fbpx
Wikipedia

Andrew Murray (naturalist)

November 23, 2023

For other people named Andrew Murray (disambiguation), see Andrew Murray (disambiguation).

Andrew Dickson Murray FRSE FRPSE FLS (19 February 1812, Edinburgh – 10 January 1878, Kensington) was a Scottish lawyer, botanist, zoologist and entomologist. Murray studied insects which caused crop damage, specialising in the Coleoptera. In botany, he specialised in the Coniferae, in particular the Pacific rim conifer species.

Andrew D. Murray
The Pines and Firs of Japan, work edited in 1863
Born(1812-02-19)19 February 1812
Edinburgh
Died10 January 1878(1878-01-10) (aged 65)
Kensington, London
Known forBotanist, zoologist and entomologist
AwardsFellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh;
Fellow of the Linnean Society,
President of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh
Scientific career
Author abbrev. (botany)A.Murray bis
Author abbrev. (zoology)Murray

He served as president of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh during 1858–59.

Life edit

He was born at 17 Forth Street[1] in Edinburgh, on 19 February 1812, and was son of William Murray WS of Conland (now part of Glenrothes) and Duncrivie (near Kinross), and his wife Mary Thompson (d.1871).[2]

Murray was apprenticed in law under his father, and became a Writer to the Signet in 1837, joined the firm of Murray & Rhind, and for some time practised in Edinburgh.[3]

His earliest scientific papers were entomological, and did not appear until he was forty. On the death of the Rev. John Fleming, professor of natural science in New College, Edinburgh, in 1857, Murray took up his work for one session, and in the same year he became a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.[3]

On the foundation of the Oregon Exploration Society, he became its secretary, and this apparently first aroused his interest in Western North America and in the Coniferae. In 1858–9, Murray acted as president of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, and in 1860, abandoning the legal profession, he came to London and became assistant secretary to the Royal Horticultural Society (1860–5). In 1861, he was elected fellow of the Linnean Society. In 1868, he joined the scientific committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, and in 1877 was appointed its scientific director. In 1868, he began the collection of economic entomology for the Science and Art Department, now at the Bethnal Green Museum.[3]

In 1869, he went to St. Petersburg as one of the delegates to the botanical congress, and in 1873 to Utah and California to report on some mining concessions. This latter journey seems to have permanently injured his health. He died at Bedford Gardens, Campden Hill, Kensington, on 10 January 1878.

His chief contributions to entomology deal with Coleoptera, the unfinished monograph of the Nitidulariae, in the Linnean Transactions (vol. xxiv. 1863–4), undertaken at the suggestion of Dr. J. E. Gray, being perhaps the most important. His chief work on the Coniferae was to have been published by the Ray Society, but was never completed.[3]

Murray has been described as a forgotten pioneer in cave biology.[4]

Opposition to natural selection edit

Murray was a prominent opponent of the Darwin-Wallace model of natural selection.[5][6] Murray believed that hybridization was a better explanation for mimicry than natural selection. He contended that hybridization, modification and reversion to type had been set in motion by God.[6] Murray used the argument of the absence of intermediate evolutionary forms. He cited the example of eyeless insects of the same genera existing in isolated caves in distant parts of the world as evidence against natural selection.[6] Darwin described his objection as an "ingenious difficulty" but suggested he had little doubt that such insects were examples of living fossils.[7]

In 1860, Murray reviewed Darwin's On the Origin of Species in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He had sent proof-sheets of his review to Darwin before it was published. Darwin in a letter to Murray wrote "I thank you from my heart for your most kind letter. I never knew or heard of a hostile Reviewer doing so kind & generous an action."[8]

Some later biographers have described Murray as holding creationist views.[4][6] However, in his book The Geographical Distribution of Mammals (1866), he stated his issue was with natural selection, not the origin of species and that he "thoroughly accepted the theory that species are not produced by independent creation, but that, under the operation of a general law, the germs of organisms produce new forms different from themselves, when particular circumstances call the law into action."[9] In December, 1868 he presented an anti-Darwinian paper to the Linnean Society.[5]

Selected publications edit

  • 1853 Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Scotland Edinburgh, London, W. Blackwood and sons.
  • 1860 On Mr Darwin's theory of the origin of species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 4: 274–291.
  • 1860 On the Disguises of Nature; Being An Inquiry into the Laws which regulate External Form and Colour in Plants and Animals. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 11: 66–90.
  • 1861 On the pediculi infesting the different races of man Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 22: 567
  • 1866 The Geographical Distribution of Mammals
  • 1867 List of Coleoptera received from Old Calabar. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (3rd series) 19: 167–179.
  • 1868 The Journal of Travel and Natural History. London: Williams & Norgate.
  • 1870 Mimicry and Hybridisation. Nature 3: 54–56.
  • 1870 On the geographical relations of the chief coleopterous faunae. J. Linn. Soc. 11: 1–89.
  • 1871 Mimicry versus Hybridisation. Nature 3: 186–187.
  • 1877 Economic entomology Chapman and Hall, London.
The standard author abbreviation A.Murray bis is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[10]

References edit

  1. ^ Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1812
  2. ^ (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d Boulger 1894.
  4. ^ a b Moseley, Max. (2015). A forgotten British cave biology pioneer: Andrew Dickson Murray. Cave and Karst Science 42 (2): 60–62.
  5. ^ a b Glick, Thomas F. (1988). The Comparative Reception of Darwinism. University of Chicago Press. p. 52. ISBN 0-226-29977-5
  6. ^ a b c d Clark, John F. M. (2009). Bugs and the Victorians. Yale University Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-300-15091-9
  7. ^ Burkhardt, Frederick. (1993). The Correspondence of Charles Darwin:, Volume 8: Volume 1860. Cambridge University Press. p. 28. ISBN 0-521-44241-9
  8. ^ "To Andrew Murray 28 April [1860]". Darwin Correspondence Project.
  9. ^ Murray, Andrew. (1866). The Geographical Distribution of Mammals. London: Day & Son, Limited. p. 4
  10. ^ International Plant Names Index.  A.Murray bis.
Attribution

  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Boulger, George Simonds (1894). "Murray, Andrew (1812-1878)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 39. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

Sources edit

  • Anonym 1878 [Murray, A.] Entomologist's Monthly Magazine (3) 14 1877-78 215-216
  • Anonym 1879 [Murray, A.] Petites Nouv. Ent. 2 (Nr. 190) 207.
  • Kraatz, G. 1878 [Murray, A.] Dtsch. ent. Ztschr. 22 229.
  • Marseul, S. A. de 1883 Les Entomologistes et leurs Écrits (Entomologists and their writings) L'Abeille (4) 21(=3) 61-120 106–107.,
  • Musgrave, A. 1932 Bibliography of Australian Entomology 1775–1930. Sydney 233.
  • Westwood, J. O. 1877 [Murray, A.] Trans. Ent. Soc. London, London [1877] XXXIX.

External links edit

November 23, 2023
andrew, murray, naturalist, other, people, named, andrew, murray, disambiguation, andrew, murray, disambiguation, andrew, dickson, murray, frse, frpse, february, 1812, edinburgh, january, 1878, kensington, scottish, lawyer, botanist, zoologist, entomologist, m. For other people named Andrew Murray disambiguation see Andrew Murray disambiguation Andrew Dickson Murray FRSE FRPSE FLS 19 February 1812 Edinburgh 10 January 1878 Kensington was a Scottish lawyer botanist zoologist and entomologist Murray studied insects which caused crop damage specialising in the Coleoptera In botany he specialised in the Coniferae in particular the Pacific rim conifer species Andrew D MurrayThe Pines and Firs of Japan work edited in 1863Born 1812 02 19 19 February 1812EdinburghDied10 January 1878 1878 01 10 aged 65 Kensington LondonKnown forBotanist zoologist and entomologistAwardsFellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Fellow of the Linnean Society President of the Royal Physical Society of EdinburghScientific careerAuthor abbrev botany A Murray bisAuthor abbrev zoology MurrayHe served as president of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh during 1858 59 Contents 1 Life 2 Opposition to natural selection 3 Selected publications 4 References 5 Sources 6 External linksLife editHe was born at 17 Forth Street 1 in Edinburgh on 19 February 1812 and was son of William Murray WS of Conland now part of Glenrothes and Duncrivie near Kinross and his wife Mary Thompson d 1871 2 Murray was apprenticed in law under his father and became a Writer to the Signet in 1837 joined the firm of Murray amp Rhind and for some time practised in Edinburgh 3 His earliest scientific papers were entomological and did not appear until he was forty On the death of the Rev John Fleming professor of natural science in New College Edinburgh in 1857 Murray took up his work for one session and in the same year he became a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 3 On the foundation of the Oregon Exploration Society he became its secretary and this apparently first aroused his interest in Western North America and in the Coniferae In 1858 9 Murray acted as president of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh and in 1860 abandoning the legal profession he came to London and became assistant secretary to the Royal Horticultural Society 1860 5 In 1861 he was elected fellow of the Linnean Society In 1868 he joined the scientific committee of the Royal Horticultural Society and in 1877 was appointed its scientific director In 1868 he began the collection of economic entomology for the Science and Art Department now at the Bethnal Green Museum 3 In 1869 he went to St Petersburg as one of the delegates to the botanical congress and in 1873 to Utah and California to report on some mining concessions This latter journey seems to have permanently injured his health He died at Bedford Gardens Campden Hill Kensington on 10 January 1878 His chief contributions to entomology deal with Coleoptera the unfinished monograph of the Nitidulariae in the Linnean Transactions vol xxiv 1863 4 undertaken at the suggestion of Dr J E Gray being perhaps the most important His chief work on the Coniferae was to have been published by the Ray Society but was never completed 3 Murray has been described as a forgotten pioneer in cave biology 4 Opposition to natural selection editMurray was a prominent opponent of the Darwin Wallace model of natural selection 5 6 Murray believed that hybridization was a better explanation for mimicry than natural selection He contended that hybridization modification and reversion to type had been set in motion by God 6 Murray used the argument of the absence of intermediate evolutionary forms He cited the example of eyeless insects of the same genera existing in isolated caves in distant parts of the world as evidence against natural selection 6 Darwin described his objection as an ingenious difficulty but suggested he had little doubt that such insects were examples of living fossils 7 In 1860 Murray reviewed Darwin s On the Origin of Species in the Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh He had sent proof sheets of his review to Darwin before it was published Darwin in a letter to Murray wrote I thank you from my heart for your most kind letter I never knew or heard of a hostile Reviewer doing so kind amp generous an action 8 Some later biographers have described Murray as holding creationist views 4 6 However in his book The Geographical Distribution of Mammals 1866 he stated his issue was with natural selection not the origin of species and that he thoroughly accepted the theory that species are not produced by independent creation but that under the operation of a general law the germs of organisms produce new forms different from themselves when particular circumstances call the law into action 9 In December 1868 he presented an anti Darwinian paper to the Linnean Society 5 Selected publications edit1853 Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Scotland Edinburgh London W Blackwood and sons 1860 On Mr Darwin s theory of the origin of species Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 4 274 291 1860 On the Disguises of Nature Being An Inquiry into the Laws which regulate External Form and Colour in Plants and Animals Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 11 66 90 1861 On the pediculi infesting the different races of man Trans Roy Soc Edinb 22 567 1866 The Geographical Distribution of Mammals 1867 List of Coleoptera received from Old Calabar Annals and Magazine of Natural History 3rd series 19 167 179 1868 The Journal of Travel and Natural History London Williams amp Norgate 1870 Mimicry and Hybridisation Nature 3 54 56 1870 On the geographical relations of the chief coleopterous faunae J Linn Soc 11 1 89 1871 Mimicry versus Hybridisation Nature 3 186 187 1877 Economic entomology Chapman and Hall London The standard author abbreviation A Murray bis is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name 10 References edit Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1812 Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 2002 PDF The Royal Society of Edinburgh July 2006 ISBN 0 902 198 84 X Archived from the original PDF on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 20 October 2017 a b c d Boulger 1894 a b Moseley Max 2015 A forgotten British cave biology pioneer Andrew Dickson Murray Cave and Karst Science 42 2 60 62 a b Glick Thomas F 1988 The Comparative Reception of Darwinism University of Chicago Press p 52 ISBN 0 226 29977 5 a b c d Clark John F M 2009 Bugs and the Victorians Yale University Press p 113 ISBN 978 0 300 15091 9 Burkhardt Frederick 1993 The Correspondence of Charles Darwin Volume 8 Volume 1860 Cambridge University Press p 28 ISBN 0 521 44241 9 To Andrew Murray 28 April 1860 Darwin Correspondence Project Murray Andrew 1866 The Geographical Distribution of Mammals London Day amp Son Limited p 4 International Plant Names Index A Murray bis Attribution nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Boulger George Simonds 1894 Murray Andrew 1812 1878 In Lee Sidney ed Dictionary of National Biography Vol 39 London Smith Elder amp Co Sources editAnonym 1878 Murray A Entomologist s Monthly Magazine 3 14 1877 78 215 216 Anonym 1879 Murray A Petites Nouv Ent 2 Nr 190 207 Kraatz G 1878 Murray A Dtsch ent Ztschr 22 229 Marseul S A de 1883 Les Entomologistes et leurs Ecrits Entomologists and their writings L Abeille 4 21 3 61 120 106 107 Musgrave A 1932 Bibliography of Australian Entomology 1775 1930 Sydney 233 Westwood J O 1877 Murray A Trans Ent Soc London London 1877 XXXIX External links editInternet Archive Digitised Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Scotland http www wku edu smithch chronob MURR1812 htm Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Andrew Murray naturalist amp oldid 1166456579, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.