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Chamaecyparis lawsoniana

February 12, 2024

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, known as Port Orford cedar[2] or Lawson cypress,[3] is a species of conifer in the genus Chamaecyparis, family Cupressaceae. It is native to Oregon and northwestern California, and grows from sea level up to 4,900 feet (1,500 m) in the valleys of the Klamath Mountains, often along streams.

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
Old-growth stand of C. lawsoniana in California
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Cupressales
Family: Cupressaceae
Genus: Chamaecyparis
Species:
C. lawsoniana
Binomial name
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana
Natural range of Port Orford cedar

Description edit

A large evergreen tree, specimens mature up to 200 ft (61 m) tall or more, with trunks 4–7 ft (1.2–2 m) in diameter, exceptionally 8–9 ft (2.4–2.7 m).[4] The bark is silver-brown, vertically furrowed, and 6–10 inches (15–25 cm) thick near the base.[4] The foliage is arranged in lacy, flat sprays with a feathery appearance,[4] usually somewhat glaucous (i.e. blue-green) in color. The leaves are scale-like, 1⁄8–3⁄16 inch (3–5 mm) long, with narrow white markings on the underside, and produced on somewhat flattened shoots. The foliage gives off a rather pungent scent, not unlike parsley. The seed cones are globose, 9⁄32–9⁄16 inch (7–14 mm) in diameter, with 6–10 scales, green at first, maturing brown in early fall, 6–8 months after pollination. The male cones are 1⁄8–5⁄32 inch (3–4 mm) long, dark red, turning brown after pollen release in early spring. The seeds fall quickly and can float on water.[4]

Old specimens lack branches near the base and often have dead tops. They can live up to about 600 years of age.[4]

Taxonomy edit

The species was first discovered (by European Americans) near Port Orford, Oregon, and introduced into cultivation in 1854 by collectors working for Charles Lawson FRSE[5] of the Lawson & Son nursery in Edinburgh, Scotland, after whom it was named as Lawson Cypress by the describing botanist Andrew Murray. The United States Department of Agriculture officially calls it by the name Port Orford cedar,[2] as do most people in its native area, but some botanists prefer to use the name Lawson cypress (or in very rare instances Port Orford cypress) instead. The name "Lawson's cypress" is widely used in horticulture.

Distribution and habitat edit

The species is native to southwestern Oregon and northwestern California, and grows from sea level up to 4,900 feet (1,500 m)[4] in the valleys of the Klamath Mountains, often along streams. It fares best at the north end of its range.[4]

Ecology edit

The thick bark provides resistance to wildfires, and the species regenerates well on disrupted land in a variety of soils, but requires consistent moisture. It is shade tolerant, but not so much so as competing species western hemlock and white fir.[4] The old-growth population near Coos Bay, Oregon, was wiped out by logging and wildfires in 1867–1868, and again by fire and root disease in 1936.[4]

Disease edit

In the wild, the species is seriously and uniquely threatened by a root disease caused by the oomycete pathogen, Phytophthora lateralis, accidentally introduced in the early 1950s following the fungus's arrival to the Pacific Northwest on nursery trees.[4] This disease is also a problem for horticultural plantings in some parts of North America. The tree is sometimes killed, though less often, by other species of Phytophthora.

Phytophthora lateralis infection begins when mycelium, from a germinated spore, invade the roots. The infection then spreads through the inner bark and cambium around the base of the tree. Spread up the trunk is generally limited. Infected tissue dies and effectively girdles the tree. Large trees are more likely to be infected than small trees due to larger root areas (although all trees at the edges of infected streams will eventually succumb). However, large trees can often live with the infections for a longer duration (up to several years).

C. lawsoniana in streamside populations are highly susceptible to P. lateralis infection. However, the rate of fungal spread through populations in dry upland areas appears to be slow. P. lateralis spreads through water via mobile spores (zoospores). The fungus also produces resting spores (chlamydospores) that can persist in soil for a long period of time. New infections generally begin when soil is transferred from an infected population to a non-infected population via water, human or animal movement.[4] After initial infection in streamside populations, secondary spread via zoospores quickly infects all downstream individuals.

Human facilitated spread is thought to be responsible for most new, and all long-distance, infections. Soil on vehicle tires, especially logging trucks and other off-road vehicles, is considered the most pressing problem due to the volume of soil that can be carried and the traffic rate in and between susceptible areas. Spread on boots and mountain bike tires has also been suggested and probably contributes to new infections locally.[6] Animal-facilitated spread is thought to occur, but is localized.

The United States Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management attempt to prevent Phytophthora spread through road closures, monitoring, research and education. Research has focused on determining the dynamics and mechanisms of spread, as well as attempts to breed resistant trees. One solution against Phytophtera is known generically as Mancozeb and also commercially known as Dithane (C). Commercial preparations of the parasitic fungus Pythium oligandrum are licensed for pest control, and documented to predate many species of Phytophthora.[7]

Similar species edit

The extinct Eocene species Chamaecyparis eureka, known from fossils found on Axel Heiberg Island in Canada, is noted as resembling C. lawsoniana and C. pisifera.[8]

The associated genus Calocedrus (incense-cedar) has thick orange-brown bark and the bark of Thuja plicata (western redcedar) is comparatively thin; both have different foliage than Port Orford cedar.[4]

Cultivation edit

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana thrives best in well-drained but moist soils, in a fairly sheltered position in full sun. Several hundred named cultivars of varying crown shape, growth rates and foliage color have been selected for planting in parks and gardens. In the United Kingdom (UK) the following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit (confirmed 2017):[9]

Name Height (m) Spread (m) Shape Foliage Colour Ref.
'Aurea Densa' 1.5 1.0 broadly conical yellow-green [10]
'Chilworth Silver' 2.5 1.0 broadly columnar silver-blue [11]
'Dik's Weeping' 12.0 4.0 columnar, weeping blue-green [12]
'Ellwoodii' 8.0 4.0 columnar grey-green [13]
'Ellwood's Gold' 4.0 1.0 columnar yellow/grey-green [14]
'Ellwood's Pillar' 2.5 1.5 narrowly columnar grey-green [15]
'Fletcheri' 12.0 4.0 columnar grey-green [16]
'Gimbornii' 2.5 2.5 rounded grey-green [17]
'Golden Wonder' 20.0 4.0 columnar yellow-green [18]
'Grayswood Feather' 4.0 1.5 narrowly columnar green [19]
'Green Globe' 0.3 0.3 rounded dark green [20]
'Imbricata Pendula' 8.0 4.0 conical, weeping, pendulous green [21]
'Kilmacurragh' 12.0 4.0 columnar dark green [22]
'Lanei Aurea' 8.0 2.5 columnar yellow-green [23]
'Little Spire' 2.5 1.5 conical dark green [24]
'Minima Aurea' 1.0 1.0 conical yellow-green [25]
'Minima Glauca' 2.5 2.5 rounded blue-green [26]
'Pembury Blue' 12.00+ 8.00 conical blue-green [27]
'Pygmaea Argentea' 2.5 1.0 rounded cream/blue-green [28]
'Stardust' 4.0 1.5 columnar yellow-green [29]
'Summer Snow' 2.5 1.5 conical cream/green [30]
'Triomf van Boskoop' 25.0 8.0 broadly columnar grey-green [31]
'Wisselii' 12.0+ 4.0 narrowly conical blue-green [32]
'Wissel's Saguaro' 6.0 1.0 narrow, upright blue-green [33]

Uses edit

The species was discovered by Euro-Americans in the 1850s. The wood is light yet has great strength and rot resistance, even after long exposure to salt water.[4] Its properties resemble those of yellow-cedar, but was historically more available in the region.[4] On shores lacking docks, logs were transported via high-line cable directly onto ship decks. It was valued for boatbuilding.[4] The species was important to Oregon's lumber industry until the 1950s when it was crippled by disease.[4] It was preferred for storage battery cell separation, Venetian blinds, and other uses.[4] Quality specimens eventually began to be shipped almost exclusively to East Asia, where it is highly valued.[4] Large amounts have been exported to Japan where it is used in making coffins, shrines, and temples.[34] Its lumber is known for its highly fragrant ginger aroma, caused by an oil which repulses decay and insects, including termites; this oil has been used as an insecticide.[4] Due to the straightness of its grain, it is also one of the preferred woods for the manufacture of arrow shafts. It is also considered an acceptable, though not ideal, wood for construction of aircraft.[35]

The wood is considered more than acceptable for use in stringed instruments. Its fine grain, good strength and tonal quality are highly regarded for soundboards in guitar making.[36]

Gallery edit

  •  
    Foliage with cones: immature seed cones below, pollen cones above
  •  
    Male cones in spring with diagnostic red colour
  •  
    Mature female cones
  •  
    Cultivar 'Imbricata Pendula', Rosemoor, Devon, UK

See also edit

References edit

  • Snyder, Gary. 1999. "The Gary Snyder Reader". Counterpoint. ISBN 1-887178-90-2
  1. ^ Farjon, A. (2013). "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T34004A2840024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T34004A2840024.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  3. ^ (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Arno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P. (2020) [1977]. Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees (field guide ed.). Seattle: Mountaineers Books. pp. 169–174. ISBN 978-1-68051-329-5. OCLC 1141235469.
  5. ^ (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-03-28.
  6. ^ Soden, Tabitha (October 19, 2015). . Times-Standard. Eureka, Calif. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  7. ^ Plato Roberts, Amy. "Biopesticides Fact Sheet" (PDF). epa.gov. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  8. ^ Kotyk, M.E.A.; Basinger, J.F.; McIlver, E.E. (2003). "Early Tertiary Chamaecyparis Spach from Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian High Arctic". Canadian Journal of Botany. 81 (2): 113–130. doi:10.1139/B03-007.
  9. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 16. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  10. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Aurea Densa'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  11. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Chilworth Silver'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  12. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Dik's Weeping'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
  13. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Ellwoodii'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  14. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Ellwood's Gold'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  15. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Ellwood's Pillar'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
  16. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Fletcheri'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  17. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Gimbornii'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  18. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Golden Wonder'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  19. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Grayswood Feather'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  20. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Green Globe'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  21. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Imbricata Pendula'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  22. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Kilmacurragh'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  23. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Lanei Aurea'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  24. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Little Spire'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  25. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Minima Aurea'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  26. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Minima Glauca'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  27. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Pembury Blue'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  28. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Pygmaea Argentea'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  29. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Stardust'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  30. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Summer Snow'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  31. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Triomf van Boskoop'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  32. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Wisselii'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  33. ^ "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 'Wissel's Saguaro'". RHS Gardening. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  34. ^ Snyder 1999 pg. 225
  35. ^ Kroes, Watkins, and Delp: Aircraft Maintenance and Repair, sixth edition, page 66, McGraw Hill, 1993
  36. ^ "Port Orford Cedar tops". Luthiers Mercantile International, Inc.

Further reading edit

  • Farjon, A. (2013). "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T34004A2840024. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T34004A2840024.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021. Listed as Vulnerable (VU A1de+2e v2.3)
  • Siskiyou National Forest has posted precautions for persons entering areas with Port Orford Cedar populations ([1]).
  • Jules, E. S.; M. J. Kaufmann; W. Ritts & A. L. Carroll (2002). "Spread of an invasive pathogen over a variable landscape: a non-native root rot on Chamaecyparis lawsoniana". Ecology. 83 (11): 3167–3181. doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[3167:SOAIPO]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 3071851.
  • Hunt, J. 1959. Phytophthora lateralis on Port-Orford-cedar. Research Note 172: 1–6. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.
  • Roth, L. F.; Trione, E. J. & Ruhmann, W. H. (1957). "Phytophthora induced root rot of native Port-Orford-cedar". Journal of Forestry. 55: 294–298.
  • Torgeson, D. C., Young, R. A., & Milbrath, J. A. 1954. Phytophthora root rot diseases of Lawson cypress and other ornamentals. Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin. 537: 1–18. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State College.
  • Trione, E. J. (1959). "The pathology of Phytophthora lateralis on native Chamaecyparis lawsoniana". Phytopathology. 49: 306–310.
  • Tucker, C. M.; Milbrath, J. A. (1942). "Root rot of Chamaecyparis caused by a species of Phytophthora". Mycologia. 34 (1): 94–103. doi:10.2307/3754945. JSTOR 3754945.
  • Zobel, D. B., Roth, L. F., & Hawk, G. M. 1985. Ecology, pathology, and management of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. General Technical Report. PNW-184: 1–161. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station.
  • Uchytil, Ronald J. (1990). "Chamaecyparis lawsoniana". Fire Effects Information System (FEIS). US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.

External links edit

 
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February 12, 2024
chamaecyparis, lawsoniana, known, port, orford, cedar, lawson, cypress, species, conifer, genus, chamaecyparis, family, cupressaceae, native, oregon, northwestern, california, grows, from, level, feet, valleys, klamath, mountains, often, along, streams, growth. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana known as Port Orford cedar 2 or Lawson cypress 3 is a species of conifer in the genus Chamaecyparis family Cupressaceae It is native to Oregon and northwestern California and grows from sea level up to 4 900 feet 1 500 m in the valleys of the Klamath Mountains often along streams Chamaecyparis lawsonianaOld growth stand of C lawsoniana in CaliforniaConservation statusNear Threatened IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesClade GymnospermaeDivision PinophytaClass PinopsidaOrder CupressalesFamily CupressaceaeGenus ChamaecyparisSpecies C lawsonianaBinomial nameChamaecyparis lawsoniana A Murray bis Parl Natural range of Port Orford cedar Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Ecology 4 1 Disease 4 2 Similar species 5 Cultivation 6 Uses 7 Gallery 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External linksDescription editA large evergreen tree specimens mature up to 200 ft 61 m tall or more with trunks 4 7 ft 1 2 2 m in diameter exceptionally 8 9 ft 2 4 2 7 m 4 The bark is silver brown vertically furrowed and 6 10 inches 15 25 cm thick near the base 4 The foliage is arranged in lacy flat sprays with a feathery appearance 4 usually somewhat glaucous i e blue green in color The leaves are scale like 1 8 3 16 inch 3 5 mm long with narrow white markings on the underside and produced on somewhat flattened shoots The foliage gives off a rather pungent scent not unlike parsley The seed cones are globose 9 32 9 16 inch 7 14 mm in diameter with 6 10 scales green at first maturing brown in early fall 6 8 months after pollination The male cones are 1 8 5 32 inch 3 4 mm long dark red turning brown after pollen release in early spring The seeds fall quickly and can float on water 4 Old specimens lack branches near the base and often have dead tops They can live up to about 600 years of age 4 Taxonomy editThe species was first discovered by European Americans near Port Orford Oregon and introduced into cultivation in 1854 by collectors working for Charles Lawson FRSE 5 of the Lawson amp Son nursery in Edinburgh Scotland after whom it was named as Lawson Cypress by the describing botanist Andrew Murray The United States Department of Agriculture officially calls it by the name Port Orford cedar 2 as do most people in its native area but some botanists prefer to use the name Lawson cypress or in very rare instances Port Orford cypress instead The name Lawson s cypress is widely used in horticulture Distribution and habitat editThe species is native to southwestern Oregon and northwestern California and grows from sea level up to 4 900 feet 1 500 m 4 in the valleys of the Klamath Mountains often along streams It fares best at the north end of its range 4 Ecology editThe thick bark provides resistance to wildfires and the species regenerates well on disrupted land in a variety of soils but requires consistent moisture It is shade tolerant but not so much so as competing species western hemlock and white fir 4 The old growth population near Coos Bay Oregon was wiped out by logging and wildfires in 1867 1868 and again by fire and root disease in 1936 4 Disease edit In the wild the species is seriously and uniquely threatened by a root disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora lateralis accidentally introduced in the early 1950s following the fungus s arrival to the Pacific Northwest on nursery trees 4 This disease is also a problem for horticultural plantings in some parts of North America The tree is sometimes killed though less often by other species of Phytophthora Phytophthora lateralis infection begins when mycelium from a germinated spore invade the roots The infection then spreads through the inner bark and cambium around the base of the tree Spread up the trunk is generally limited Infected tissue dies and effectively girdles the tree Large trees are more likely to be infected than small trees due to larger root areas although all trees at the edges of infected streams will eventually succumb However large trees can often live with the infections for a longer duration up to several years C lawsoniana in streamside populations are highly susceptible to P lateralis infection However the rate of fungal spread through populations in dry upland areas appears to be slow P lateralis spreads through water via mobile spores zoospores The fungus also produces resting spores chlamydospores that can persist in soil for a long period of time New infections generally begin when soil is transferred from an infected population to a non infected population via water human or animal movement 4 After initial infection in streamside populations secondary spread via zoospores quickly infects all downstream individuals Human facilitated spread is thought to be responsible for most new and all long distance infections Soil on vehicle tires especially logging trucks and other off road vehicles is considered the most pressing problem due to the volume of soil that can be carried and the traffic rate in and between susceptible areas Spread on boots and mountain bike tires has also been suggested and probably contributes to new infections locally 6 Animal facilitated spread is thought to occur but is localized The United States Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management attempt to prevent Phytophthora spread through road closures monitoring research and education Research has focused on determining the dynamics and mechanisms of spread as well as attempts to breed resistant trees One solution against Phytophtera is known generically as Mancozeb and also commercially known as Dithane C Commercial preparations of the parasitic fungus Pythium oligandrum are licensed for pest control and documented to predate many species of Phytophthora 7 Similar species edit The extinct Eocene species Chamaecyparis eureka known from fossils found on Axel Heiberg Island in Canada is noted as resembling C lawsoniana and C pisifera 8 The associated genus Calocedrus incense cedar has thick orange brown bark and the bark of Thuja plicata western redcedar is comparatively thin both have different foliage than Port Orford cedar 4 Cultivation editChamaecyparis lawsoniana thrives best in well drained but moist soils in a fairly sheltered position in full sun Several hundred named cultivars of varying crown shape growth rates and foliage color have been selected for planting in parks and gardens In the United Kingdom UK the following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society s Award of Garden Merit confirmed 2017 9 Name Height m Spread m Shape Foliage Colour Ref Aurea Densa 1 5 1 0 broadly conical yellow green 10 Chilworth Silver 2 5 1 0 broadly columnar silver blue 11 Dik s Weeping 12 0 4 0 columnar weeping blue green 12 Ellwoodii 8 0 4 0 columnar grey green 13 Ellwood s Gold 4 0 1 0 columnar yellow grey green 14 Ellwood s Pillar 2 5 1 5 narrowly columnar grey green 15 Fletcheri 12 0 4 0 columnar grey green 16 Gimbornii 2 5 2 5 rounded grey green 17 Golden Wonder 20 0 4 0 columnar yellow green 18 Grayswood Feather 4 0 1 5 narrowly columnar green 19 Green Globe 0 3 0 3 rounded dark green 20 Imbricata Pendula 8 0 4 0 conical weeping pendulous green 21 Kilmacurragh 12 0 4 0 columnar dark green 22 Lanei Aurea 8 0 2 5 columnar yellow green 23 Little Spire 2 5 1 5 conical dark green 24 Minima Aurea 1 0 1 0 conical yellow green 25 Minima Glauca 2 5 2 5 rounded blue green 26 Pembury Blue 12 00 8 00 conical blue green 27 Pygmaea Argentea 2 5 1 0 rounded cream blue green 28 Stardust 4 0 1 5 columnar yellow green 29 Summer Snow 2 5 1 5 conical cream green 30 Triomf van Boskoop 25 0 8 0 broadly columnar grey green 31 Wisselii 12 0 4 0 narrowly conical blue green 32 Wissel s Saguaro 6 0 1 0 narrow upright blue green 33 Uses editThe species was discovered by Euro Americans in the 1850s The wood is light yet has great strength and rot resistance even after long exposure to salt water 4 Its properties resemble those of yellow cedar but was historically more available in the region 4 On shores lacking docks logs were transported via high line cable directly onto ship decks It was valued for boatbuilding 4 The species was important to Oregon s lumber industry until the 1950s when it was crippled by disease 4 It was preferred for storage battery cell separation Venetian blinds and other uses 4 Quality specimens eventually began to be shipped almost exclusively to East Asia where it is highly valued 4 Large amounts have been exported to Japan where it is used in making coffins shrines and temples 34 Its lumber is known for its highly fragrant ginger aroma caused by an oil which repulses decay and insects including termites this oil has been used as an insecticide 4 Due to the straightness of its grain it is also one of the preferred woods for the manufacture of arrow shafts It is also considered an acceptable though not ideal wood for construction of aircraft 35 The wood is considered more than acceptable for use in stringed instruments Its fine grain good strength and tonal quality are highly regarded for soundboards in guitar making 36 Gallery edit nbsp Foliage with cones immature seed cones below pollen cones above nbsp Male cones in spring with diagnostic red colour nbsp Mature female cones nbsp Cultivar Imbricata Pendula Rosemoor Devon UKSee also editCedar woodReferences editSnyder Gary 1999 The Gary Snyder Reader Counterpoint ISBN 1 887178 90 2 Farjon A 2013 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013 e T34004A2840024 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2013 1 RLTS T34004A2840024 en Retrieved 13 November 2021 a b USDA NRCS n d Chamaecyparis lawsoniana The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 22 March 2015 BSBI List 2007 xls Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland Archived from the original xls on 2015 06 26 Retrieved 2014 10 17 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Arno Stephen F Hammerly Ramona P 2020 1977 Northwest Trees Identifying amp Understanding the Region s Native Trees field guide ed Seattle Mountaineers Books pp 169 174 ISBN 978 1 68051 329 5 OCLC 1141235469 Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 2002 PDF The Royal Society of Edinburgh July 2006 ISBN 0 902 198 84 X Archived from the original PDF on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2017 03 28 Soden Tabitha October 19 2015 Roads in the Six Rivers National Forest close to prevent spread of root disease Times Standard Eureka Calif Archived from the original on 20 August 2017 Retrieved 8 September 2016 Plato Roberts Amy Biopesticides Fact Sheet PDF epa gov Retrieved 10 February 2018 Kotyk M E A Basinger J F McIlver E E 2003 Early Tertiary Chamaecyparis Spach from Axel Heiberg Island Canadian High Arctic Canadian Journal of Botany 81 2 113 130 doi 10 1139 B03 007 AGM Plants Ornamental PDF Royal Horticultural Society July 2017 p 16 Retrieved 24 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Aurea Densa RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Chilworth Silver RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Dik s Weeping RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 2013 01 28 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Ellwoodii RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Ellwood s Gold RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Ellwood s Pillar RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 26 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Fletcheri RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Gimbornii RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Golden Wonder RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 17 July 2020 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Grayswood Feather RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Green Globe RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Imbricata Pendula RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Kilmacurragh RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 21 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Lanei Aurea RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Little Spire RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 21 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Minima Aurea RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Minima Glauca RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 21 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Pembury Blue RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Pygmaea Argentea RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Stardust RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 21 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Summer Snow RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Triomf van Boskoop RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Wisselii RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 30 January 2018 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Wissel s Saguaro RHS Gardening Royal Horticultural Society Retrieved 21 January 2018 Snyder 1999 pg 225 Kroes Watkins and Delp Aircraft Maintenance and Repair sixth edition page 66 McGraw Hill 1993 Port Orford Cedar tops Luthiers Mercantile International Inc Further reading editFarjon A 2013 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013 e T34004A2840024 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2013 1 RLTS T34004A2840024 en Retrieved 13 November 2021 Listed as Vulnerable VU A1de 2e v2 3 Siskiyou National Forest has posted precautions for persons entering areas with Port Orford Cedar populations 1 Jules E S M J Kaufmann W Ritts amp A L Carroll 2002 Spread of an invasive pathogen over a variable landscape a non native root rot on Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Ecology 83 11 3167 3181 doi 10 1890 0012 9658 2002 083 3167 SOAIPO 2 0 CO 2 JSTOR 3071851 Hunt J 1959 Phytophthora lateralis on Port Orford cedar Research Note 172 1 6 Portland OR U S Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station Roth L F Trione E J amp Ruhmann W H 1957 Phytophthora induced root rot of native Port Orford cedar Journal of Forestry 55 294 298 Torgeson D C Young R A amp Milbrath J A 1954 Phytophthora root rot diseases of Lawson cypress and other ornamentals Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 537 1 18 Corvallis OR Oregon State College Trione E J 1959 The pathology of Phytophthora lateralis on native Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Phytopathology 49 306 310 Tucker C M Milbrath J A 1942 Root rot of Chamaecyparis caused by a species of Phytophthora Mycologia 34 1 94 103 doi 10 2307 3754945 JSTOR 3754945 Zobel D B Roth L F amp Hawk G M 1985 Ecology pathology and management of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana General Technical Report PNW 184 1 161 Portland OR U S Department of Agriculture Forest Service Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station Uchytil Ronald J 1990 Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Fire Effects Information System FEIS US Department of Agriculture USDA Forest Service USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station Fire Sciences Laboratory External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chamaecyparis lawsoniana category nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Jepson Manual treatment for Cupressus lawsoniana ConiferCountry Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Chamaecyparis lawsoniana in the CalPhotos photo database University of California Berkeley Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chamaecyparis lawsoniana amp oldid 1191423827, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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