Chợ Lớn (listenⓘ, Chinese: 堤岸), usually anglicized as "Cholon" in English sources, is a quarter of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It lies on the west bank of the Saigon River, having Bình Tây Market as its central market. Chợ Lớn consists of the western half of District 5 as well as several adjoining neighborhoods in District 6 and District 11. The quarter has long been inhabited by Chinese people and is considered the largest Chinatown in the world by area.[citation needed]
The Vietnamese name Chợ Lớn literally means "big" (lớn) "market" (chợ). The Chinese (and original) name is 堤岸 (In Cantonese, tai4 ngon6, which is occasionally rendered in Vietnamese orthography as Thầy Ngòn or Thì Ngòn,[4] and in Mandarin, Dī'àn),[1][2] which means "embankment" (French: quais). The Sino-Vietnamese reading of the Chinese name is Đê Ngạn, but this is rarely used. Vietnamese speakers exclusively use the name Chợ Lớn, while Chinese speakers (both inside Vietnam and in China) are the only users of the original Chinese name.
The city of Chợ Lớn was established by the Hoa community. The Lê dynasty which was the ruling family in the sixteenth century began to decline in power and two rival families, the Trịnh and Nguyễn families began to vie for power to fill in the void of the Lê. The Nguyễn lords were then appointed as Viceroy of the South with headquarters at Huế where they encouraged Chinese immigration to settle down into the area.[5]
In 1778, Hoa people living in Biên Hòa had to take refuge in what is now Chợ Lớn because they were retaliated against by the Tây Sơn forces for their support of the Nguyễn lords. In 1782, more than 10,000 Hoa people were again massacred by the Tây Sơn and had to rebuild.[6] They built high embankments against the flows of the river and called their new settlement Tai-Ngon (meaning "embankment" in Cantonese).
Map of Chợ Lớn in 1874Chợ Lớn Post Office in 1930, now Hong Bang Boulevard & Chau Van Liem Boulevard in District 5
Chợ Lớn was incorporated as a city in 1879, 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) from Saigon. By the 1930s, it had expanded to the city limit of Saigon. On April 27, 1931, Chợ Lớn and the neighboring city of Saigon were merged to form a single city called Saigon–Cholon. The official name, however, never entered everyday vernacular and the city continued to be referred to as Saigon. "Cholon" was dropped from the city's official name in 1956, after Vietnam gained independence from France in 1955.[7]
During the Vietnam War, soldiers and deserters from the United States Army maintained a thriving black market at Chợ Lớn, trading in various American and especially U.S. Army-issue items. This was the area, near the Quan Âm Pagoda where photojournalist Eddie Adams took his famous execution photograph.[8] Four Australian journalists were also killed in Chợ Lớn during the Tet Offensive in 1968.[9]
Gontran de Poncins - French author, aristocrat, and adventurer lived here in 1955. He resided in the Sun Wah hotel, keeping an illustrated journal that was published as From a Chinese City (published in 1957). "He chose Cho Lon, the Chinese riverbank community snuggled up to Saigon because he suspected the ancient customs of a national culture endure longer in remote colonies than in the motherland. In effect, he was studying a bit of ancient China."[12]
^Socio-Economic Background of the Hoa People(PDF) (Thesis). Shodhganga. p. 34.
^Socio-Economic Background of the Hoa People(PDF) (Thesis). Shodhganga. p. 34.
^P. 61, Historic Dictionary of Ho Chi Minh City (written by Justin Corfield; published by Anthem Press in 2013)
^Faber, John (1978). Great News Photos and the Stories Behind Them. Courier Dover Publications. p. 136. ISBN9780486236674.
^Colebatch, Hal G.P. (October 30, 2009). "The Saigon media slaughter". The Australian. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
^St. George, Donna. "Cao Van Vien, 1921-2008." Washington Post. January 2, 2009.
^Kinnard, Douglas. The War Managers: American Generals Reflect on Vietnam. Reprint ed. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press, 1991. ISBN0-306-80449-2
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For the former province of South Vietnam see Chợ Lớn province Not to be confused with Cholon District in Peru Chợ Lớn listen Chinese 堤岸 usually anglicized as Cholon in English sources is a quarter of Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam It lies on the west bank of the Saigon River having Binh Tay Market as its central market Chợ Lớn consists of the western half of District 5 as well as several adjoining neighborhoods in District 6 and District 11 The quarter has long been inhabited by Chinese people and is considered the largest Chinatown in the world by area citation needed Chợ LớnBinh Tay Market in Chợ LớnChinese nameChinese堤岸 1 2 Literal meaningembankmentTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinDi anWade GilesTi1an4IPA ti ˈa n Yue CantoneseJyutpingtai4ngon6Vietnamese nameVietnamese alphabetChợ LớnHan Nom𢄂𡘯 3 The Vietnamese name Chợ Lớn literally means big lớn market chợ The Chinese and original name is 堤岸 In Cantonese tai4 ngon6 which is occasionally rendered in Vietnamese orthography as Thầy Ngon or Thi Ngon 4 and in Mandarin Di an 1 2 which means embankment French quais The Sino Vietnamese reading of the Chinese name is Đe Ngạn but this is rarely used Vietnamese speakers exclusively use the name Chợ Lớn while Chinese speakers both inside Vietnam and in China are the only users of the original Chinese name Contents 1 History 2 Notable residents 3 Temples and monuments 4 External links 5 ReferencesHistory edit nbsp Typical shophouse architecture of Chợ Lớn The city of Chợ Lớn was established by the Hoa community The Le dynasty which was the ruling family in the sixteenth century began to decline in power and two rival families the Trịnh and Nguyễn families began to vie for power to fill in the void of the Le The Nguyễn lords were then appointed as Viceroy of the South with headquarters at Huế where they encouraged Chinese immigration to settle down into the area 5 In 1778 Hoa people living in Bien Hoa had to take refuge in what is now Chợ Lớn because they were retaliated against by the Tay Sơn forces for their support of the Nguyễn lords In 1782 more than 10 000 Hoa people were again massacred by the Tay Sơn and had to rebuild 6 They built high embankments against the flows of the river and called their new settlement Tai Ngon meaning embankment in Cantonese nbsp Map of Chợ Lớn in 1874 nbsp Chợ Lớn Post Office in 1930 now Hong Bang Boulevard amp Chau Van Liem Boulevard in District 5 Chợ Lớn was incorporated as a city in 1879 11 kilometers 6 8 mi from Saigon By the 1930s it had expanded to the city limit of Saigon On April 27 1931 Chợ Lớn and the neighboring city of Saigon were merged to form a single city called Saigon Cholon The official name however never entered everyday vernacular and the city continued to be referred to as Saigon Cholon was dropped from the city s official name in 1956 after Vietnam gained independence from France in 1955 7 During the Vietnam War soldiers and deserters from the United States Army maintained a thriving black market at Chợ Lớn trading in various American and especially U S Army issue items This was the area near the Quan Am Pagoda where photojournalist Eddie Adams took his famous execution photograph 8 Four Australian journalists were also killed in Chợ Lớn during the Tet Offensive in 1968 9 Today Chợ Lớn attracts many tourists especially mainland Chinese and Taiwanese Notable residents editYvon Petra He was born in Chợ Lớn He is best remembered as the last Frenchman to win the Wimbledon championships men s singles title in 1946 Cao Văn Vien Chief of the Joint General Staff of the Army of the Republic of Vietnam from 1966 to 1975 10 11 Gontran de Poncins French author aristocrat and adventurer lived here in 1955 He resided in the Sun Wah hotel keeping an illustrated journal that was published as From a Chinese City published in 1957 He chose Cho Lon the Chinese riverbank community snuggled up to Saigon because he suspected the ancient customs of a national culture endure longer in remote colonies than in the motherland In effect he was studying a bit of ancient China 12 Charles Tran Van Lam Wan Kwong Chinese 尹光 born Lui Minkwong 呂明光 and also known as Jackson Wan Kwong Hong Kong singerTemples and monuments edit nbsp Quan Am Temple a famous Chinese temple in Chợ Lớn nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cho Lon Quan Am Temple 觀音寺 Thien Hau Temple Cholon Cho Lon Mosque Nhị Phủ Temple 二府廟 Ha Chương Hokkien Guildhall Miếu Quan Đế 關帝廟 Minh Hương Guildhall 明鄉嘉盛會館 Tam Sơn Guildhall 三山會館 External links edit Cholon Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 6 11th ed 1911 p 267 literatier Ulrich Brinkhoff Albtraume am Saigon Fluss Agenda 2014 ISBN 978 3 89688 516 6 book contains many situations and photos in Cholon in German References edit a b 堤岸 全球最大的唐人街 組圖 國際在線 新聞中心 a b 胡志明市堤岸區 粵語通行的 小香港 Archived from the original on October 4 2013 Retrieved November 15 2015 Cholon Ho Chi Minh City the Vietnam Guide thevietnamguide com Archived from the original on April 25 2012 Bảo tang Lịch sử Quốc gia Vietnam National Museum of History in Vietnamese Retrieved January 19 2022 Socio Economic Background of the Hoa People PDF Thesis Shodhganga p 34 Socio Economic Background of the Hoa People PDF Thesis Shodhganga p 34 P 61 Historic Dictionary of Ho Chi Minh City written by Justin Corfield published by Anthem Press in 2013 Faber John 1978 Great News Photos and the Stories Behind Them Courier Dover Publications p 136 ISBN 9780486236674 Colebatch Hal G P October 30 2009 The Saigon media slaughter The Australian Retrieved November 6 2013 St George Donna Cao Van Vien 1921 2008 Washington Post January 2 2009 Kinnard Douglas The War Managers American Generals Reflect on Vietnam Reprint ed Cambridge Massachusetts Da Capo Press 1991 ISBN 0 306 80449 2 Book product description 10 44 56 N 106 39 00 E 10 749 N 106 65 E 10 749 106 65 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chợ Lớn amp oldid 1220575553, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
