Charbagh (Persian: چھارباغ, Urdu: چار باغchār bāgh, meaning "four gardens" in Persian) is a Persian and Indo-Persian quadrilateral garden layout based on the four gardens of Paradise mentioned in the Quran. The quadrilateral garden is divided by walkways or flowing water into four smaller parts.[1] They are found in countries throughout Western Asia, North Africa, the former Islamic Andalusia and South Asia including Iran and India.[2]
The quadrilateral Charbagh concept is interpreted as the four gardens of Paradise mentioned in Chapter (Surah) 55, Ar-Rahman "The Beneficient", in the Qur'an:
And for him, who fears to stand before his Lord, are two gardens. (Chapter 55: Verse 46) And beside them are two other gardens. (Chapter 55: Verse 62)
One of the hallmarks of Charbagh garden is the four-part garden laid out with axial paths that intersect at the garden's centre. This highly structured geometrical scheme, called the chahar bagh, became a powerful method for the organization and domestication of the landscape, itself a symbol of political territory.[3]
The concept of chahar bagh is not only mentioned in Qur'an but it has been mentioned in (Genesis 2: 8-10), the idea of the world divided into four parts.[4]
The Chahrbagh-e Abbasi (or Charbagh Avenue) in Isfahan, Iran, built by Shah Abbas the Great in 1596, and the garden of the Taj Mahal in India are the most famous examples of this style. In the Charbagh at the Taj Mahal, each of the four parts contains sixteen flower beds.
In India, the Char Bagh concept in imperial mausoleums is seen in Humayun's Tomb in Delhi in a monumental scale. Humayan's father was the Central Asian Conqueror Babur who succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian Subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor. The tradition of paradise garden brought to India by the Mughals, originally from Central Asia, which is found at Babur's tomb, Bagh-e Babur, in Kabul.[5]
This tradition gave birth to the Mughal gardens design and displayed its high form in the Taj Mahal – built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, the great, great, grandson of the Central Asian Conqueror Babur, as a tomb for his favourite Indian wife Mumtaz Mahal, in Agra, India. Unlike most such tombs, the mausoleum is not in the centre of the garden, however archaeological excavations have revealed another garden opposite indicating that historically the mausoleum was centered as in tomb garden tradition.[6]
^Cornell, Vincent J. (2007) Voices of Islam: Voices of art, beauty, and science (volume 4 in the Voices of Islam series) Praeger, Westport, Connecticut, pp. 94–95, ISBN978-0-275-98735-0
^Begde, Prabhakar V. (1978). Ancient and Mediaeval Town-planning in India. Sagar Publications. p. 173.
^D. Fairchild Ruggles, Islamic Gardens and Landscapes, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008, p. 39.
^"Bible Gateway passage: Genesis 2:8-10 - New International Version". Bible Gateway. Retrieved 2021-08-03.
^Mughul Tomb Gardens The poetics of gardens, by Charles Willard Moore, William J. Mitchell. Published by MIT Press, 2000, p. 17. ISBN0-262-63153-9
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charbagh gardens.
Babur's Garden - video from the Asia Society, US
August 28, 2023
charbagh, other, uses, chahar, bagh, also, persian, gardens, bagh, garden, paradise, garden, persian, چھارباغ, urdu, چار, باغ, chār, bāgh, meaning, four, gardens, persian, persian, indo, persian, quadrilateral, garden, layout, based, four, gardens, paradise, m. For other uses see Chahar Bagh See also Persian Gardens Bagh garden and Paradise garden Charbagh Persian چھارباغ Urdu چار باغ char bagh meaning four gardens in Persian is a Persian and Indo Persian quadrilateral garden layout based on the four gardens of Paradise mentioned in the Quran The quadrilateral garden is divided by walkways or flowing water into four smaller parts 1 They are found in countries throughout Western Asia North Africa the former Islamic Andalusia and South Asia including Iran and India 2 Layout of the Charbagh at the Tomb of Jahangir in LahoreBabur celebrates the birth of Humayun in the charbagh of Kabul Contents 1 Persian garden concept of chahar bagh 2 Famous Charbagh gardens 3 Contemporary 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksPersian garden concept of chahar bagh EditThe quadrilateral Charbagh concept is interpreted as the four gardens of Paradise mentioned in Chapter Surah 55 Ar Rahman The Beneficient in the Qur an And for him who fears to stand before his Lord are two gardens Chapter 55 Verse 46 And beside them are two other gardens Chapter 55 Verse 62 One of the hallmarks of Charbagh garden is the four part garden laid out with axial paths that intersect at the garden s centre This highly structured geometrical scheme called the chahar bagh became a powerful method for the organization and domestication of the landscape itself a symbol of political territory 3 The concept of chahar bagh is not only mentioned in Qur an but it has been mentioned in Genesis 2 8 10 the idea of the world divided into four parts 4 Famous Charbagh gardens Edit Naghsh i Jahan square the charbagh Royal Square Maidan in Isfahan constructed between 1598 and 1629The Chahrbagh e Abbasi or Charbagh Avenue in Isfahan Iran built by Shah Abbas the Great in 1596 and the garden of the Taj Mahal in India are the most famous examples of this style In the Charbagh at the Taj Mahal each of the four parts contains sixteen flower beds In India the Char Bagh concept in imperial mausoleums is seen in Humayun s Tomb in Delhi in a monumental scale Humayan s father was the Central Asian Conqueror Babur who succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty in the Indian Subcontinent and became the first Mughal emperor The tradition of paradise garden brought to India by the Mughals originally from Central Asia which is found at Babur s tomb Bagh e Babur in Kabul 5 This tradition gave birth to the Mughal gardens design and displayed its high form in the Taj Mahal built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan the great great grandson of the Central Asian Conqueror Babur as a tomb for his favourite Indian wife Mumtaz Mahal in Agra India Unlike most such tombs the mausoleum is not in the centre of the garden however archaeological excavations have revealed another garden opposite indicating that historically the mausoleum was centered as in tomb garden tradition 6 Contemporary EditA charbagh is located on the roof top of the Ismaili Centre in South Kensington London 7 See also Edit Gardens portalLucknow Charbagh railway station Paradise gardenReferences Edit Cornell Vincent J 2007 Voices of Islam Voices of art beauty and science volume 4 in the Voices of Islam series Praeger Westport Connecticut pp 94 95 ISBN 978 0 275 98735 0 Begde Prabhakar V 1978 Ancient and Mediaeval Town planning in India Sagar Publications p 173 D Fairchild Ruggles Islamic Gardens and Landscapes University of Pennsylvania Press 2008 p 39 Bible Gateway passage Genesis 2 8 10 New International Version Bible Gateway Retrieved 2021 08 03 Mughul Tomb Gardens The poetics of gardens by Charles Willard Moore William J Mitchell Published by MIT Press 2000 p 17 ISBN 0 262 63153 9 Ep 2 Monty Don s Paradise Gardens BBC A Place in Paradise radio coverage from the BBC about the charbagh garden on top of the Ismaili Centre in South KensingtonFurther reading EditLehrman Jonas Benzion 1980 Earthly paradise garden and courtyard in Islam University of California Press ISBN 0 520 04363 4 Ruggles D Fairchild 2008 Islamic Gardens and Landscapes University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN 0 8122 4025 1 https villanews ir en editorial when everything starts with chahar baghExternal links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charbagh gardens Babur s Garden video from the Asia Society US Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Charbagh amp oldid 1172023536, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
