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Carrefour de l'Horloge

October 18, 2023

The Carrefour de l'Horloge (literally The Clock Crossroad), formerly Club de l'Horloge (1974–2015), is a French far-right national liberal think tank founded in 1974 and presided by Henry de Lesquen.[1] The organization promotes an "integral neo-Darwinist" philosophy, characterized by a form of economic liberalism infused with ethnic nationalism.[2]

Carrefour de l'Horloge
Formation1974; 49 years ago (1974)
FounderHenry de Lesquen, Jean-Yves Le Gallou, Yvan Blot and others
TypeMeta-political club
Purpose
HeadquartersParis
LeaderHenry de Lesquen
Websitehttp://cdh.fr
Formerly called
Club de l'Horloge

Born as a splinter group from GRECE in the years 1974–79, the Carrefour de l'Horloge shares many similarities with the Nouvelle Droite, although it stands out by its defense of Catholicism and economic liberalism. Like the Nouvelle Droite, they use meta-political strategies to diffuse their ideas in wider society; however, the Carrefour de l'Horloge favours more direct methods, such as entryism into mainstream parties and senior public offices, along with the creation of catch-all slogans to influence the public debate. The group and its members have for instance coined terms like "national preference" and "re-information",[3][4][5] and participated in popularizing the concepts of "Great Replacement" and "remigration" in France.[6]

History Edit

Background: 1968–1973 Edit

The origin of the Carrefour de l'Horloge can be traced back to the "Cercle Pareto", a club established in Science Po by students associated with GRECE, an ethno-nationalist think-tank founded in January 1968 by Alain de Benoist and other far-right militants. The Cercle was founded at the end of the same year by Yvan Blot and other students hostile to the left-wing May 1968 unrests. He was soon joined by Jean-Yves Le Gallou (1969), Guillaume Faye (1970), Daniel Garrigue, and Georges-Henri Bousquet.[7]

The Cercle had around 30 members in the winter of 1970. Many of the founding members of the Club de l'Horloge met at the elite École Nationale d'Administration (ENA) between 1972 and 1974; among them were Le Gallou, Henry de Lesquen, Jean-Paul Antoine, Didier Maupas, and Bernard Mazin.[8] In 1973, three Cercle members—Blot, Le Gallou, and Mazin—tried to convince de Benoist to enter politics, which he ardently refused.[9]

Emergence: 1974–1979 Edit

The Carrefour de l'Horloge was created as Club de l'Horloge on 10 July 1974 by Jean-Yves Le Gallou, Yvan Blot, Henry de Lesquen, Daniel Garrigue, and others.[10] The founders, who graduated from high-ranked schools, regarded themselves as part of an elite think tank whose project was diffusing nationalist ideas within the public sphere, and serving as a link between GRECE, mainstream politics and senior public offices in France.[11][12][1] Bruno Mégret joined the Club in 1975.[13]

 
Jean-Yves Le Gallou, prominent member of the Carrefour de l'Horloge.[11]

From 1975, Le Gallou served as a civil administrator at the Minister of the Interior, where he tried to diffuse his political ideas in administrative reports. In charge of the redaction of a local study, he linked the social issues facing the city of Chanteloup-les-Vignes with immigration, but his theories were toned down by his hierarchy in the final version.[14] In March 1976, however, Le Gallou managed to have an article on the "economic assessment of immigration" published in the magazine Administration, which was sent to all French Prefects. Co-written by Le Gallou and Philippe Baccou, the article described immigration as "[posing] as many or more problems in the long term as it solves", and insisted on the "ethno-cultural" barriers to integration: "in the future, the labour reserve will be situated in the remotest countries, where the population is less assimilable."[15]

Between 1974 and 1982, the Club invited to their conferences numerous high-ranking public servants and politicians, which represented half of the attendants, the remaining seats being filled by journalists, academics and businessmen. Among them were Yves Guéna, Michel Jobert, Philippe Malaud, Pierre Mazeaud, Raymond Marcellin, Michel Debré, Jean Lecanuet, Alain Madelin, Michel Poniatowski, René Monory, Jean-Marcel Jeanneney, Maurice Couve de Murville, Edgar Faure, Alain Juppé, Lionel Stoléru, or Jean-Louis Gergorin.[16]

In the 1970s, the Club de l'Horloge was for some time under the protection of French Minister of the Interior Michel Poniatowski.[1] Between 1974 and 1978, the progression of nativist ideas in the public discourse of Poniatowski can be attributed in part to the influence of the Club and the Nouvelle Droite, Poniatowski largely citing their works in his 1978 book L'avenir n'est écrit nulle part. "From India to Iceland", Poniatowski writes, "almost all white populations have the same cultural origin and an ethnological kinship confirmed by the specific distribution of blood groups."[17] However, apart from the local influence of Yvan Blot, who served as an Inspector General at the Ministry of the Interior under Poniatowski and Christian Bonnet, the official policy of the government on immigration remained mostly of out reach of the Club's influence.[18]

The book La Politique du vivant ("The Politics of living"), published in 1979 under the direction of De Lesquen, stemmed from GRECE theories on sociobiology, genetic determinism and social Darwinism.[11] The same year, Henry de Lesquen was invited on the French TV literary talk show Apostrophes to debate the Nouvelle Droite.[19] However, a media campaign against the Nouvelle Droite and the Club that denounced the "Vichyst sympathies" of the French authorities damaged their public reputation in France.[18]

The ideological agenda of the Club during this period can be defined as a syncretism of neo-liberalism, right-wing nationalism, and eugenistic doctrines. Their advocacy of liberalism gradually clashed with the philosophy of GRECE, and with de Benoist in particular, who associated the idea with Americanism and materialism.[20] Dismissing the long-term meta-political strategy of de Benoist and GRECE—whose Le Gallou and Blot were former members—the Club de l'Horloge aimed at more immediate results, and instead favoured a tactic of entryism inside the two French mainstream right-wing parties of the period, the Rally for the Republic (RPR) and the Union for French Democracy (UDF).[11] Since the years 1979–80, the Club de l'Horloge has distanced itself from the neo-paganism and anti-capitalism of GRECE and the Nouvelle Droite, promoting instead a form of economic liberalism strongly tainted with ethnic nationalism.[2]

Club de l'Horloge: 1980–2014 Edit

 
Henry de Lesquen, current president of the club and provocative blogger, is one of the main promoters of the concept of "remigration" in France.[21]

The Club's strategy of entryism began to show some success in the 1980s: Le Gallou entered the UDF in the early 1980s[22] while many other lead members, such as Mégret (from 1975 to 1982), De Lesquen (1977–85),[23] or Blot (1979–88),[24] were already part of the RPR. As Le Gallou grew in importance, he developed and promoted the concept of "national preference",[25] and served as a link between the Club and the far-right party Front National (FN), which he joined in 1985.[1]

The Club de l'Horloge created in 1990 the "Lysenko prize", in reference to Soviet pseudo-scientist Trofim Lysenko. The satirical award has since been attributed each year to a public figure who has, in their view, "contributed to spreading scientific or historical misinformation, with ideological methods and arguments".[26] Bruno Mégret coined in 1997 the word "re-information" to designate nationalist news outlets that opposed the mainstream media, a term that has since been widely used by far-right online websites in France.[5]

Renaming and revival: 2015–present Edit

In September 2015, the Club de l'Horloge was renamed "Carrefour de l'Horloge", and merged with the smaller associations Voix des Français, Renaissance 95, SOS Identité and the Mouvement associatif pour l'union de la droite.[27]

The first meeting under the new name was organized on 16 January 2016 with Charles Beigbeder, Christian Vanneste, Blot, De Lesquen, and Le Gallou.[28] The National Liberal Party (PNL) was founded in 2017[29] and publicly announced the following year to promote national liberal ideas,[30] and restore traditional French values and liberal economics through ideological influence rather than elected office. During the 2017 presidential election, Philippe Baccou, one of the prominent members of the club, was among the most influential political advisers of FN candidate Marine Le Pen.[31]

Carrefour de l'Horloge's president Henry de Lesquen runs a YouTube channel totaling several million views through which he participated in popularizing the concept of "remigration" in France,[21] and racialist theories built on anthropologist Carleton S. Coon's works.[32]

Views Edit

The Carrefour de l'Horloge recognizes what they call twelve "mentors":[33]

The ideology of the Carrefour de l'Horloge was originally inspired by social Darwinism, before gradually merging neoliberalism with racialism to create an "integral neo-Darwinism".[1] The think tank promotes in the 2010s economic liberalism, nationalism and popular democracy.[34] Political scientist Fiammetta Venner labelled the club "national radical" in 2006.[35]

The adoption of a liberal-national economy theory by the think tank during the 1970s led to a doctrinal break with GRECE, which had been denouncing economic liberalism as a "[destroyer of] collective identities and ‘rooted’ cultures and [...] a generator of uniformity". The common of defence of identity, however, allowed the Club and GRECE to operate as different factions within the wider Nouvelle Droite movement.[36] According to scholar Tamir-Baron, "the neo-liberal, hyper-capitalism espoused by the Club de l'Horloge is reminiscent of intellectuals Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman, as well as Anglo-American New Right (AANR) political forces such as Thatcherism and Reaganism. The AANR's neoliberalism has often been dubbed the European New Right's 'principal enemy' and is the source of vitriolic attacks against the United States, seen as the major representative of this materialistic worldview".[37]

The club is a supporter of popular democracy and theorized the citizens' initiative referendum back in 1986. The following year, Yvan Blot introduced a bill in the lower house to permit popular-initiative referendums, but failed to gain enough support.[38][39] The club praises "popular common sense" against what they call the "confiscation of democracy" by uprooted elites.[40] Blot's ideas have been influential on the Front National, which portrayed itself as the "best defender of democracy".[41]

Lysenko Prize Edit

Since 1990, the Carrefour de l'Horloge awards each year the satirical "Lysenko Prize" to an author or person who "has contributed the most to scientific and historical misinformation, using ideological methods and arguments."[42]

Notable members Edit

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Camus & Lebourg 2017, p. 121.
  2. ^ a b Camus & Lebourg 2017, pp. 42, 121.
  3. ^ Lamy 2016, p. 379.
  4. ^ Laurens 2014, p. 81: "Les premières formalisations du programme du Front national en matière d’immigration sont essentiellement issues du livre rédigé par Jean-Yves Le Gallou en 1985 (La Préférence nationale : réponse à l’immigration) et ainsi formulées dans les termes d’une contribution à la lutte contre le chômage."
  5. ^ a b Albertini, Dominique; Doucet, David (2016). La Fachosphère. Comment l'extrême droite remporte la bataille d'Internet (in French). Flammarion. ISBN 9782081354913.
  6. ^ Dupin 2017.
  7. ^ Lamy 2016, pp. 269–275.
  8. ^ Laurens 2014, p. 78.
  9. ^ Lamy 2016, pp. 264–265.
  10. ^ Lamy 2016, pp. 91–96.
  11. ^ a b c d McCulloch 2006, p. 163.
  12. ^ Laurens 2014, pp. 76–77.
  13. ^ Lamy 2016, p. 267.
  14. ^ Laurens 2014, p. 81.
  15. ^ Laurens 2014, pp. 82–84.
  16. ^ Laurens 2014, p. 86.
  17. ^ Laurens 2014, pp. 89–90; citing Poniatowski, M. (1978). L'Avenir n'est écrit nulle part (in French). Albin Michel. p. 88. ISBN 978-2-226-00730-8. [p. 127] Les pays de race blanche qui pendant des millénaires ont conduit à un rythme de progrès toujours plus rapide la civilisation du monde sont en danger de disparition. [...] L'Europe se meurt. De 1964 à 1977, dans les pays d'origine européenne les plus modernes et les plus industrialisés, la fécondité a diminué de moitié. [...] Malgré les campagnes comme celle de Michel Debré ou Georges Suffert, le mur de l'indifférence n'a pas été traversé et l'opinion ne perçoit pas que le renversement de la courbe démographique met en cause l'avenir des peuples blancs. [...] Elle se bouche les oreilles pour ne pas entendre les vérités premières et évidentes : il faut des enfants pour payer les retraites, un pays sans enfants est un pays qui se meurt, les immigrés vont vous pousser hors de chez vous.
  18. ^ a b Laurens 2014, p. 91.
  19. ^ Lamy 2016, p. 560.
  20. ^ Laurens 2014, p. 80.
  21. ^ a b Sulzer, Alexandre (28 April 2016). "Les propos nauséabonds d'Henry de Lesquen, multirécidiviste de la haine". L'Express (in French). Retrieved 2019-08-04.
  22. ^ "Le FN va-t-il entrer en crise?". Slate.fr (in French). 2017-04-25. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
  23. ^ Albertini, Dominique (26 April 2016). "Henry de Lesquen, au nom de la race". Libération (in French). Retrieved 2019-08-08.
  24. ^ Dely, Renaud (24 August 1998). "Un Été 98. A suivre: l'irrésistible ascension de Bruno Mégret (1). L'allégeance faite à Le Pen. Après la déroute de sa liste aux européennes de 1984, Mégret rejoint le Front national. Plus par stratégie que par véritable conviction". Libération (in French).
  25. ^ Lamy 2016, pp. 405–406, 535.
  26. ^ Lamy 2016, p. 350.
  27. ^ de Boissieu, Laurent (3 May 2019). "Carrefour de l'Horloge (CDH)". France Politique.
  28. ^ "Premières rencontres du Carrefour de l'Horloge, le 16 janvier 2016". Henry de Lesquen (in French). 2015-12-12. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
  29. ^ "Consulter les annonces du JO Association". Journal Officiel. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
  30. ^ Lamy 2016, pp. 373–374.
  31. ^ Dufresne, David; Turchi, Marine. "Les conseillers secrets de la campagne de Marine Le Pen". Mediapart (in French). Retrieved 2019-08-08.
  32. ^ Pagès, Arnaud (17 November 2016). "J'ai demandé à Henry de Lesquen s'il croyait vraiment à ses théories racistes délirantes". Vice (in French). Retrieved 2019-08-05.
  33. ^ Canlorbe, Grégoire (18 July 2017). "Entretien avec Henry de Lesquen – par Grégoire Canlorbe". Henry de Lesquen (in French). Retrieved 2019-08-05.
  34. ^ Laurent, Mathieu (2011). Les Structures non-partisanes dans le champ politique (thèse de doctorat en science politique), université Paris-IV, p. 101.
  35. ^ Venner 2006.
  36. ^ McCulloch 2006, p. 164.
  37. ^ Bar-On, Tamir (2007). Where Have All the Fascists Gone?. Ashgate Publishing. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-7546-7154-1.
  38. ^ Lamy, Philippe (3 March 2019). "" Le référendum d'initiative citoyenne, une proposition venue de la " droite de droite """ (in French). Retrieved 2019-08-07.
  39. ^ de Boissieu, Laurent (20 December 2018). "Le RIC, de la gauche autogestionnaire à l'extrême droite". La Croix (in French). ISSN 0242-6056.
  40. ^ Lamy 2016, pp. 545–546.
  41. ^ Lamy 2016, p. 548.
  42. ^ Collet, Isabell; Dayer, Caroline (2014). Former envers et contre le genre (in French). De Boeck Superieur. ISBN 9782804189242.
  43. ^ a b Lamy 2016, p. 422.

Bibliography Edit

  • Camus, Jean-Yves; Lebourg, Nicolas (2017). Far-Right Politics in Europe. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674971530.
  • Dupin, Éric (2017). La France identitaire: Enquête sur la réaction qui vient (in French). La Découverte. ISBN 9782707194848.
  • Venner, Fiammetta (2006). Extreme France (in French). Grasset. ISBN 9782246666097.
  • Lamy, Philippe (2016). Le Club de l'Horloge (1974-2002) : évolution et mutation d'un laboratoire idéologique (PhD thesis) (in French). University of Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis.
  • Laurens, Sylvain (2014). "Le Club de l'horloge et la haute administration : promouvoir l'hostilité à l'immigration dans l'entre-soi mondain". Agone. 54 (2): 73–94. doi:10.3917/agone.054.0073.
  • McCulloch, Tom (2006). "The Nouvelle Droite in the 1980s and 1990s: Ideology and Entryism, the Relationship with the Front National". French Politics. 4 (2): 158–178. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200099. ISSN 1476-3427.

External links Edit

  • Official website   (in French)

October 18, 2023
carrefour, horloge, literally, clock, crossroad, formerly, club, horloge, 1974, 2015, french, right, national, liberal, think, tank, founded, 1974, presided, henry, lesquen, organization, promotes, integral, darwinist, philosophy, characterized, form, economic. The Carrefour de l Horloge literally The Clock Crossroad formerly Club de l Horloge 1974 2015 is a French far right national liberal think tank founded in 1974 and presided by Henry de Lesquen 1 The organization promotes an integral neo Darwinist philosophy characterized by a form of economic liberalism infused with ethnic nationalism 2 Carrefour de l HorlogeFormation1974 49 years ago 1974 FounderHenry de Lesquen Jean Yves Le Gallou Yvan Blot and othersTypeMeta political clubPurposeNationalismeconomic liberalismHeadquartersParisLeaderHenry de LesquenWebsitehttp cdh frFormerly calledClub de l HorlogeBorn as a splinter group from GRECE in the years 1974 79 the Carrefour de l Horloge shares many similarities with the Nouvelle Droite although it stands out by its defense of Catholicism and economic liberalism Like the Nouvelle Droite they use meta political strategies to diffuse their ideas in wider society however the Carrefour de l Horloge favours more direct methods such as entryism into mainstream parties and senior public offices along with the creation of catch all slogans to influence the public debate The group and its members have for instance coined terms like national preference and re information 3 4 5 and participated in popularizing the concepts of Great Replacement and remigration in France 6 Contents 1 History 1 1 Background 1968 1973 1 2 Emergence 1974 1979 1 3 Club de l Horloge 1980 2014 1 4 Renaming and revival 2015 present 2 Views 3 Lysenko Prize 4 Notable members 5 See also 6 References 6 1 Bibliography 7 External linksHistory EditBackground 1968 1973 Edit The origin of the Carrefour de l Horloge can be traced back to the Cercle Pareto a club established in Science Po by students associated with GRECE an ethno nationalist think tank founded in January 1968 by Alain de Benoist and other far right militants The Cercle was founded at the end of the same year by Yvan Blot and other students hostile to the left wing May 1968 unrests He was soon joined by Jean Yves Le Gallou 1969 Guillaume Faye 1970 Daniel Garrigue and Georges Henri Bousquet 7 The Cercle had around 30 members in the winter of 1970 Many of the founding members of the Club de l Horloge met at the elite Ecole Nationale d Administration ENA between 1972 and 1974 among them were Le Gallou Henry de Lesquen Jean Paul Antoine Didier Maupas and Bernard Mazin 8 In 1973 three Cercle members Blot Le Gallou and Mazin tried to convince de Benoist to enter politics which he ardently refused 9 Emergence 1974 1979 EditThe Carrefour de l Horloge was created as Club de l Horloge on 10 July 1974 by Jean Yves Le Gallou Yvan Blot Henry de Lesquen Daniel Garrigue and others 10 The founders who graduated from high ranked schools regarded themselves as part of an elite think tank whose project was diffusing nationalist ideas within the public sphere and serving as a link between GRECE mainstream politics and senior public offices in France 11 12 1 Bruno Megret joined the Club in 1975 13 nbsp Jean Yves Le Gallou prominent member of the Carrefour de l Horloge 11 From 1975 Le Gallou served as a civil administrator at the Minister of the Interior where he tried to diffuse his political ideas in administrative reports In charge of the redaction of a local study he linked the social issues facing the city of Chanteloup les Vignes with immigration but his theories were toned down by his hierarchy in the final version 14 In March 1976 however Le Gallou managed to have an article on the economic assessment of immigration published in the magazine Administration which was sent to all French Prefects Co written by Le Gallou and Philippe Baccou the article described immigration as posing as many or more problems in the long term as it solves and insisted on the ethno cultural barriers to integration in the future the labour reserve will be situated in the remotest countries where the population is less assimilable 15 Between 1974 and 1982 the Club invited to their conferences numerous high ranking public servants and politicians which represented half of the attendants the remaining seats being filled by journalists academics and businessmen Among them were Yves Guena Michel Jobert Philippe Malaud Pierre Mazeaud Raymond Marcellin Michel Debre Jean Lecanuet Alain Madelin Michel Poniatowski Rene Monory Jean Marcel Jeanneney Maurice Couve de Murville Edgar Faure Alain Juppe Lionel Stoleru or Jean Louis Gergorin 16 In the 1970s the Club de l Horloge was for some time under the protection of French Minister of the Interior Michel Poniatowski 1 Between 1974 and 1978 the progression of nativist ideas in the public discourse of Poniatowski can be attributed in part to the influence of the Club and the Nouvelle Droite Poniatowski largely citing their works in his 1978 book L avenir n est ecrit nulle part From India to Iceland Poniatowski writes almost all white populations have the same cultural origin and an ethnological kinship confirmed by the specific distribution of blood groups 17 However apart from the local influence of Yvan Blot who served as an Inspector General at the Ministry of the Interior under Poniatowski and Christian Bonnet the official policy of the government on immigration remained mostly of out reach of the Club s influence 18 The book La Politique du vivant The Politics of living published in 1979 under the direction of De Lesquen stemmed from GRECE theories on sociobiology genetic determinism and social Darwinism 11 The same year Henry de Lesquen was invited on the French TV literary talk show Apostrophes to debate the Nouvelle Droite 19 However a media campaign against the Nouvelle Droite and the Club that denounced the Vichyst sympathies of the French authorities damaged their public reputation in France 18 The ideological agenda of the Club during this period can be defined as a syncretism of neo liberalism right wing nationalism and eugenistic doctrines Their advocacy of liberalism gradually clashed with the philosophy of GRECE and with de Benoist in particular who associated the idea with Americanism and materialism 20 Dismissing the long term meta political strategy of de Benoist and GRECE whose Le Gallou and Blot were former members the Club de l Horloge aimed at more immediate results and instead favoured a tactic of entryism inside the two French mainstream right wing parties of the period the Rally for the Republic RPR and the Union for French Democracy UDF 11 Since the years 1979 80 the Club de l Horloge has distanced itself from the neo paganism and anti capitalism of GRECE and the Nouvelle Droite promoting instead a form of economic liberalism strongly tainted with ethnic nationalism 2 Club de l Horloge 1980 2014 Edit nbsp Henry de Lesquen current president of the club and provocative blogger is one of the main promoters of the concept of remigration in France 21 The Club s strategy of entryism began to show some success in the 1980s Le Gallou entered the UDF in the early 1980s 22 while many other lead members such as Megret from 1975 to 1982 De Lesquen 1977 85 23 or Blot 1979 88 24 were already part of the RPR As Le Gallou grew in importance he developed and promoted the concept of national preference 25 and served as a link between the Club and the far right party Front National FN which he joined in 1985 1 The Club de l Horloge created in 1990 the Lysenko prize in reference to Soviet pseudo scientist Trofim Lysenko The satirical award has since been attributed each year to a public figure who has in their view contributed to spreading scientific or historical misinformation with ideological methods and arguments 26 Bruno Megret coined in 1997 the word re information to designate nationalist news outlets that opposed the mainstream media a term that has since been widely used by far right online websites in France 5 Renaming and revival 2015 present Edit In September 2015 the Club de l Horloge was renamed Carrefour de l Horloge and merged with the smaller associations Voix des Francais Renaissance 95 SOS Identite and the Mouvement associatif pour l union de la droite 27 The first meeting under the new name was organized on 16 January 2016 with Charles Beigbeder Christian Vanneste Blot De Lesquen and Le Gallou 28 The National Liberal Party PNL was founded in 2017 29 and publicly announced the following year to promote national liberal ideas 30 and restore traditional French values and liberal economics through ideological influence rather than elected office During the 2017 presidential election Philippe Baccou one of the prominent members of the club was among the most influential political advisers of FN candidate Marine Le Pen 31 Carrefour de l Horloge s president Henry de Lesquen runs a YouTube channel totaling several million views through which he participated in popularizing the concept of remigration in France 21 and racialist theories built on anthropologist Carleton S Coon s works 32 Views EditThe Carrefour de l Horloge recognizes what they call twelve mentors 33 Philosophy Edmund Burke Hippolyte Taine Julien Freund Economics Friedrich Hayek Ludwig von Mises Sociology Gustave Le Bon Arnold Gehlen Vilfredo Pareto Jules Monnerot Laws Carl Schmitt Biology Konrad Lorenz and Jacques Monod The ideology of the Carrefour de l Horloge was originally inspired by social Darwinism before gradually merging neoliberalism with racialism to create an integral neo Darwinism 1 The think tank promotes in the 2010s economic liberalism nationalism and popular democracy 34 Political scientist Fiammetta Venner labelled the club national radical in 2006 35 The adoption of a liberal national economy theory by the think tank during the 1970s led to a doctrinal break with GRECE which had been denouncing economic liberalism as a destroyer of collective identities and rooted cultures and a generator of uniformity The common of defence of identity however allowed the Club and GRECE to operate as different factions within the wider Nouvelle Droite movement 36 According to scholar Tamir Baron the neo liberal hyper capitalism espoused by the Club de l Horloge is reminiscent of intellectuals Friedrich Hayek and Milton Friedman as well as Anglo American New Right AANR political forces such as Thatcherism and Reaganism The AANR s neoliberalism has often been dubbed the European New Right s principal enemy and is the source of vitriolic attacks against the United States seen as the major representative of this materialistic worldview 37 The club is a supporter of popular democracy and theorized the citizens initiative referendum back in 1986 The following year Yvan Blot introduced a bill in the lower house to permit popular initiative referendums but failed to gain enough support 38 39 The club praises popular common sense against what they call the confiscation of democracy by uprooted elites 40 Blot s ideas have been influential on the Front National which portrayed itself as the best defender of democracy 41 Lysenko Prize EditSince 1990 the Carrefour de l Horloge awards each year the satirical Lysenko Prize to an author or person who has contributed the most to scientific and historical misinformation using ideological methods and arguments 42 Notable members EditHenry de Lesquen Jean Yves Le Gallou Yvan Blot Bruno Megret Alain Madelin 43 Gerard Longuet 43 Pierre Chaunu Daniel Garrigue Jules Monnerot Achille Dauphin Meunier Franck Gilard Christian Noyer Henri de La Bastide Christian Vanneste Yves Thibault de Silguy Maryvonne de Saint Pulgent Pascal Lorot Yvan Durand Pierre Debray RitzenSee also EditNational liberalism Remigration Ghost skinReferences Edit a b c d e Camus amp Lebourg 2017 p 121 a b Camus amp Lebourg 2017 pp 42 121 Lamy 2016 p 379 Laurens 2014 p 81 Les premieres formalisations du programme du Front national en matiere d immigration sont essentiellement issues du livre redige par Jean Yves Le Gallou en 1985 La Preference nationale reponse a l immigration et ainsi formulees dans les termes d une contribution a la lutte contre le chomage a b Albertini Dominique Doucet David 2016 La Fachosphere Comment l extreme droite remporte la bataille d Internet in French Flammarion ISBN 9782081354913 Dupin 2017 Lamy 2016 pp 269 275 Laurens 2014 p 78 Lamy 2016 pp 264 265 Lamy 2016 pp 91 96 a b c d McCulloch 2006 p 163 Laurens 2014 pp 76 77 Lamy 2016 p 267 Laurens 2014 p 81 Laurens 2014 pp 82 84 Laurens 2014 p 86 Laurens 2014 pp 89 90 citing Poniatowski M 1978 L Avenir n est ecrit nulle part in French Albin Michel p 88 ISBN 978 2 226 00730 8 p 127 Les pays de race blanche qui pendant des millenaires ont conduit a un rythme de progres toujours plus rapide la civilisation du monde sont en danger de disparition L Europe se meurt De 1964 a 1977 dans les pays d origine europeenne les plus modernes et les plus industrialises la fecondite a diminue de moitie Malgre les campagnes comme celle de Michel Debre ou Georges Suffert le mur de l indifference n a pas ete traverse et l opinion ne percoit pas que le renversement de la courbe demographique met en cause l avenir des peuples blancs Elle se bouche les oreilles pour ne pas entendre les verites premieres et evidentes il faut des enfants pour payer les retraites un pays sans enfants est un pays qui se meurt les immigres vont vous pousser hors de chez vous a b Laurens 2014 p 91 Lamy 2016 p 560 Laurens 2014 p 80 a b Sulzer Alexandre 28 April 2016 Les propos nauseabonds d Henry de Lesquen multirecidiviste de la haine L Express in French Retrieved 2019 08 04 Le FN va t il entrer en crise Slate fr in French 2017 04 25 Retrieved 2019 08 08 Albertini Dominique 26 April 2016 Henry de Lesquen au nom de la race Liberation in French Retrieved 2019 08 08 Dely Renaud 24 August 1998 Un Ete 98 A suivre l irresistible ascension de Bruno Megret 1 L allegeance faite a Le Pen Apres la deroute de sa liste aux europeennes de 1984 Megret rejoint le Front national Plus par strategie que par veritable conviction Liberation in French Lamy 2016 pp 405 406 535 Lamy 2016 p 350 de Boissieu Laurent 3 May 2019 Carrefour de l Horloge CDH France Politique Premieres rencontres du Carrefour de l Horloge le 16 janvier 2016 Henry de Lesquen in French 2015 12 12 Retrieved 2019 08 08 Consulter les annonces du JO Association Journal Officiel Retrieved 2019 08 08 Lamy 2016 pp 373 374 Dufresne David Turchi Marine Les conseillers secrets de la campagne de Marine Le Pen Mediapart in French Retrieved 2019 08 08 Pages Arnaud 17 November 2016 J ai demande a Henry de Lesquen s il croyait vraiment a ses theories racistes delirantes Vice in French Retrieved 2019 08 05 Canlorbe Gregoire 18 July 2017 Entretien avec Henry de Lesquen par Gregoire Canlorbe Henry de Lesquen in French Retrieved 2019 08 05 Laurent Mathieu 2011 Les Structures non partisanes dans le champ politique these de doctorat en science politique universite Paris IV p 101 Venner 2006 McCulloch 2006 p 164 Bar On Tamir 2007 Where Have All the Fascists Gone Ashgate Publishing p 37 ISBN 978 0 7546 7154 1 Lamy Philippe 3 March 2019 Le referendum d initiative citoyenne une proposition venue de la droite de droite in French Retrieved 2019 08 07 de Boissieu Laurent 20 December 2018 Le RIC de la gauche autogestionnaire a l extreme droite La Croix in French ISSN 0242 6056 Lamy 2016 pp 545 546 Lamy 2016 p 548 Collet Isabell Dayer Caroline 2014 Former envers et contre le genre in French De Boeck Superieur ISBN 9782804189242 a b Lamy 2016 p 422 Bibliography Edit Camus Jean Yves Lebourg Nicolas 2017 Far Right Politics in Europe Harvard University Press ISBN 978 0674971530 Dupin Eric 2017 La France identitaire Enquete sur la reaction qui vient in French La Decouverte ISBN 9782707194848 Venner Fiammetta 2006 Extreme France in French Grasset ISBN 9782246666097 Lamy Philippe 2016 Le Club de l Horloge 1974 2002 evolution et mutation d un laboratoire ideologique PhD thesis in French University of Paris 8 Vincennes Saint Denis Laurens Sylvain 2014 Le Club de l horloge et la haute administration promouvoir l hostilite a l immigration dans l entre soi mondain Agone 54 2 73 94 doi 10 3917 agone 054 0073 McCulloch Tom 2006 The Nouvelle Droite in the 1980s and 1990s Ideology and Entryism the Relationship with the Front National French Politics 4 2 158 178 doi 10 1057 palgrave fp 8200099 ISSN 1476 3427 External links EditOfficial website nbsp in French Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Carrefour de l 27Horloge amp oldid 1166938241, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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