Zoospores may possess one or more distinct types of flagella - tinsel or "decorated", and whiplash, in various combinations.
Tinsellated (straminipilous[1]) flagella have lateral filaments known as mastigonemes perpendicular to their main axis, which allow for more surface area, and disturbance of the medium, giving them the property of a rudder, that is, used for steering.
Whiplash flagella are straight, to power the zoospore through its medium. Also, the "default" zoospore only has the propelling, whiplash flagella.
Both tinsel and whiplash flagella beat in a sinusoidal wave pattern, but when both are present, the tinsel beats in the opposite direction of the whiplash, to give two axes of control of motility.
Morphological types
Figure 1. Zoospore types. The arrow indicates direction of movement.
In eukaryotes, the four main types of zoospore are[1] illustrated in Fig. 1 at right:
Posterior whiplash flagella are a characteristic of the Chytridiomycota, and a proposed uniting trait of the opisthokonts, a large clade of eukaryotes containing animals and fungi. Most of these have a single posterior flagellum (Fig. 1a), but the Neocallimastigales have up to 16 (Fig. 1b).
Anisokonts are biflagellated zoospores with two whip types flagella of unequal length (Fig. 1c). These are found in some of the Myxomycota and Plasmodiophoromycota.
Zoospores with a single anterior flagellum (Fig. 1d) of the tinsel type are characteristic of Hyphochytriomycetes.
Heterokont are biflagellated zoospores (Fig. 1e, f) with both whiplash (smooth) and tinsel type (fine outgrowths called mastigonemes) flagella attached anteriorly or laterally. These zoospores are characteristic of the Oomycota and other heterokonts.
Zoosporangium
A zoosporangium is the asexual structure (sporangium) in which the zoospores develop in plants, fungi, or protists (such as the Oomycota).
^ abWebster, John; Weber, Roland (2007). Introduction to Fungi (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 23–24. ISBN9780521014830.
Alexopoulos, C. J.; Mims, Charles W.; Blackwell, M.; et al. (2004). Introductory Mycology (4th ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN0-471-52229-5.
External links
Media related to Zoospores at Wikimedia Commons
January 31, 2023
zoospore, zoospore, motile, asexual, spore, that, uses, flagellum, locomotion, also, called, swarm, spore, these, spores, created, some, protists, bacteria, fungi, propagate, themselves, heterokont, zoospore, saprolegnia, with, tinsel, whiplash, flagella, cont. A zoospore is a motile asexual spore that uses a flagellum for locomotion Also called a swarm spore these spores are created by some protists bacteria and fungi to propagate themselves Heterokont zoospore of Saprolegnia with tinsel and whiplash flagella Contents 1 Diversity 1 1 Flagella types 1 2 Morphological types 2 Zoosporangium 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksDiversity EditFlagella types Edit Zoospores may possess one or more distinct types of flagella tinsel or decorated and whiplash in various combinations Tinsellated straminipilous 1 flagella have lateral filaments known as mastigonemes perpendicular to their main axis which allow for more surface area and disturbance of the medium giving them the property of a rudder that is used for steering Whiplash flagella are straight to power the zoospore through its medium Also the default zoospore only has the propelling whiplash flagella Both tinsel and whiplash flagella beat in a sinusoidal wave pattern but when both are present the tinsel beats in the opposite direction of the whiplash to give two axes of control of motility Morphological types Edit Figure 1 Zoospore types The arrow indicates direction of movement In eukaryotes the four main types of zoospore are 1 illustrated in Fig 1 at right Posterior whiplash flagella are a characteristic of the Chytridiomycota and a proposed uniting trait of the opisthokonts a large clade of eukaryotes containing animals and fungi Most of these have a single posterior flagellum Fig 1a but the Neocallimastigales have up to 16 Fig 1b Anisokonts are biflagellated zoospores with two whip types flagella of unequal length Fig 1c These are found in some of the Myxomycota and Plasmodiophoromycota Zoospores with a single anterior flagellum Fig 1d of the tinsel type are characteristic of Hyphochytriomycetes Heterokont are biflagellated zoospores Fig 1e f with both whiplash smooth and tinsel type fine outgrowths called mastigonemes flagella attached anteriorly or laterally These zoospores are characteristic of the Oomycota and other heterokonts Zoosporangium EditA zoosporangium is the asexual structure sporangium in which the zoospores develop in plants fungi or protists such as the Oomycota See also Edit Fungi portalAngiosperm Fern GametangiumReferences Edit a b Webster John Weber Roland 2007 Introduction to Fungi 3rd ed Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 23 24 ISBN 9780521014830 Alexopoulos C J Mims Charles W Blackwell M et al 2004 Introductory Mycology 4th ed Hoboken New Jersey John Wiley and Sons ISBN 0 471 52229 5 External links Edit Media related to Zoospores at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zoospore amp oldid 1118010599, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
