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Circumpolar peoples

December 14, 2023

Circumpolar peoples and Arctic peoples are umbrella terms for the various indigenous peoples of the Arctic.

Circumpolar coastal human population distribution ca. 2009 (includes both Indigenous and non-Indigenous)

Prehistory edit

The earliest inhabitants of North America's central and eastern Arctic are referred to as the Arctic small tool tradition (AST) and existed c. 2500 BC. AST consisted of several Paleo-Eskimo cultures, including the Independence cultures and Pre-Dorset culture.[1][2] The Dorset culture (Inuktitut: Tuniit or Tunit) refers to the next inhabitants of central and eastern Arctic. The Dorset culture evolved because of technological and economic changes during the period of 1050–550 BC. With the exception of the Quebec/Labrador peninsula, the Dorset culture vanished around 1500 AD.[3]

Dorset/Thule culture transition dates around the 9th–10th centuries. Scientists theorize that there may have been cross-contact of the two cultures with sharing of technology, such as fashioning harpoon heads, or the Thule may have found Dorset remnants and adapted their ways with the predecessor culture.[4] Others believe the Thule displaced the Dorset.[citation needed]

Historical and contemporary peoples edit

By 1300, the Inuit, present-day Arctic inhabitants and descendants of Thule culture, had settled in west Greenland, and moved into east Greenland over the following century. Over time, the Inuit have migrated throughout the Arctic regions of Canada, Greenland, Russia and the United States.[5]

Other Circumpolar North Indigenous peoples include the Chukchi, Evenks, Inupiat, Khanty, Koryaks, Nenets, Sami, Yukaghir, and Yupik. Yupik People still refer to themselves as Eskimo which means "snowshoe netters", not "raw meat eaters" as it is sometimes mistakenly translated.[6]

List of peoples by ethnolinguistic grouping edit

 
Chukchi, one of many Indigenous peoples of Siberia. Representation of a Chukchi family by Louis Choris (1816)

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Hoffecker, John F. (2005). A prehistory of the north: human settlement of the higher latitudes. Rutgers University Press. p. 130. ISBN 0-8135-3469-0.
  2. ^ Gibbon, pp. 28–31
  3. ^ Gibbon, pp. 216–217
  4. ^ Gibbon, p. 218
  5. ^ "First Nations Culture Areas Index". the Canadian Museum of Civilization.
  6. ^ "Arctic Peoples". British Museum.

Bibliography edit

  • Takashi Irimoto, Takako Yamada (eds.) Circumpolar Religion and Ecology: An Anthropology of the North, University of Tokyo Press, 1994, ISBN 9780860085157.

December 14, 2023
circumpolar, peoples, arctic, peoples, umbrella, terms, various, indigenous, peoples, arctic, circumpolar, coastal, human, population, distribution, 2009, includes, both, indigenous, indigenous, contents, prehistory, historical, contemporary, peoples, list, pe. Circumpolar peoples and Arctic peoples are umbrella terms for the various indigenous peoples of the Arctic Circumpolar coastal human population distribution ca 2009 includes both Indigenous and non Indigenous Contents 1 Prehistory 2 Historical and contemporary peoples 2 1 List of peoples by ethnolinguistic grouping 3 See also 4 References 5 BibliographyPrehistory editThe earliest inhabitants of North America s central and eastern Arctic are referred to as the Arctic small tool tradition AST and existed c 2500 BC AST consisted of several Paleo Eskimo cultures including the Independence cultures and Pre Dorset culture 1 2 The Dorset culture Inuktitut Tuniit or Tunit refers to the next inhabitants of central and eastern Arctic The Dorset culture evolved because of technological and economic changes during the period of 1050 550 BC With the exception of the Quebec Labrador peninsula the Dorset culture vanished around 1500 AD 3 Dorset Thule culture transition dates around the 9th 10th centuries Scientists theorize that there may have been cross contact of the two cultures with sharing of technology such as fashioning harpoon heads or the Thule may have found Dorset remnants and adapted their ways with the predecessor culture 4 Others believe the Thule displaced the Dorset citation needed Historical and contemporary peoples editBy 1300 the Inuit present day Arctic inhabitants and descendants of Thule culture had settled in west Greenland and moved into east Greenland over the following century Over time the Inuit have migrated throughout the Arctic regions of Canada Greenland Russia and the United States 5 Other Circumpolar North Indigenous peoples include the Chukchi Evenks Inupiat Khanty Koryaks Nenets Sami Yukaghir and Yupik Yupik People still refer to themselves as Eskimo which means snowshoe netters not raw meat eaters as it is sometimes mistakenly translated 6 List of peoples by ethnolinguistic grouping edit nbsp Chukchi one of many Indigenous peoples of Siberia Representation of a Chukchi family by Louis Choris 1816 Ancient Beringian Siberia and Alaska Chukotko Kamchatkan Chukchi Siberia Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Russia Koryaks Siberia Kamchatka Krai Russia Tungusic Evenks China Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang Mongolia Russia Evens Siberia Magadan Oblast Kamchatka Krai and Sakha Russia Turkic Northeast Turkic Dolgans Siberia Krasnoyarsk Krai Russia Yakuts Siberia Sakha Russia Eskimo Aleut Eskimo nbsp An Inuit igloo village 1824 by George Francis LyonYupik Alaska and the Russian Far East Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Alutiiq Alaska Central Alaskan Yup ik Alaska Cup ik Alaska Cup ig Nunivak Island Alaska Siberian Yupik Siberia Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Russia Inuit Greenland Northern Canada Nunavut Nunavik Nunatsiavut Northwest Territories Inuvik Region and Yukon Alaska United States Kalaallit Greenland Inupiat Northwest Arctic and North Slope boroughs and the Bering Straits Alaska United States Aleut Aleutian Islands Alaska United States and Kamchatka Krai Russia Uralic Finno Ugric Permian Komi Russia Komi Republic and Perm Krai Udmurt Russia nbsp Sami people in Norway c 1900 painted by Wilhelm Peters Sami Northern Norway Sweden Finland Russia Murmansk Oblast Balto Finnic Finns Finland Norway Karelians Finland Russia Samoyedic Nenets Russia Enets Siberia Krasnoyarsk Krai Russia Nganasan Siberia Krasnoyarsk Krai Russia Selkup Siberia Russia Yukaghirs East Siberia Russia Indo European nbsp Russia s Arctic coastline from the White Sea to the Bering Strait had been explored and settled by Pomors Russian settlers from Novgorod Germanic North Germanic Icelanders Iceland Norwegians Norway Swedes Sweden Slavic East Slavic Pomors and other Russians RussiaSee also editIndigenous peoples of Siberia Indigenous peoples of the Subarctic Inuit Circumpolar CouncilReferences edit Hoffecker John F 2005 A prehistory of the north human settlement of the higher latitudes Rutgers University Press p 130 ISBN 0 8135 3469 0 Gibbon pp 28 31 Gibbon pp 216 217 Gibbon p 218 First Nations Culture Areas Index the Canadian Museum of Civilization Arctic Peoples British Museum Bibliography editTakashi Irimoto Takako Yamada eds Circumpolar Religion and Ecology An Anthropology of the North University of Tokyo Press 1994 ISBN 9780860085157 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Circumpolar peoples amp oldid 1150483621, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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