Cicerbita alpina, commonly known as the alpine sow-thistle or alpine blue-sow-thistle[4] is a perennialherbaceous species of plant sometimes placed in the genus Cicerbita of the family Asteraceae, and sometimes placed in the genus Lactuca as Lactuca alpina.[5] It is native to upland and mountainous parts of Europe.
Cicerbita alpina on average reaches 80 centimetres (31 in) in height, with a minimum height of 50 cm (20 in) and a maximum height of 150 cm (59 in). The stem is erect and usually unbranched. It has glandular hairs and contains a white milky juice, a kind of latex. The alternate leaves are broad, triangular and clasping the stem, bluish-grey beneath, hairy along the veins and with toothed margins. The inflorescence is a panicle. Each composite flower is about 2.5 cm (1 in) wide and is set within a whorl of bracts. The individual blue-violet florets are tongue-like with a toothed, truncated tip, each having five stamens and a fused carpel. All the florets are ray florets; there are no disc florets. The seeds are clothed in unbranched hairs. The flowering period extends from June to September in the temperate northern hemisphere.[7]
Distribution and habitat
Cicerbita alpina grows on many mountains of Europe (the Alps, the Pyrenees, the northern Apennines, the Scandinavian Peninsula, Scotland (where it is endangered and found in only four known locations), the Carpathians and the Urals.[8] These plants can be found in alpine woods, besides streams, in rich-soil in hollows and in tall meadows, usually between 1,000 and 1,800 metres (3,300 and 5,900 ft) above sea level.[7]
Conservation
It became a protected species in the UK in 1975 under the Conservation of Wild Creatures and Wild Plants Act.[9]
Ecology
In Finland, this plant is known as "bear-hay" because the Eurasian brown bear feeds on it, as do elk and reindeer. People also sometimes make use of it and eat it raw or cooked in reindeer milk.[7]
Secondary metabolites
The edible shoots of Cicerbita alpina contain 8-O-Acetyl-15-beta-D-glucopyranosyllactucin, which causes the bitter taste of the vegetable, and caffeic acid derivatives chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, caffeoyltartaric acid, and cichoric acid.[10]
^Nilsson, Lena Maria; Dahlgren, Lars; Johansson, Ingegerd; Brustad, Magritt; Sjölander, Per; Guelpen, Bethany Van (18 February 2011). "Diet and lifestyle of the Sami of southern Lapland in the 1930s–1950s and today". International Journal of Circumpolar Health. 70 (3): 301–318. doi:10.3402/ijch.v70i3.17831. ISSN 2242-3982. PMID 21631968.
^. Archived from the original on 2013-06-16. Retrieved 2013-06-06.
^"Caithness CWS - Caithness Field Club - Annual Bulletins - 1975 - October - Conservation".
^Fusani, P; Zidorn, C (2010). "Phenolics and a sesquiterpene lactone in the edible shoots of Cicerbita alpina (L.) Wallroth". Journal of Food Composition and Analysis (Amsterdam, the Netherlands). 23 (6): 658–663. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2009.08.014. ISSN 0889-1575.
Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia - Edagricole – 1982. vol. III
External links
Plant Life, United Kingdom
Biolib, Czech Botany
Zipcode Zoo, Cicerbita alpina
Cicerbita alpina image gallery, Flower Pictures United States
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cicerbita alpina.
January 03, 2023
cicerbita, alpina, commonly, known, alpine, thistle, alpine, blue, thistle, perennial, herbaceous, species, plant, sometimes, placed, genus, cicerbita, family, asteraceae, sometimes, placed, genus, lactuca, lactuca, alpina, native, upland, mountainous, parts, . Cicerbita alpina commonly known as the alpine sow thistle or alpine blue sow thistle 4 is a perennial herbaceous species of plant sometimes placed in the genus Cicerbita of the family Asteraceae and sometimes placed in the genus Lactuca as Lactuca alpina 5 It is native to upland and mountainous parts of Europe Cicerbita alpinaCicerbita alpinaConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade AngiospermsClade EudicotsClade AsteridsOrder AsteralesFamily AsteraceaeGenus CicerbitaSpecies C alpinaBinomial nameCicerbita alpina L Wallr 1822Synonyms 3 Synonymy Lactuca alpina L A GrayMulgedium alpinum L Less Sonchus alpinus L 1753Aracium alpinum L MonnierGeracium alpinum L Gren amp Godr Hieracium coeruleum Scop Mulgedium multiflorum DC Picridium alpinum L PhilippeSonchus alpestris Clairv Sonchus canadensis L Sonchus coeruleus Sm Sonchus montanus Lam Sonchus multiflorus Desf Sonchus pallidus Torr 1826 not Willd 1803 2 Sonchus racemosus Lam It was once used as an herb in Sami cooking and known as jierja 6 Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution and habitat 2 1 Conservation 3 Ecology 4 Secondary metabolites 5 Gallery 6 References 7 External linksDescription EditCicerbita alpina on average reaches 80 centimetres 31 in in height with a minimum height of 50 cm 20 in and a maximum height of 150 cm 59 in The stem is erect and usually unbranched It has glandular hairs and contains a white milky juice a kind of latex The alternate leaves are broad triangular and clasping the stem bluish grey beneath hairy along the veins and with toothed margins The inflorescence is a panicle Each composite flower is about 2 5 cm 1 in wide and is set within a whorl of bracts The individual blue violet florets are tongue like with a toothed truncated tip each having five stamens and a fused carpel All the florets are ray florets there are no disc florets The seeds are clothed in unbranched hairs The flowering period extends from June to September in the temperate northern hemisphere 7 Distribution and habitat EditCicerbita alpina grows on many mountains of Europe the Alps the Pyrenees the northern Apennines the Scandinavian Peninsula Scotland where it is endangered and found in only four known locations the Carpathians and the Urals 8 These plants can be found in alpine woods besides streams in rich soil in hollows and in tall meadows usually between 1 000 and 1 800 metres 3 300 and 5 900 ft above sea level 7 Conservation Edit It became a protected species in the UK in 1975 under the Conservation of Wild Creatures and Wild Plants Act 9 Ecology EditIn Finland this plant is known as bear hay because the Eurasian brown bear feeds on it as do elk and reindeer People also sometimes make use of it and eat it raw or cooked in reindeer milk 7 Secondary metabolites EditThe edible shoots of Cicerbita alpina contain 8 O Acetyl 15 beta D glucopyranosyllactucin which causes the bitter taste of the vegetable and caffeic acid derivatives chlorogenic acid 3 5 dicaffeoylquinic acid caffeoyltartaric acid and cichoric acid 10 Gallery Edit Flowers of Cicerbita alpina Flower of Cicerbita alpina Leaf of Cicerbita alpinaReferences Edit Collett L amp Korpelainen H 2017 Lactuca alpina IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 Retrieved 24 June 2018 old form url The International Plant Names Index The Plant List Lactuca alpina L A Gray BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2014 10 17 Flann C ed 2009 Global Compositae Checklist permanent dead link Nilsson Lena Maria Dahlgren Lars Johansson Ingegerd Brustad Magritt Sjolander Per Guelpen Bethany Van 18 February 2011 Diet and lifestyle of the Sami of southern Lapland in the 1930s 1950s and today International Journal of Circumpolar Health 70 3 301 318 doi 10 3402 ijch v70i3 17831 ISSN 2242 3982 PMID 21631968 a b c Alpine Sowthistle NatureGate Retrieved 2013 12 24 Plant amp fungi species Wild plants in Scotland Welcome to Plantlife Scotland Archived from the original on 2013 06 16 Retrieved 2013 06 06 Caithness CWS Caithness Field Club Annual Bulletins 1975 October Conservation Fusani P Zidorn C 2010 Phenolics and a sesquiterpene lactone in the edible shoots of Cicerbita alpina L Wallroth Journal of Food Composition and Analysis Amsterdam the Netherlands 23 6 658 663 doi 10 1016 j jfca 2009 08 014 ISSN 0889 1575 Pignatti S Flora d Italia Edagricole 1982 vol IIIExternal links EditCicerbita alpina Plant Life United Kingdom Biolib Czech Botany Zipcode Zoo Cicerbita alpina Cicerbita alpina image gallery Flower Pictures United States Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cicerbita alpina Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cicerbita alpina amp oldid 1106293732, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
