The coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty (Vietnamese: Quốc huy triều Nguyễn; Hán-Nôm: 國徽朝阮), officially the national coat of arms of Đại Nam (Vietnamese: Quốc huy Đại Nam; Hán-Nôm: 國徽大南), was the national coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty adopted during the reign of the Thành Thái Emperor to be used when accepting diplomatic missions and foreign dignitaries at the Imperial City of Huế.
Coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty Quốc huy triều Nguyễn (國徽朝阮)
The coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty would later also be used as a personal symbol of its emperors replacing the characters "大南" with their reign era, with the latest of these variants being used in official correspondence during the State of Vietnam period. Khải Định's imperial seal contained a version of the imperial coat of arms but with the 6 Chinese characters Khải Định Đại Nam Hoàng đế (啟定大南皇帝) on the scroll instead of the country's name.[1] During the Bảo Đại period the scroll only contained 2 Chinese characters bearing the reign era of the emperor.
The dragon depicted on the coat of arms has five-claws, which is a sign of imperial authority in imperial China and imperial Vietnam.[2] During the Later Lê and Nguyễn dynasties four-clawed and three-clawed dragons were reserved for subjects as strict regulations existed in how many claws a dragon may have based on the status of the person, only the emperor and his government were allowed to use five-clawed dragons.[2] The scroll depicts the Hán characters "大南" (Đại Nam) as it was the quốc hiệu (國號, "national name") of Vietnam during most of the Nguyễn dynasty period.[3]
Historyedit
According to historians Trần Đức Anh Sơn and Philippe Trương, in the year 1903 emperor Thành Thái ordered at the Alfred Hache & Co. porcelain factories in Vierzon, Cher department and Paris approximately 310 ceramic items, including: 4 dining sets, 4 dessert sets, 4 tea sets.[4][5] The common feature of this set is the porcelain white colour, decorated with gold trim in the mouth, lid, inside of the dish, handles. Below the base are two titles: A H & Co and 1889 GD Diplôme d'Honneur Alfred Hache & CE (1889 was the year the Alfred Hache factory won the gold medal at the Paris exhibition, together with the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres).[5][4] This set also features 116 items belonging to the Bộ đồ sứ Đại Nam (Đại Nam porcelains) which feature the national coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty, the highlight of these porcelain ware is that in the middle of each object the coat of arms is prominently displayed with the Hán characters "大南" (Đại Nam) as a representative image of the nation to use in the international stage.[5] During the Thành Thái period the Đại Nam porcelains were used to entertain foreign diplomats and delegations.[5][4] In 1910, during the Duy Tân period, the Tả Vu of the Cần Chánh Palace (Đại Nội) was transformed into a European-style reception room to welcome European delegations, this is also the space for displaying many diplomatic gifts of the French government and Chinese delegations.[5]
As coats of arms were considered national symbols representing the sovereignty of a country in the international arena the usage of this "Đại Nam coat of arms" was considered to be a radical expression of nationalism while the country was under French domination.[5]
On 14 August 1922, during his visit to France, the Khải Định Emperor a set of "Chinese-style" tea set from the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres in Paris.[4] This set of tableware is today known as the Khải Định porcelains and depict a different version of the coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty, featuring a grey scroll and a silver sword.[4] This set is decorated with blue enamel and was used in the An Định Palace.[4]
In the 1941 book Hymnes et pavillons d'Indochine published by the Government-General of French Indochina, which features the flags, national anthems, and other symbols of its constituent countries, a completely golden version of the coat of arms (attributed to the Empire of Annam) is shown without any Hán characters on the scroll.[6] The book also features an alternative coat of arms showing a five-clawed dragon positioned affronté, both heraldic symbols are listed in the book as the Armoiries de l'Annam (coats of arms of Annam).[6]
After 1945edit
After the abolition of the Nguyễn dynasty the coat of arms and its variants continued to be used by members of the House of Nguyễn Phúc, for example the Bảo Đại version was used on envelopes sent by Chief of State Bảo Đại and crown prince Nguyễn Phúc Bảo Long during the State of Vietnam period.[7] In 1980 former emperor Bảo Đại used his personal variant as the cover of his autobiographic work S.M. Bao Daï, Le Dragon d'Annam published by Plon.[8]
The coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty also appeared on the cover of the book The European ceramics at the Huế Royal Antiques Museum - Đồ gốm sứ Châu Âu tại Bảo tàng cổ vật cung đình Huế about the ceramics found in the Huế Museum of Royal Fine Arts published in 2018.[9]
Misattributionedit
The exact origins of this tableware has been disputed, as R. de la Susse reported in 1913 that the tableware containing the Huy hiệu An Nam was originally ordered from Paris during the Đồng Khánh period in the 1880s.[4] Antique expert Philippe Trương disputes this claim and states that the reason the French deliberately misattributed the coat of arms was because the Thành Thái Emperor was disposed by the French authorities and to the French attributing the coat of arms to Đồng Khánh, who was more amicable towards the French, would whitewash the history of both the Đại Nam porcelains and the coat of arms.[4] Philippe Trương debunked the earlier claims by stating that because the tableware bear the inscription A H & Co that they couldn't have been created any earlier than 1903.[4] This was because in 1903 Pierre-Emile Jullien had died leading to Alfred Hache changing the name of the workshop to Alfred Hache & Cie., the products were titled "Alfred Hache" and "A.H. & Cie".[4] After World War I in 1914, the Hache workshop was dissolved.[4]
During the years 1889 and 1900 the Hache workshop was very popular and could compete with the National Sèvres workshop.[4] Besides this, the Hache workshop at the time also had a strong export market, with Hache having been present on the Vietnamese market since around 1850 to 1872.[4] The Huế Royal Antiques Museum also keeps a bowl of sauce with the title "A. Hache & Pepin Lehalleur" (1850–1872) and a large oval plate, titled "Hache, Jullien & Cie" (1885–1903).[4] But the main reason that the Nguyễn dynasty court ordered from the Hache workshop was because they made blue and gold enamel tableware for the French Residency in Huế.[4] Therefore, the Thành Thái Emperor had ordered Đại Nam porcelains at Alfred Hache factory.[4]
Galleryedit
Variantsedit
Personal coats of arms of emperorsedit
The personal coat of arms of the Khải Định Emperor.
Or, Lang Biang mountains Gules, on a chief Gules, a tiger passant Proper. Supporters dexter a naked aboriginal Koho woman Proper, sinister an aboriginal Koho man Proper holding his spear Sable. Motto: DAT ALIIS LÆTITIAM ALIIS TEMPERIEM.
A blazon containing a phượng hoàng standing (rampant) in front of a mountain with the Chinese characters "Nam Phương hoàng hậu" (南芳皇后) written right-to-left above the bird.
^Vietnamese language description: "Quốc Huy Triều Nguyễn với rồng năm móng và 2 chử Đại Nam (大南) viết trên cuốn thư trên thanh kiếm nằm ngang."
Referencesedit
^Alain R. Truong (17 June 2012). "Sceau en or et pierre dure de l'empereur Khai Dinh" (in French). Les Carnets de Philippe Truong. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
^"韩周敬：越南阮朝嘉、明时期国号问题析论". 越南历史研究. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
^ abcdefghijklmnopPhilippe Trương (17 February 2017). "Vua Thành Thái và bộ đồ ăn Đại Nam" (in Vietnamese). Nghệ Thuật Xưa. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
^ abcdefTrung tâm Bảo tồn Di tích Cố Đô Huế, Huế Museum of Royal Fine Arts (Bảo tàng Cổ vật Cung đình Huế), The European ceramics at the Huế Royal Antiques Museum - Đồ gốm sứ Châu Âu tại Bảo tàng cổ vật cung đình Huế (2018), Publisher: NXB. Tổng hợp tp. Hồ Chí Minh. Pages: 60-62. (in Vietnamese).
^ abHymnes et pavillons d'Indochine. 1941. Retrieved 9 March 2021. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^Lynda Trouvé - Gouvernement de S.M. Bao Daï (1949-1955) UN... - Lot 90 - Lynda Trouvé. Quote: "UN ENSEMBLE DE PAPIERS ENTETES, CARTES DE COMPLIMENTS, DOSSIERS, ENVELOPPES AUX ARMOIRIES DE S.M. BAO DAI, LORSQU'IL ETAIT CHEF DE L'ETAT DU VIETNAM ENTRE 1949 ET 1955. Avec des cartes de compliments de S.A. Bao Long et de S.M. Nam Phuong. Formats divers. Une dizaine de documents. On joint quelques enveloppes ainsi qu'un carnet de bon de commande aux armoiries de l'empereur.". (in French).
^Bảo Đại, S.M. Bao Daï, Le Dragon d'Annam (1980). Publisher: Plon. Cover page (in French).
^Ngô Thị Nhung (2018). "Đồ gốm sứ Châu Âu tại Bảo tàng cổ vật cung đình Huế - Tác giả: Bảo tàng cổ vật cung đình Huế - Trung tâm Bảo tồn di" (in Vietnamese). Vietnam Institute of Archaeology (Viện khảo cổ học). Retrieved 15 May 2023.
Sourcesedit
Hội đồng trị sự Nguyễn Phúc Tộc (1995), Nguyễn Phúc Tộc thế phả, NXB. Thuận Hoả Huế.
Trần Đức Anh Sơn (June 2018). Đồ Sứ Ký Kiểu Thời Nguyễn (Song Ngữ) (in English and Vietnamese). NXBTH TPHCM.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coats of arms of the French protectorate of Annam.
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October 27, 2023
coat, arms, nguyễn, dynasty, coat, arms, nguyễn, dynasty, vietnamese, quốc, triều, nguyễn, hán, nôm, 國徽朝阮, officially, national, coat, arms, Đại, vietnamese, quốc, Đại, hán, nôm, 國徽大南, national, coat, arms, nguyễn, dynasty, adopted, during, reign, thành, thái,. The coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty Vietnamese Quốc huy triều Nguyễn Han Nom 國徽朝阮 officially the national coat of arms of Đại Nam Vietnamese Quốc huy Đại Nam Han Nom 國徽大南 was the national coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty adopted during the reign of the Thanh Thai Emperor to be used when accepting diplomatic missions and foreign dignitaries at the Imperial City of Huế Coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynastyQuốc huy triều Nguyễn 國徽朝阮 VersionsVariant coat of arms ArmigerNguyễn dynastyAdoptedThanh Thai 15 1903 RelinquishedBảo Đại 20 1945 a SupporterFive clawed dragonMotto大南 Đại Nam The Great South UseOfficial coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty government The coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty would later also be used as a personal symbol of its emperors replacing the characters 大南 with their reign era with the latest of these variants being used in official correspondence during the State of Vietnam period Khải Định s imperial seal contained a version of the imperial coat of arms but with the 6 Chinese characters Khải Định Đại Nam Hoang đế 啟定大南皇帝 on the scroll instead of the country s name 1 During the Bảo Đại period the scroll only contained 2 Chinese characters bearing the reign era of the emperor Contents 1 Description 2 History 2 1 After 1945 3 Misattribution 4 Gallery 4 1 Variants 4 1 1 Personal coats of arms of emperors 4 1 2 Military divisions 4 2 Uses of the coat of arms and its variants 5 Other coats of arms 6 See also 7 Explanatory notes 8 References 9 Sources 10 External linksDescription editA sword per fess charged with a scroll inscribed with two traditional Chinese characters Đại Nam 大南 and supported by a single five clawed dragon b The dragon depicted on the coat of arms has five claws which is a sign of imperial authority in imperial China and imperial Vietnam 2 During the Later Le and Nguyễn dynasties four clawed and three clawed dragons were reserved for subjects as strict regulations existed in how many claws a dragon may have based on the status of the person only the emperor and his government were allowed to use five clawed dragons 2 The scroll depicts the Han characters 大南 Đại Nam as it was the quốc hiệu 國號 national name of Vietnam during most of the Nguyễn dynasty period 3 History editAccording to historians Trần Đức Anh Sơn and Philippe Trương in the year 1903 emperor Thanh Thai ordered at the Alfred Hache amp Co porcelain factories in Vierzon Cher department and Paris approximately 310 ceramic items including 4 dining sets 4 dessert sets 4 tea sets 4 5 The common feature of this set is the porcelain white colour decorated with gold trim in the mouth lid inside of the dish handles Below the base are two titles A H amp Co and 1889 GD Diplome d Honneur Alfred Hache amp CE 1889 was the year the Alfred Hache factory won the gold medal at the Paris exhibition together with the Manufacture nationale de Sevres 5 4 This set also features 116 items belonging to the Bộ đồ sứ Đại Nam Đại Nam porcelains which feature the national coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty the highlight of these porcelain ware is that in the middle of each object the coat of arms is prominently displayed with the Han characters 大南 Đại Nam as a representative image of the nation to use in the international stage 5 During the Thanh Thai period the Đại Nam porcelains were used to entertain foreign diplomats and delegations 5 4 In 1910 during the Duy Tan period the Tả Vu of the Cần Chanh Palace Đại Nội was transformed into a European style reception room to welcome European delegations this is also the space for displaying many diplomatic gifts of the French government and Chinese delegations 5 As coats of arms were considered national symbols representing the sovereignty of a country in the international arena the usage of this Đại Nam coat of arms was considered to be a radical expression of nationalism while the country was under French domination 5 On 14 August 1922 during his visit to France the Khải Định Emperor a set of Chinese style tea set from the Manufacture nationale de Sevres in Paris 4 This set of tableware is today known as the Khải Định porcelains and depict a different version of the coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty featuring a grey scroll and a silver sword 4 This set is decorated with blue enamel and was used in the An Định Palace 4 In the 1941 book Hymnes et pavillons d Indochine published by the Government General of French Indochina which features the flags national anthems and other symbols of its constituent countries a completely golden version of the coat of arms attributed to the Empire of Annam is shown without any Han characters on the scroll 6 The book also features an alternative coat of arms showing a five clawed dragon positioned affronte both heraldic symbols are listed in the book as the Armoiries de l Annam coats of arms of Annam 6 After 1945 edit After the abolition of the Nguyễn dynasty the coat of arms and its variants continued to be used by members of the House of Nguyễn Phuc for example the Bảo Đại version was used on envelopes sent by Chief of State Bảo Đại and crown prince Nguyễn Phuc Bảo Long during the State of Vietnam period 7 In 1980 former emperor Bảo Đại used his personal variant as the cover of his autobiographic work S M Bao Dai Le Dragon d Annam published by Plon 8 The coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty also appeared on the cover of the book The European ceramics at the Huế Royal Antiques Museum Đồ gốm sứ Chau Au tại Bảo tang cổ vật cung đinh Huế about the ceramics found in the Huế Museum of Royal Fine Arts published in 2018 9 Misattribution editThe exact origins of this tableware has been disputed as R de la Susse reported in 1913 that the tableware containing the Huy hiệu An Nam was originally ordered from Paris during the Đồng Khanh period in the 1880s 4 Antique expert Philippe Trương disputes this claim and states that the reason the French deliberately misattributed the coat of arms was because the Thanh Thai Emperor was disposed by the French authorities and to the French attributing the coat of arms to Đồng Khanh who was more amicable towards the French would whitewash the history of both the Đại Nam porcelains and the coat of arms 4 Philippe Trương debunked the earlier claims by stating that because the tableware bear the inscription A H amp Co that they couldn t have been created any earlier than 1903 4 This was because in 1903 Pierre Emile Jullien had died leading to Alfred Hache changing the name of the workshop to Alfred Hache amp Cie the products were titled Alfred Hache and A H amp Cie 4 After World War I in 1914 the Hache workshop was dissolved 4 During the years 1889 and 1900 the Hache workshop was very popular and could compete with the National Sevres workshop 4 Besides this the Hache workshop at the time also had a strong export market with Hache having been present on the Vietnamese market since around 1850 to 1872 4 The Huế Royal Antiques Museum also keeps a bowl of sauce with the title A Hache amp Pepin Lehalleur 1850 1872 and a large oval plate titled Hache Jullien amp Cie 1885 1903 4 But the main reason that the Nguyễn dynasty court ordered from the Hache workshop was because they made blue and gold enamel tableware for the French Residency in Huế 4 Therefore the Thanh Thai Emperor had ordered Đại Nam porcelains at Alfred Hache factory 4 Gallery editVariants edit Personal coats of arms of emperors edit nbsp The personal coat of arms of the Khải Định Emperor nbsp The personal coat of arms of the Bảo Đại Emperor Military divisions edit nbsp Insignia of the Imperial Guards nbsp Insignia of the Imperial Guards with red characters Uses of the coat of arms and its variants edit nbsp Khải Định s personal coat of arms on his French style seal nbsp Official envelopes of the government of H M Bảo Đại during the State of Vietnam period Other coats of arms editHistorical heraldry used during the Nguyễn dynasty periodSymbol Use Duration DescriptionCities nbsp Coat of arms of Hanoi Tonkin 1888 1954 nbsp Coat of arms of Hải Phong Tonkin 1888 1954 nbsp Coat of arms of Đa Lạt Annam 1930 1975 Or Lang Biang mountains Gules on a chief Gules a tiger passant Proper Supporters dexter a naked aboriginal Koho woman Proper sinister an aboriginal Koho man Proper holding his spear Sable Motto DAT ALIIS LAETITIAM ALIIS TEMPERIEM Nobility and personal coats of arms nbsp Coat of arms of the baron of An Phước A seal with the seal script characters An Phước 安福 written right to left with a French style baronial coronet nbsp Personal coat of arms of empress Nam Phương A blazon containing a phượng hoang standing rampant in front of a mountain with the Chinese characters Nam Phương hoang hậu 南芳皇后 written right to left above the bird See also editEmblem of Vietnam Flags of the Nguyễn dynasty s administrative units Seals of the Nguyễn dynastyExplanatory notes edit Abdication of Bảo Đại see August Revolution Vietnamese language description Quốc Huy Triều Nguyễn với rồng năm mong va 2 chử Đại Nam 大南 viết tren cuốn thư tren thanh kiếm nằm ngang References edit Alain R Truong 17 June 2012 Sceau en or et pierre dure de l empereur Khai Dinh in French Les Carnets de Philippe Truong Retrieved 28 March 2021 a b Trần Đức Anh Sơn 2018 p 140 韩周敬 越南阮朝嘉 明时期国号问题析论 越南历史研究 Retrieved 31 August 2018 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Philippe Trương 17 February 2017 Vua Thanh Thai va bộ đồ ăn Đại Nam in Vietnamese Nghệ Thuật Xưa Retrieved 16 May 2023 a b c d e f Trung tam Bảo tồn Di tich Cố Đo Huế Huế Museum of Royal Fine Arts Bảo tang Cổ vật Cung đinh Huế The European ceramics at the Huế Royal Antiques Museum Đồ gốm sứ Chau Au tại Bảo tang cổ vật cung đinh Huế 2018 Publisher NXB Tổng hợp tp Hồ Chi Minh Pages 60 62 in Vietnamese a b Hymnes et pavillons d Indochine 1941 Retrieved 9 March 2021 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Lynda Trouve Gouvernement de S M Bao Dai 1949 1955 UN Lot 90 Lynda Trouve Quote UN ENSEMBLE DE PAPIERS ENTETES CARTES DE COMPLIMENTS DOSSIERS ENVELOPPES AUX ARMOIRIES DE S M BAO DAI LORSQU IL ETAIT CHEF DE L ETAT DU VIETNAM ENTRE 1949 ET 1955 Avec des cartes de compliments de S A Bao Long et de S M Nam Phuong Formats divers Une dizaine de documents On joint quelques enveloppes ainsi qu un carnet de bon de commande aux armoiries de l empereur in French Bảo Đại S M Bao Dai Le Dragon d Annam 1980 Publisher Plon Cover page in French Ngo Thị Nhung 2018 Đồ gốm sứ Chau Au tại Bảo tang cổ vật cung đinh Huế Tac giả Bảo tang cổ vật cung đinh Huế Trung tam Bảo tồn di in Vietnamese Vietnam Institute of Archaeology Viện khảo cổ học Retrieved 15 May 2023 Sources editHội đồng trị sự Nguyễn Phuc Tộc 1995 Nguyễn Phuc Tộc thế phả NXB Thuận Hoả Huế Trần Đức Anh Sơn June 2018 Đồ Sứ Ky Kiểu Thời Nguyễn Song Ngữ in English and Vietnamese NXBTH TPHCM External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Coats of arms of the French protectorate of Annam The coat of arms can also be seen on Nguyễn Dynasty porcelain as can be seen on the cover of the book Đồ gốm sứ Chau Au tại Bảo tang cổ vật cung đinh Huế The European ceramics at the Hue Royal Antiques Museum The coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty on ceramics from the Khải Định period Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Coat of arms of the Nguyễn dynasty amp oldid 1165204041, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
