Tebow This was the last version of the game released for the PlayStation 2 and the only version released for iOS citation needed NCAA Football 12 edit Main article NCAA Football 12 NCAA Football 12 was released on July 12 2011 on PS3 and Xbox 360 The cover athlete was Heisman Trophy winner Mark Ingram II of the University of Alabama NCAA Football 13 edit Main article NCAA Football 13 NCAA Football 13 was released on July 10 2012 The game s cover features Heisman Trophy winner Robert Griffin III of Baylor along with another Heisman winner Barry Sanders from Oklahoma State who was decided by fan voting Sanders was picked over Marcus Allen Doug Flutie Desmond Howard Charlie Ward Andre Ware Eddie George and Herschel Walker during the voting process NCAA Football 14 edit Main article NCAA Football 14 NCAA Football 14 the final installment in the series was released on July 9 2013 The game s cover features former Michigan quarterback Denard Robinson who was decided by fan voting Robinson was picked over Eddie Lacy Kenjon Barner Jarvis Jones EJ Manuel Ryan Swope John Simon and Tyler Eifert during the voting process Cover athletes editList of Standard Cover Star Game Cover Star Name Team Position Bill Walsh College Football 94 Bill Walsh Stanford Head coach Bill Walsh College Football 95 College Football USA 96 Generic wide receiver Kansas State Wide receiver Generic running back Michigan Running back Generic player head Florida State Helmet Tommy Trojan USC Mascot University of Wisconsin Marching Band Wisconsin Marching band member College Football USA 97 Tommie Frazier Nebraska Quarterback NCAA Football 98 Danny Wuerffel Florida NCAA Football 99 Charles Woodson Michigan Cornerback NCAA Football 2000 Ricky Williams Texas Running back NCAA Football 2001 Shaun Alexander Alabama NCAA Football 2002 Chris Weinke Florida State Quarterback NCAA Football 2003 Joey Harrington Oregon NCAA Football 2004 Carson Palmer USC NCAA Football 2005 Larry Fitzgerald Pittsburgh Wide receiver NCAA Football 06 Desmond Howard Michigan NCAA Football 07 Reggie Bush USC Running back NCAA Football 08 Jared Zabransky Boise State Quarterback NCAA Football 09 DeSean Jackson PS2 California Wide receiver Matt Ryan PS3 Boston College Quarterback Owen Schmitt PSP West Virginia Fullback Sparty Wii Michigan State Mascot Darren McFadden Xbox 360 Arkansas Running back NCAA Football 10 Brian Orakpo PS2 Texas Linebacker Brian Johnson PS3 Utah Quarterback Mark Sanchez PSP USC Michael Crabtree Xbox 360 Texas Tech Wide receiver NCAA Football 11 Tim Tebow Florida Quarterback NCAA Football 12 Mark Ingram II Alabama Running back NCAA Football 13 Robert Griffin III Baylor Quarterback Barry Sanders Oklahoma State Running back NCAA Football 14 Denard Robinson Michigan QuarterbackFuture of the series editDue to recent legal disputes between the association Electronic Arts college athletes and others regarding the usage of college athletes likenesses in video games which is currently barred by the NCAA because of the concept of sport amateurism they would not renew their licensing deal with EA However the expiration of the license only affects the use of the NCAA s trademarks in the games teams and other events are licensed from schools individually or through organizations such as the Collegiate Licensing Company who announced on the same day that they would extend its own licensing deal with EA through 2017 As such EA ensured that with these existing deals in place it would still be able to produce future versions of the franchise without the NCAA license as it did prior to 1997 EA Sports executive vice president Andrew Wilson announced that the next edition of the franchise was already in development and would still feature the college teams leagues and all the innovation fans expect from EA Sports 1 10 11 However after the SEC Big Ten and Pac 12 conferences announced that they would not license their trademarks to EA the company announced on September 26 2013 that it would not make a college football game for 2014 3 12 EA had plans to continue the series with a focus on user generated content under the old College Football name but the planned game was eventually canceled 2 As of 2021 the series has not returned although Oregon and Texas licensed their team names for the story mode in Madden NFL 18 13 Madden NFL 20 includes 10 licensed college teams for its new career storyline QB1 Face of the Franchise 14 NCAA Football 14 the last edition of the game continues to be played by fans including actual college football players Unofficial updates have been released to reflect current rosters 15 On October 29 2019 the NCAA s board of governors voted unanimously to institute new rules allowing student athletes to profit from the use of their name image and likeness 16 The changes are set to take effect no later than January 2021 17 This development has caused many to speculate that a new NCAA Football game will be released in the near future 18 EA Sports College Football 25 edit Main article EA Sports College Football 25 On February 2 2021 EA Sports announced that the series NCAA Football would return under the name EA Sports College Football stating on Twitter For those who never stopped believing College Football is coming back 19 They also released a statement on their website announcing that they had garnered and are utilizing a partnership with the Collegiate Licensing Company an NCAA licensing group to bring uniforms stadiums traditions and more from over 100 NCAA affiliated sports teams Player names and likenesses will not be included in the game 20 21 The deal will mean that teams not a part of the CLC will not be in the game such as Air Force Army Georgia State Kentucky New Mexico Notre Dame Troy and USC 22 On February 23 2021 it was reported that Notre Dame will join the game if new rules that determine whether athletes will be able to receive a cut of the game s profits are finalized 23 Following similar statements from Tulane and Northwestern 24 EA Sports responded by stating player name image and likeness is not currently planned for the game However we are watching the developments in this area closely and are prepared to take steps to include players should that opportunity arise 25 The NCAA has delayed and not voted on the NIL rule as of now but over two dozen states have either passed or proposed laws so that institutions can t enforce the NCAA s current NIL rules EA Sports has been watching the development of the game closely and will release more information on the development and future of the franchise when they can 26 The game which was not under development prior to EA Sports announcement of the new title will be developed in Orlando Florida by EA Tiburon 27 The company claimed that a revival of the NCAA Football franchise was one of their most requested games as of the time of their announcement of EA Sports College Football and The Motley Fool projects that College Football sales could rival those of that year s Madden release 28 However doubts have been raised as to whether or not the game s reception will exceed that of recent Madden releases which are held in low regard by the Madden gaming community 29 On November 22 2022 in an interview with ESPN com s Michael Rothstein EA Sports vice president and general manager Daryl Holt stated that Electronic Arts would release the game sometime in summer 2024 That s the best date for us to bring the game that we think is going to meet or exceed our player expectations and cover the breadth and scale of what we want in the game We re trying to build a very immersive college football experience Holt said 30 In February 2024 EA announced the next game in the series as EA Sports College Football 25 promising more details would be revealed in May 2024 31 Player names editThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it July 2013 Players real names and specific likenesses were not used in the game while the Madden NFL series does use real player names and likenesses compensated for the use of their image Due to current NCAA restrictions on the amateur status of athletes names were not allowed Additionally current college players could not be used as cover athletes Instead each cover featured a player whose college eligibility ended the season before the game s release wearing his former college uniform The only two exceptions have been the Wii version of NCAA Football 09 which featured Sparty the mascot of Michigan State University on the cover and NCAA Football 06 when Desmond Howard was featured on the cover striking the Heisman Trophy pose during his career at Michigan despite not having played for Michigan for more than 15 years Although EA Sports does not claim that the players in the game represent real life players the jersey number position height weight home state and ethnicity are aligned with the real players Fans of any particular team are sure to recognize their favorite players for example in NCAA Football 14 Florida State QB 5 would correspond to Jameis Winston Actual usage of a player s real name would be in violation of the NCAA s policy regarding student athletes Amateur roster makers will often manually associate player names and will upload a roster file to the built in roster sharing system As of NCAA Football 09 EA has put in the EA Locker feature which allows remote roster sharing online through either Xbox Live or PlayStation Network depending on the console Due to new NIL Rules players will be able to have their names in the game Though some players might not allow the use of their name or demand payment to be put into the game Soundtracks editPrior to the release of NCAA Football 06 the only music featured in the game were fight songs of most FBS and FCS colleges featured in the game These would play at random however the user selected favorite team would always have their fight song played first whenever the game was first started NCAA Football 06 was the first and only entry in the series to include licensed music to keep the series in uniform with other EA Sports releases of the time such as Madden NFL and the NHL series NCAA Football 07 returned to the fight song only format NCAA Football 08 added a cinematic theme song to the main menu with fight songs playing during Dynasty Mode NCAA Football 09 allows a new custom stadium sounds feature allowing users to edit what sounds are heard at specific stadiums during events within the game such as a touchdown field goal or timeout Fans of the teams can now create an authentic experience in each stadium by using copyrighted songs that EA is not allowed to put into the game NCAA Football 10 plays Tick Tick Boom by The Hives in the introduction only NCAA Football 11 uses the music that is used in ESPN College Football coverage See also editMadden NFLReferences edit a b Schrotenboer Brent July 19 2013 EA Sports re ups on college football after NCAA snub USA Today Retrieved 21 July 2013 a b Good Owen S October 25 2019 Here is EA Sports plan for its canceled NCAA Football game Polygon Vox Media Retrieved October 27 2019 a b Eder Steve September 26 2013 E A Sports Settles Lawsuit With College Athletes The New York Times Retrieved 27 September 2013 Makuch Eddie February 2 2021 EA Is Reviving Its College Football Series For PS5 And Xbox Series X But No Player Names Or Likenesses GameSpot Retrieved February 2 2021 EA Sports Resurrecting College Football Video Game Series EA Sports is bringing college football back on next gen consoles 2 February 2021 EA Sports to launch college football game in 24 22 November 2022 16 Bit s Last Stand Electronic Gaming Monthly No 89 Ziff Davis December 1996 p 179 Wii NCAA Football 09 confirmed and cover mascot challenge begins pastapadre com Good Owen July 21 2013 EA Sports Didn t Need the NCAA s Logo and Maybe It Didn t Want It Kotaku G O Media Retrieved July 22 2013 Goldfarb Andrew July 17 2013 NCAA Will Not Renew WA Sports Contract IGN Retrieved July 17 2013 Pereira Chris August 14 2013 EA s College Football Games Lose the SEC Branding IGN Retrieved August 15 2013 Wiedey Bryan July 10 2018 NCAA Football Why video game series hasn t returned five years after last release Sporting News Media Retrieved July 17 2018 Good Owen S 2019 04 25 Madden NFL 20 brings back NCAA Football teams for new career mode Polygon Retrieved 2019 04 26 Scarborough Alex July 12 2018 A labor of love keeps NCAA Football video game alive ESPN Retrieved July 17 2018 Witz Billy N C A A Considers Loosening Rules for Athletes Seeking Outside Deals The New York Times October 29 2019 Potter Andrew Joe NCAA opens door for athletes to profit from name image likeness theScore com October 29 2019 Al Khateeb Zac NCAA Football fans freaking out over potential return of beloved video game franchise Sporting News October 29 2019 For those who never stopped believing Twitter February 2 2021 Retrieved February 3 2021 Arts Electronic 2021 02 02 Electronic Arts amp CLC to bring back college football video games Electronic Arts Inc Retrieved 2021 02 03 Kramer Adam Despite the Unknowns College Football s Video Game Return Is a Win for All Bleacher Report Retrieved 2021 02 10 Kentucky may not be in EA Sports new college football game Kentucky Sports Radio 2021 02 23 Retrieved 2021 02 23 ND opts out of EA Sports game for now cites NIL ESPN com 2021 02 22 Retrieved 2021 02 23 Another School Is Pulling Out Of EA Sports College Football Game The Spun 2021 02 28 Retrieved 2021 03 03 Straw Michael 2021 03 02 EA Sports College Football Addresses Licensing Concerns SGO Sports Gamers Online Retrieved 2021 03 03 EA Sports To Bring Back College Football Game No Plans For Players Names Images Likenesses 2021 02 02 Retrieved 2021 03 07 Fuller Austin 9 February 2021 EA Sports College Football will be built in Orlando perhaps bringing more jobs orlandosentinel com Retrieved 2021 02 10 Ballard John 2021 02 09 Why Electronic Arts Return to College Football Is a Big Deal The Motley Fool Retrieved 2021 02 10 EA Sports College Football Needs to Avoid One Costly Sports Game Mistake Game Rant 2021 02 09 Retrieved 2021 02 10 EA Sports to launch college football game in 24 22 November 2022 Arts Electronic 2024 02 15 EA SPORTS College Football 25 Yeah It s Really Happening Electronic Arts Inc Retrieved 2024 02 15 External links editOfficial website archived 4 Apr 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title EA Sports College Football amp oldid 1219133417, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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