This article is about the genetic lineage associated with the peopling of the Americas. For the archaeogenetics of the USR population, see Upward Sun River site § Archaeogenetics.
The Ancient Beringian lineage is extinct, and is not found as a contribution to modern indigenous lineages in Alaska. The 2018 study suggests that the AB lineage was replaced by or absorbed in a back-migration of "North Native American" (NNA) to Alaska. The modern Athabaskan populations are derived from an admixture of this NNA back-migration and a Paleo-Siberian (Early Paleo-Eskimo) lineage before about 2,500 years ago.[3]
The discovery was made from archaeogenetic analyses on the remains of two female infants discovered in 2013 at the Upward Sun River site (USR).[1] The USR site is affiliated with the Denali Complex, a dispersed archaeological culture of the American Arctic. The genomic analysis of nuclear DNA of the older of the two infants (USR1) was done at the Centre for Geogenetics at the University of Copenhagen's Natural History Museum of Denmark. Results from the team's genetic analysis were published in January 2018 in the scientific journal Nature. The analysis compared the infant's genomes with both ancient and contemporary genomes. The results suggested that the pre-"Ancestral Native American" lineage derived from the East Asian lineage after 36 kya, with gene flow until about 25 kya. During 25–20 kya, this lineage was substantially mixed with the Ancient North Eurasian lineage, to form the "Ancestral Native American" lineage by 20 kya. The "Ancient Beringian" (AB) lineage derived from ANA and persisted without significant admixture in Alaska until the time of USR1, some 8,000 years later. The lineage of other Paleo-Indians diverged from AB at ca. 20–18 kya, and further divided into "North Native American" (NNA) and "South Native American" lineages between 17.5 kya and 14.6 kya, reflecting the dispersal associated with the early peopling of the Americas.[1]
^ abcMoreno-Mayar, J. Víctor; Potter, Ben A.; Vinner, Lasse; Steinrücken, Matthias; Rasmussen, Simon; Terhorst, Jonathan; Kamm, John A.; Albrechtsen, Anders; Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo; Sikora, Martin; Reuther, Joshua D.; Irish, Joel D.; Malhi, Ripan S.; Orlando, Ludovic; Song, Yun S.; Nielsen, Rasmus; Meltzer, David J.; Willerslev, Eske (2018), "Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans", Nature, Macmillan Publishers Limited, 553 (7687): 203–207, Bibcode:2018Natur.553..203M, doi:10.1038/nature25173, PMID 29323294, S2CID 4454580, retrieved January 3, 2018
^Confidence intervals given in Moreno-Mayar et al. (2018):
26.1-23-9 kya for the separation of the East Asian lineage of ANA from modern East Asian populations;
25-20 kya for the admixture event of ANE and early East Asian lineages ancestral to ANA;
22.0-18.1 kya for the separation of Ancient Beringian from other Paleo-Indian lineages;
17.5-14.6 kya for the separation of Paleo Indian into North Native Americans (NNA) and South Native Americans (SNA).
^Moreno-Mayar et al. (2018), fig. 3; Supplementary Material[permanent dead link] p. 37. "While the population represented by USR1 most likely occupied interior Alaska at least until 11.5 kya 74 (the age of USR1), it is present-day Na-Dene-speakers who presently occupy the region. Coupled with the geographic distribution of the Na-Dene language family, results showing that USR1 does not carry the Asian-derived ancestry component indicate that such ancestry entered the Americas after 11.5 kya [...] Altogether, these results indicate that the admixture event that gave rise to most Na-Dene-speakers, between NNA and a Siberian population occurred well after 11.5 kya and at least prior to ~2.5 kya (the age of individual 302)."
SourcesEdit
Potter, Ben A.; Irish, Joel D.; Reuther, Joshua D.; Gelvin-Reymiller, Carol; Holliday, Vance T. (Feb 25, 2011). "A Terminal Pleistocene Child Cremation and Residential Structure from Eastern Beringia". Science. 331 (6020): 1058–1062. Bibcode:2011Sci...331.1058P. doi:10.1126/science.1201581. PMID 21350175. S2CID 206531808.
Potter, Ben A.; Irish, Joel (December 2, 2014). "New insights into Eastern Beringian mortuary behavior: A terminal Pleistocene double infant burial at Upward Sun River". PNAS. 111 (48): 17060–17065. Bibcode:2014PNAS..11117060P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1413131111. PMC4260572. PMID 25385599.
Price, Michael (January 3, 2018), "Ancient Americans arrived in a single wave, Alaskan infant's genome suggests", Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 359 (6371): 14, doi:10.1126/science.359.6371.14, PMID 29301990
External linksEdit
Amos, Jonathan (January 3, 2018), "Alaskan infant's DNA tells story of 'first Americans'", BBC
Ancient Beringians, Dr. Ben A. Potter, retrieved January 7, 2018
Thompson, Helen (November 10, 2014). "Ice Age Babies Surrounded by Weapon Parts Found in Alaska". Smithsonian. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
October 21, 2023
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This article is about the genetic lineage associated with the peopling of the Americas For the archaeogenetics of the USR population see Upward Sun River site Archaeogenetics The Ancient Beringian AB is a specific archaeogenetic lineage based on the genome of an infant found at the Upward Sun River site dubbed USR1 dated to 11 500 years ago 1 The AB lineage diverged from the Ancestral Native American ANA lineage about 20 000 years ago The ANA lineage was estimated as having been formed between 20 000 and 25 000 years ago by a mixture of East Asian and Ancient North Eurasian lineages consistent with the model of the peopling of the Americas via Beringia during the Last Glacial Maximum 2 Figure 2 Schematic illustration of maternal mtDNA gene flow in and out of Beringia long chronology single source model Contents 1 Research 2 See also 3 References 4 Sources 5 External linksResearch EditThe Ancient Beringian lineage is extinct and is not found as a contribution to modern indigenous lineages in Alaska The 2018 study suggests that the AB lineage was replaced by or absorbed in a back migration of North Native American NNA to Alaska The modern Athabaskan populations are derived from an admixture of this NNA back migration and a Paleo Siberian Early Paleo Eskimo lineage before about 2 500 years ago 3 The discovery was made from archaeogenetic analyses on the remains of two female infants discovered in 2013 at the Upward Sun River site USR 1 The USR site is affiliated with the Denali Complex a dispersed archaeological culture of the American Arctic The genomic analysis of nuclear DNA of the older of the two infants USR1 was done at the Centre for Geogenetics at the University of Copenhagen s Natural History Museum of Denmark Results from the team s genetic analysis were published in January 2018 in the scientific journal Nature The analysis compared the infant s genomes with both ancient and contemporary genomes The results suggested that the pre Ancestral Native American lineage derived from the East Asian lineage after 36 kya with gene flow until about 25 kya During 25 20 kya this lineage was substantially mixed with the Ancient North Eurasian lineage to form the Ancestral Native American lineage by 20 kya The Ancient Beringian AB lineage derived from ANA and persisted without significant admixture in Alaska until the time of USR1 some 8 000 years later The lineage of other Paleo Indians diverged from AB at ca 20 18 kya and further divided into North Native American NNA and South Native American lineages between 17 5 kya and 14 6 kya reflecting the dispersal associated with the early peopling of the Americas 1 See also EditAlaska Natives Na Dene languages Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas Settlement of the Americas Upward Sun River siteReferences Edit a b c Moreno Mayar J Victor Potter Ben A Vinner Lasse Steinrucken Matthias Rasmussen Simon Terhorst Jonathan Kamm John A Albrechtsen Anders Malaspinas Anna Sapfo Sikora Martin Reuther Joshua D Irish Joel D Malhi Ripan S Orlando Ludovic Song Yun S Nielsen Rasmus Meltzer David J Willerslev Eske 2018 Terminal Pleistocene Alaskan genome reveals first founding population of Native Americans Nature Macmillan Publishers Limited 553 7687 203 207 Bibcode 2018Natur 553 203M doi 10 1038 nature25173 PMID 29323294 S2CID 4454580 retrieved January 3 2018 Confidence intervals given in Moreno Mayar et al 2018 26 1 23 9 kya for the separation of the East Asian lineage of ANA from modern East Asian populations 25 20 kya for the admixture event of ANE and early East Asian lineages ancestral to ANA 22 0 18 1 kya for the separation of Ancient Beringian from other Paleo Indian lineages 17 5 14 6 kya for the separation of Paleo Indian into North Native Americans NNA and South Native Americans SNA Moreno Mayar et al 2018 fig 3 Supplementary Material permanent dead link p 37 While the population represented by USR1 most likely occupied interior Alaska at least until 11 5 kya 74 the age of USR1 it is present day Na Dene speakers who presently occupy the region Coupled with the geographic distribution of the Na Dene language family results showing that USR1 does not carry the Asian derived ancestry component indicate that such ancestry entered the Americas after 11 5 kya Altogether these results indicate that the admixture event that gave rise to most Na Dene speakers between NNA and a Siberian population occurred well after 11 5 kya and at least prior to 2 5 kya the age of individual 302 Sources EditPotter Ben A Irish Joel D Reuther Joshua D Gelvin Reymiller Carol Holliday Vance T Feb 25 2011 A Terminal Pleistocene Child Cremation and Residential Structure from Eastern Beringia Science 331 6020 1058 1062 Bibcode 2011Sci 331 1058P doi 10 1126 science 1201581 PMID 21350175 S2CID 206531808 Potter Ben A Irish Joel December 2 2014 New insights into Eastern Beringian mortuary behavior A terminal Pleistocene double infant burial at Upward Sun River PNAS 111 48 17060 17065 Bibcode 2014PNAS 11117060P doi 10 1073 pnas 1413131111 PMC 4260572 PMID 25385599 Price Michael January 3 2018 Ancient Americans arrived in a single wave Alaskan infant s genome suggests Science American Association for the Advancement of Science 359 6371 14 doi 10 1126 science 359 6371 14 PMID 29301990External links EditAmos Jonathan January 3 2018 Alaskan infant s DNA tells story of first Americans BBC Ancient Beringians Dr Ben A Potter retrieved January 7 2018 Thompson Helen November 10 2014 Ice Age Babies Surrounded by Weapon Parts Found in Alaska Smithsonian Retrieved January 7 2018 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ancient Beringian amp oldid 1171161068, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
