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A prefect (French: préfet, plural préfets) in France is the state's representative in a department or region. Subprefects (French: sous-préfets) are responsible for the subdivisions of departments, known as arrondissements. The office of a prefect is known as a prefecture and that of a subprefect as a subprefecture. Regional prefects are ex officio the departmental prefects of the regional prefecture.
Prefects are tasked with upholding the law in the department they serve in, including controlling the actions of local authorities to ensure adhesion to national guidelines. They are authorised to sue local collectivities in the name of the state.[1]
Prefects are appointed by a decree of the President of France when presiding the Government's Council of Ministers, following a proposal by the Prime Minister and the Minister of the Interior.[2] They serve at the Government's discretion and can be replaced at any meeting of the Council of Ministers.
From 1982 to 1988, under the Socialist administration of President François Mitterrand, prefects were called commissaires de la République (the Republic's commissioners) and subprefects commissaires adjoints de la République (the Republic's deputy commissioners).[3]
Their roles were initially similar to those of the pre-revolutionary intendants.[4] Prefects were initially charged with supervising local governments in their department, ensuring that taxes flowed to Paris and supervising conscription at the local level.[5]
Currently, the main role of the prefect is defined in article 72 of the Constitution of France:
In the local governments of the Republic, the representative of the State, representing each member of the Government, is in charge of national interests, of administrative checks, and the respect of Law.
The exact role and attributions are defined in decrees, most notably decrees of 1964, 1982, 2004, each replacing the preceding one.
The prefect of the département containing the chef-lieu de région is also the préfet de région, or the prefect of the région.
ensuring respect for legality: officials working for the prefect verify the legality of decisions made by local governments and submit doubtful cases to administrative courts or to financial auditing courts.
Prefects may issue administrative orders in areas falling within the competency of the national government, including general safety. For instance, they may prohibit the use of certain roads without special tyres in times of snow. The prohibition on smoking or leaving the motor running while filling the fuel tank of a motor vehicle is another example of a matter typically decided by a prefectoral administrative order.
For much of the time after 1800, the departments largely functioned as transmission belts for policies developed in Paris. As such, prefects originally had fairly extensive powers of supervision and control over departmental affairs. This was especially true during the Consulate and the First and Second Empires when even the most trivial local matter had to be referred to the prefect. Since 1982, local government has been progressively decentralized, and the prefect's role has largely been limited to preventing local policies from conflicting with national policy.
Special cases
In New Caledonia and French Polynesia, the prefect's roles, with certain differences in status, are fulfilled by a high commissioner; in Wallis and Futuna, by a superior administrator.
The French Southern and Antarctic Lands used to be run by a superior administrator, but since 2004 are run by a prefect. The prefect, however, is not based in the territories, but in Réunion.
Paris, which is both a city (commune) and a department, is an exception. While it has a prefect, who is also prefect of the Île-de-France region, another prefect handles law enforcement in Paris and some surrounding areas, as well many other administrative duties: the Prefect of Police of Paris. In Paris, the law enforcement powers exercised in other French cities and towns by the mayor belong to the Prefect of Police. In 2012, a Prefecture of Police of the Bouches-du-Rhône was also created, seated at Marseille, with similar powers.
The authority of the state over the sea is exercised by the Maritime Prefect of the relevant region.
(in French) Decree of 14 March 1964, regarding the powers of prefects
(in French) Decree of 10 May 1982, regarding the powers of prefects
(in French) Decree of 29 April 2004, regarding the powers of prefects
References
^"Burkini dans les piscines de Grenoble : le préfet de l'Isère saisira le tribunal administratif en cas d'autorisation par le conseil municipal", francetvinfo (in French), 15 May 2022.
^(in French) Decree 64-805 of 29 July 1964, current version.
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in French January 2021 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the French article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 427 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Prefect France see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated fr Prefect France to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation A prefect French prefet plural prefets in France is the state s representative in a department or region Subprefects French sous prefets are responsible for the subdivisions of departments known as arrondissements The office of a prefect is known as a prefecture and that of a subprefect as a subprefecture Regional prefects are ex officio the departmental prefects of the regional prefecture Pascal Mailhos then prefect of the Haute Garonne department in Toulouse in 2014 Prefects are tasked with upholding the law in the department they serve in including controlling the actions of local authorities to ensure adhesion to national guidelines They are authorised to sue local collectivities in the name of the state 1 Prefects are appointed by a decree of the President of France when presiding the Government s Council of Ministers following a proposal by the Prime Minister and the Minister of the Interior 2 They serve at the Government s discretion and can be replaced at any meeting of the Council of Ministers From 1982 to 1988 under the Socialist administration of President Francois Mitterrand prefects were called commissaires de la Republique the Republic s commissioners and subprefects commissaires adjoints de la Republique the Republic s deputy commissioners 3 Contents 1 Roles 2 Special cases 3 See also 4 External links 5 ReferencesRoles Edit Jean Luc Videlaine then prefect of the Finistere department in dress uniform at Bastille Day 2015 in Brest Uniform hat of a French prefect during the Second World War The post of prefect was first created on 17 February 1800 by then First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte Their roles were initially similar to those of the pre revolutionary intendants 4 Prefects were initially charged with supervising local governments in their department ensuring that taxes flowed to Paris and supervising conscription at the local level 5 Currently the main role of the prefect is defined in article 72 of the Constitution of France In the local governments of the Republic the representative of the State representing each member of the Government is in charge of national interests of administrative checks and the respect of Law The exact role and attributions are defined in decrees most notably decrees of 1964 1982 2004 each replacing the preceding one The prefect of the departement containing the chef lieu de region is also the prefet de region or the prefect of the region Prefects operate under the minister of the interior Their main missions include representing the state to local governments security the coordination of police and gendarmerie forces handling major crises emergency defence procedures safety the decision to evacuate zones facing natural disasters the organisation of relief operations responsibility for official documents such as the production of identity documents including identity cards and passports the issuing of driving licences and their administrative withdrawal in case of certain offences the application of immigration rules ensuring respect for legality officials working for the prefect verify the legality of decisions made by local governments and submit doubtful cases to administrative courts or to financial auditing courts Prefects may issue administrative orders in areas falling within the competency of the national government including general safety For instance they may prohibit the use of certain roads without special tyres in times of snow The prohibition on smoking or leaving the motor running while filling the fuel tank of a motor vehicle is another example of a matter typically decided by a prefectoral administrative order On official occasions prefects wear uniforms For much of the time after 1800 the departments largely functioned as transmission belts for policies developed in Paris As such prefects originally had fairly extensive powers of supervision and control over departmental affairs This was especially true during the Consulate and the First and Second Empires when even the most trivial local matter had to be referred to the prefect Since 1982 local government has been progressively decentralized and the prefect s role has largely been limited to preventing local policies from conflicting with national policy Special cases EditIn New Caledonia and French Polynesia the prefect s roles with certain differences in status are fulfilled by a high commissioner in Wallis and Futuna by a superior administrator The French Southern and Antarctic Lands used to be run by a superior administrator but since 2004 are run by a prefect The prefect however is not based in the territories but in Reunion Paris which is both a city commune and a department is an exception While it has a prefect who is also prefect of the Ile de France region another prefect handles law enforcement in Paris and some surrounding areas as well many other administrative duties the Prefect of Police of Paris In Paris the law enforcement powers exercised in other French cities and towns by the mayor belong to the Prefect of Police In 2012 a Prefecture of Police of the Bouches du Rhone was also created seated at Marseille with similar powers The authority of the state over the sea is exercised by the Maritime Prefect of the relevant region See also EditPrefect Subprefect Maritime prefect Prefectures in FranceExternal links Edit in French Decree of 14 March 1964 regarding the powers of prefects in French Decree of 10 May 1982 regarding the powers of prefects in French Decree of 29 April 2004 regarding the powers of prefectsReferences Edit Burkini dans les piscines de Grenoble le prefet de l Isere saisira le tribunal administratif en cas d autorisation par le conseil municipal francetvinfo in French 15 May 2022 in French Decree 64 805 of 29 July 1964 current version See 1982 decree amended by a 1988 02 29 decree Prefect at Encyclopedia Britannica France The Napoleonic era at Encyclopedia Britannica Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Prefect France amp oldid 1128016249, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
