Cedid Atlas (Ottoman Turkish: جديد اطلس; or اطلسِ جديد, Atlas-ı Cedid) is the first translation of the atlas in the Muslim world, printed and published in 1803 in Constantinople, the capital of the Ottoman Empire. The full title of the atlas reads as Cedid Atlas Tercümesi (meaning, literally, "A Translation of a New Atlas") and in most libraries outside Turkey, it is recorded and referenced accordingly.
Title Page of the Cedid Atlas (also known as Cedid Atlas Tercümesi)
Although manuscripts and hand-drawn maps were widely available, the Cedid Atlas could only be published in 1803 by Müderris Abdurrahman Efendi in a style based on European sources.
The Cedid Atlas is the first translation of the atlas in the Muslim world, printed and published in 1803 in Constantinople, then the capital of the Ottoman Empire.[1][2][3] The full title name of the atlas reads as Cedid Atlas Tercümesi (meaning, literally, "A Translation of a New Atlas") and in most libraries outside Turkey, it is recorded and referenced accordingly.
Although manuscripts and hand-drawn maps were widely available throughout the Muslim world, the massive printing of books started only in 1729 by Ibrahim Muteferrika and the Cedid Atlas could only be published in 1803 by Müderris Abdurrahman Efendi in a style based on European sources.[1]
The Cedid Atlas includes a monochrome celestial chart and 24 hand-coloured copper engraved maps [4] of various parts of the world; the celestial chart and maps measure at least (53 cm by 72 cm) and all the maps are actually adaptations [5] of William Faden's [6]General Atlas. The maps are preceded by a (1+79) page-long treatise of geography, "Ucalet-ül Coğrafiye" by Mahmud Raif Efendi [7][8] and a title page. The "Ucalet-ül Coğrafiye" of Mahmud Raif Efendi was printed one year later, in 1804, and bound together with the atlas.[9]
From a point of view of art, the atlas is notable for the color of the maps as well as the beauty of the script on the maps.[10]
The Cedid Atlas was published in parallel with the developments of the Ottoman Empire's Nizam-ı Cedid, the "New-Order" or the "New System" ("Cedid" means "new" and "Nizam" means "system", "regime", or "order") and its title-name reflects this clearly. The atlas was new in terms of cartographical knowledge and well suited to the new system which tried to introduce new institutions into the Ottoman Empire while trying to replace existing ones with contemporary counterparts from the West. Introduced by the ruling padishah (the sultan) of the Ottoman Empire, Selim III, the "New-Order" included a series of reforms which mainly modernized and changed the structure of the then existing Ottoman army and changed the administrative structure of the Empire. It was an effort to catch up with technical, military, economic, and administrative achievements of the West against which the Ottoman Empire was losing grounds since the 17th century. New military and engineering schools were established and governmental units related with the foreign relations and affairs were re-organized to align with the new system. For these schools, governmental units, and the wholly re-organized army reformed according to the European practice, a new understanding and applications of geography of the standards of the West were necessary and the Cedid Atlas was translated and printed for this purpose.
Only 50 copies of this atlas (measuring 36 cm x 53 cm) were printed at the press. A copy was presented to Selim III; several copies were also presented to the high-ranking officials of the Empire, some were reserved for the library of Muhendishane (military engineering school of the time), and the remaining were reserved for sale. However, during the "Alemdar Vakası", an uprising of the janissaries in Constantinople during November 15–18, 1808,[11] a fire at the warehouse of the press destroyed an unknown (unaccounted) number of the copies reserved for sale.[12] Based on several estimates and accounting for the single maps (torn-out from bound volumes of the atlas) sold or being sold worldwide, it is believed that a maximum of 20 complete examples could be present in libraries or in private collections [13] whereas some sources suggest that there exist only 10 complete and intact copies in the world.[5][12][14][15] As such, it's one of the rarest printed atlases of historical value.[5][12][14][15][16]
Other names
A few sources outside Turkey and the Muslim world also refer to this atlas as the New Great Atlas.[15] In Turkey, since the printing press of the book was located in the historical Üsküdar (Scutari) region (now a municipality) of Istanbul, the atlas sometimes is referred to as the Üsküdar Atlası.[12]
Existing copies
These are the only 12 complete copies known to exist in the world:
Turkey - Library of the Istanbul Technical University (İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, formerly known as ""Engineering School (Mühendislik Mektebi")) - 2 copies - Complete (presence of copies are not confirmed)
Turkey - Library of the Boğaziçi University (Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, formerly known as Robert College) - 3 copies - Complete (presence of only 1 copy is confirmed)
United Arab Emirates - Antiquarian bookseller; Eqtna for Rare Books[permanent dead link].[17] The copy was displayed for sale at the Sharjah Book Fair 2016.[18] - 1 copy - Complete
Swann Auction Galleries, New York - 1 complete copy sold on 26 May 2016.[19]
(Contrary to sources, on-line library search at the library of Boğaziçi University shows only 1 copy according to the records, and an on-line search at the library of the Istanbul Technical University shows no copies according to records. WorldCat union catalogue search of all the libraries confirms this result. Accordingly, there are only 10 complete and intact copies confirmed to exist in the world.)
These are the incomplete copies known to exist in the world:
Sweden - Kungliga Biblioteket (Royal Library of Sweden) - 1 copy (missing the title page) [22]
Austria - Antikvariat InLibris, Vienna - 1 copy (Missing the celestial chart).[23]
The following libraries possess very limited portions of the atlas :
Bibliothèque nationale de France owns the initial (1+79) page-long geographical treatise "Ucalet-ül Coğrafiye" and one map only, title page and the remaining maps of the atlas are missing.
Occasionally, single maps of the Cedid Atlas are presented for sale by on-line book sellers or auctioneers.
Maps in the Cedid Atlas
In addition to the (53 cm x 72 cm) monochrome celestial map, there are 24 coloured maps in the atlas; some of them are larger than (53 cm x 72 cm). In order of appearance, these maps show:
Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere
South Pole and North Pole
The World
Europe (including Iceland)
Anatolia, Black Sea, Aegean Sea, Balkan Peninsula, (heel of) Italy, Iraq/Syria/Lebanon/Jordan/Palestine/Cyprus/Crete (in the south)
Adriatic Coast, Italy, Southern France, Iberian Peninsula, Libya/Tunis/Algeria (in the south)
Anatolia (the) Black Sea, Crimea, Southern Ukraine, (north of) Balkan Peninsula to Hungary
Western Anatolia, Aegean Sea, Crete (in the south), Greece
England (and Wales)
Scotland and Scottish Islands
The Low Countries : Hanau, Luxembourg, Brabant, Flanders, Northern France
France (at the time of the monarchy)
The English Channel and the Channel Islands, Western France Coast
France (at the time of the republic)
Germany (from Brandenburg to Braunschweig)
Poland, Prussia, Lithuania (to the north)
Continent of Asia
Azerbaijan, Armenia, Western Iran, Iraq/Syria/Lebanon/Jordan/Palestine/Cyprus (in the south), Anatolia, Kurdistan, Al Jazzira
Continent of Africa
River Nile in Egypt in detail (including the Nile Delta)
Continents of America (North, Central, South) and (part of) Pacific Ocean
Eastern North America
Central/South America (Guyana) Coast
The Lesser Antilles (including) Puerto Rico, Trinidad, Tobago
University of Chicago - European Cartographers and the Ottoman World (1500-1750)
Turkish Cultural Foundation - Turkish Graphic Arts
Jerusalem Quarterly - Shifting Ottoman Conceptions of Palestine : Ethnography and Cartography
(in Turkish)
(in Turkish)
Books
The Ottoman Centuries: The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire. Kinross, Patrick. Perennial, London, 1977.
İmparatorluğun En Uzun Yüzyılı. Ortaylı, İlber. Hil Yayinları, İstanbul, 1983. (in Turkish)
Military, Administrative, and Scholarly Maps and Plans. Karamustafa, Ahmet T. In "The History of Cartography, Vol. 2, Book 1: Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies, edited by J. B. Harley and David Woodward, pp. 209–28", University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1992.
Türk Bilim ve Matbaacılık Tarihinde Mühendishane, Mühendishane Matbaası ve Kütüphanesi (1776-1826). Beydilli, Kemal. Eren Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 1995. (in Turkish)
Mühendishane ve Üsküdar Matbaalarında Basılan Kitapların Listesi ve Bir Katolog. Beydilli, Kemal. Eren Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 1997. (in Turkish)
History of the Ottoman Empire, Volume 2. Shaw, S.J. and Shaw, E.Z., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997.
Mahmud Raif Efendi ve Nizâm-ı Cedîd'e Dair Eseri. Beydilli, Kemal & Şahin, İlhan. Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, Ankara, 2001. (in Turkish)
^"Cedid Atlas Terc%FCmesi von Mahmoud". www.zvab.com (in German). Retrieved 2017-02-08.
External links
Brown University Library - A Landmark Turkish Atlas
Library of Congress - Near East Collections - Cedid Atlas
Library of Congress - "New Order" Artifacts - Cedid Atlas Tercümesi
Maps: 1801-1815
Cornucopia of Ottomania and Turcomania - Ottoman Printed World Map
Terra Cognita - Newsletter of the Society for the History of Discoveries - Cedid Atlas at the Newberry Library
Turkish Incunabula in the Sweden Royal Library
Sweden Royal Library - Cedid Atlas
Leiden University Library - Cedid Atlas Tercemesi(in Dutch)
Copy of "Ucalet-ül Coğrafiye" at Bibliothèque Nationale de France (in French)
Map From Cedid Atlas at Bibliothèque Nationale de France (in French)
National Library of Australia - Maps From Cedid Atlas
National Library of Australia - Gateways: Cedid Atlas
To View All Pages of "Ucalet-ül Coğrafiye", Title Page, Celestial Map and all 24 Coloured Maps of Cedid Atlas at the Library of Congress Website
(in Turkish)
Turkey : Yapı Kredi Sermet Çifter Araştırma Kütüphanesi Incomplete Cedid Atlas Copy (in Turkish)
History and Maps - Blog in Spanish and English (in Spanish)
March 14, 2023
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Cedid Atlas Ottoman Turkish جديد اطلس or اطلس جديد Atlas i Cedid is the first translation of the atlas in the Muslim world printed and published in 1803 in Constantinople the capital of the Ottoman Empire The full title of the atlas reads as Cedid Atlas Tercumesi meaning literally A Translation of a New Atlas and in most libraries outside Turkey it is recorded and referenced accordingly Title Page of the Cedid Atlas also known as Cedid Atlas Tercumesi Although manuscripts and hand drawn maps were widely available the Cedid Atlas could only be published in 1803 by Muderris Abdurrahman Efendi in a style based on European sources Contents 1 History 2 Other names 3 Existing copies 4 Maps in the Cedid Atlas 5 Paper analysis 6 Gallery 7 Articles and papers 8 Books 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksHistory EditThe Cedid Atlas is the first translation of the atlas in the Muslim world printed and published in 1803 in Constantinople then the capital of the Ottoman Empire 1 2 3 The full title name of the atlas reads as Cedid Atlas Tercumesi meaning literally A Translation of a New Atlas and in most libraries outside Turkey it is recorded and referenced accordingly Although manuscripts and hand drawn maps were widely available throughout the Muslim world the massive printing of books started only in 1729 by Ibrahim Muteferrika and the Cedid Atlas could only be published in 1803 by Muderris Abdurrahman Efendi in a style based on European sources 1 The Cedid Atlas includes a monochrome celestial chart and 24 hand coloured copper engraved maps 4 of various parts of the world the celestial chart and maps measure at least 53 cm by 72 cm and all the maps are actually adaptations 5 of William Faden s 6 General Atlas The maps are preceded by a 1 79 page long treatise of geography Ucalet ul Cografiye by Mahmud Raif Efendi 7 8 and a title page The Ucalet ul Cografiye of Mahmud Raif Efendi was printed one year later in 1804 and bound together with the atlas 9 From a point of view of art the atlas is notable for the color of the maps as well as the beauty of the script on the maps 10 The Cedid Atlas was published in parallel with the developments of the Ottoman Empire s Nizam i Cedid the New Order or the New System Cedid means new and Nizam means system regime or order and its title name reflects this clearly The atlas was new in terms of cartographical knowledge and well suited to the new system which tried to introduce new institutions into the Ottoman Empire while trying to replace existing ones with contemporary counterparts from the West Introduced by the ruling padishah the sultan of the Ottoman Empire Selim III the New Order included a series of reforms which mainly modernized and changed the structure of the then existing Ottoman army and changed the administrative structure of the Empire It was an effort to catch up with technical military economic and administrative achievements of the West against which the Ottoman Empire was losing grounds since the 17th century New military and engineering schools were established and governmental units related with the foreign relations and affairs were re organized to align with the new system For these schools governmental units and the wholly re organized army reformed according to the European practice a new understanding and applications of geography of the standards of the West were necessary and the Cedid Atlas was translated and printed for this purpose Only 50 copies of this atlas measuring 36 cm x 53 cm were printed at the press A copy was presented to Selim III several copies were also presented to the high ranking officials of the Empire some were reserved for the library of Muhendishane military engineering school of the time and the remaining were reserved for sale However during the Alemdar Vakasi an uprising of the janissaries in Constantinople during November 15 18 1808 11 a fire at the warehouse of the press destroyed an unknown unaccounted number of the copies reserved for sale 12 Based on several estimates and accounting for the single maps torn out from bound volumes of the atlas sold or being sold worldwide it is believed that a maximum of 20 complete examples could be present in libraries or in private collections 13 whereas some sources suggest that there exist only 10 complete and intact copies in the world 5 12 14 15 As such it s one of the rarest printed atlases of historical value 5 12 14 15 16 Other names EditA few sources outside Turkey and the Muslim world also refer to this atlas as the New Great Atlas 15 In Turkey since the printing press of the book was located in the historical Uskudar Scutari region now a municipality of Istanbul the atlas sometimes is referred to as the Uskudar Atlasi 12 Existing copies EditThese are the only 12 complete copies known to exist in the world Turkey Topkapi Sarayi Topkapi Palace 1 copy Complete Turkey Library of the Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Teknik Universitesi formerly known as Engineering School Muhendislik Mektebi 2 copies Complete presence of copies are not confirmed Turkey Library of the Bogazici University Bogazici Universitesi formerly known as Robert College 3 copies Complete presence of only 1 copy is confirmed Turkey Municipality of Uskudar Uskudar Belediyesi 1 copy Complete United States Library of Congress 1 copy Complete United States Princeton University Library 1 copy Complete Netherlands Leiden University Library 1 copy Complete United Arab Emirates Antiquarian bookseller Eqtna for Rare Books permanent dead link 17 The copy was displayed for sale at the Sharjah Book Fair 2016 18 1 copy Complete Swann Auction Galleries New York 1 complete copy sold on 26 May 2016 19 Contrary to sources on line library search at the library of Bogazici University shows only 1 copy according to the records and an on line search at the library of the Istanbul Technical University shows no copies according to records WorldCat union catalogue search of all the libraries confirms this result Accordingly there are only 10 complete and intact copies confirmed to exist in the world These are the incomplete copies known to exist in the world United States John Carter Brown Library Brown University 1 copy missing 2 maps United States Newberry Library 1 copy missing 1 map and also 1 available map is from another copy Turkey Yapi Kredi Sermet Cifter Arastirma Kutuphanesi 1 copy missing several maps Turkey Bursa Inebey Kutuphanesi 1 copy missing several maps Norway Nasjonalbiblioteket National Library of Norway 1 copy missing 2 maps 20 21 Sweden Kungliga Biblioteket Royal Library of Sweden 1 copy missing the title page 22 Austria Antikvariat InLibris Vienna 1 copy Missing the celestial chart 23 The following libraries possess very limited portions of the atlas Bibliotheque nationale de France owns the initial 1 79 page long geographical treatise Ucalet ul Cografiye and one map only title page and the remaining maps of the atlas are missing National Library of Australia owns only two maps of the atlas with all the rest missing Occasionally single maps of the Cedid Atlas are presented for sale by on line book sellers or auctioneers Maps in the Cedid Atlas EditIn addition to the 53 cm x 72 cm monochrome celestial map there are 24 coloured maps in the atlas some of them are larger than 53 cm x 72 cm In order of appearance these maps show Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere South Pole and North Pole The World Europe including Iceland Anatolia Black Sea Aegean Sea Balkan Peninsula heel of Italy Iraq Syria Lebanon Jordan Palestine Cyprus Crete in the south Adriatic Coast Italy Southern France Iberian Peninsula Libya Tunis Algeria in the south Anatolia the Black Sea Crimea Southern Ukraine north of Balkan Peninsula to Hungary Western Anatolia Aegean Sea Crete in the south Greece England and Wales Scotland and Scottish Islands The Low Countries Hanau Luxembourg Brabant Flanders Northern France France at the time of the monarchy The English Channel and the Channel Islands Western France Coast France at the time of the republic Germany from Brandenburg to Braunschweig Poland Prussia Lithuania to the north Continent of Asia Azerbaijan Armenia Western Iran Iraq Syria Lebanon Jordan Palestine Cyprus in the south Anatolia Kurdistan Al Jazzira Continent of Africa River Nile in Egypt in detail including the Nile Delta Continents of America North Central South and part of Pacific Ocean Eastern North America Central South America Guyana Coast The Lesser Antilles including Puerto Rico Trinidad TobagoPaper analysis EditExamination of the watermarks lead some Princeton University professors believe that the paper is of Russian origin but John Delaney the historical maps curator for the Princeton University Library believes it is possibly from Venice Italy 10 Gallery EditPages from the Cedid Atlas World map The Ottoman controlled Western Asia Balkans and Anatolia Europe including Ottoman Southeast Europe Africa including Ottoman North Africa Ottoman EgyptArticles and papers EditUniversity of Chicago European Cartographers and the Ottoman World 1500 1750 Turkish Cultural Foundation Turkish Graphic Arts Jerusalem Quarterly Shifting Ottoman Conceptions of Palestine Ethnography and Cartography Istanbul Universitesi Dergisi Article in Turkish by Cengiz Orhonlu in Turkish Istanbul Universitesi Dergisi Article in Turkish by Deniz Ekinci in Turkish Books EditThe Ottoman Centuries The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire Kinross Patrick Perennial London 1977 Imparatorlugun En Uzun Yuzyili Ortayli Ilber Hil Yayinlari Istanbul 1983 in Turkish Military Administrative and Scholarly Maps and Plans Karamustafa Ahmet T In The History of Cartography Vol 2 Book 1 Cartography in the Traditional Islamic and South Asian Societies edited by J B Harley and David Woodward pp 209 28 University of Chicago Press Chicago 1992 Turk Bilim ve Matbaacilik Tarihinde Muhendishane Muhendishane Matbaasi ve Kutuphanesi 1776 1826 Beydilli Kemal Eren Yayincilik Istanbul 1995 in Turkish Muhendishane ve Uskudar Matbaalarinda Basilan Kitaplarin Listesi ve Bir Katolog Beydilli Kemal Eren Yayincilik Istanbul 1997 in Turkish History of the Ottoman Empire Volume 2 Shaw S J and Shaw E Z Cambridge University Press Cambridge 1997 Mahmud Raif Efendi ve Nizam i Cedid e Dair Eseri Beydilli Kemal amp Sahin Ilhan Turk Tarih Kurumu Yayinlari Ankara 2001 in Turkish See also EditMap Atlas Cartography History of cartography Map collection Piri Reis map Book collecting Incunable Printing Printing press History of printing Geography Geography and cartography in medieval Islam Table of historical maps List of atlasesReferences Edit a b First Printed Atlas in the Muslim World Archived 2017 07 31 at the Wayback Machine in Turkish Antique Maps Timeline of Cartography permanent dead link The First World Atlas Printed by Muslims April 1803 March 1804 Beydilli 1995 in Turkish a b c Artifacts from the New Order November 1998 Library of Congress Information Bulletin Library of Congress William Faden s Biography Mahmud Raif Efendi As The Chief Secretary of Yusuf Agah Efendi The First Permanent Ottoman Turkish Ambassador to London 1793 1797 Mahmud Raif Efendi s Ucalet ul Cografiye Archived 2012 06 28 at the Wayback Machine in Turkish Ottoman Statesmen Mahmud Raif Efendi Archived 2012 06 28 at the Wayback Machine in Turkish a b In this map it s still Constantinople Archived from the original on 2016 03 04 Retrieved 2022 06 29 Kinross 1977 pp 431 434 a b c d Municipality of Uskudar Istanbul Archived 2013 04 18 at archive today in Turkish Antique maps Paulus Swaen Auction Galleries RAIF EFENDI Guyana Surinam Amapa a b Newly acquired Cedid Atlas Tercumesi Istanbul 1803 Archived March 20 2014 at the Wayback Machine a b c Allison Rich The New Great Atlas Istanbul 1803 1804 The John Carter Brown Library Archived from the original on 2012 06 06 World map in Mercator s projection cartographic material National Library of Australia 1803 Cedid Atlas Tercumesi New Atlas translated by Effendi Mahmoud Raif Uksudar Istanbul Tabhane i Humayun press Hardcover 1st Edition EQTNA Rare Books amp Manuscripts www abebooks com Retrieved 2017 12 07 Rare Arabian Nights book in Arabic at the Sharjah book fair The Gulf Today Retrieved 2016 02 23 Full Details for Lot 199 catalogue swanngalleries com Retrieved 2017 02 08 Norway s National Library Discovers Rare Atlas With A Little Help From Reddit NPR org 15 January 2016 AbOhlheiser 14 January 2016 How a karma seeking Redditor uncovered one of the world s rarest atlases Washington Post Utstallningen goran baarnhielm net Retrieved 2017 02 08 Cedid Atlas Terc FCmesi von Mahmoud www zvab com in German Retrieved 2017 02 08 External links EditPrinceton University Library Cedid Atlas Tercumesi Brown University Library A Landmark Turkish Atlas Brown University Library The New Great Atlas Istanbul 1803 1804 Library of Congress Near East Collections Cedid Atlas Library of Congress New Order Artifacts Cedid Atlas Tercumesi Maps 1801 1815 Cornucopia of Ottomania and Turcomania Ottoman Printed World Map Terra Cognita Newsletter of the Society for the History of Discoveries Cedid Atlas at the Newberry Library Turkish Incunabula in the Sweden Royal Library Sweden Royal Library Cedid Atlas Leiden University Library Cedid Atlas Tercemesi in Dutch Copy of Ucalet ul Cografiye at Bibliotheque Nationale de France in French Map From Cedid Atlas at Bibliotheque Nationale de France in French National Library of Australia Maps From Cedid Atlas National Library of Australia Gateways Cedid Atlas To View All Pages of Ucalet ul Cografiye Title Page Celestial Map and all 24 Coloured Maps of Cedid Atlas at the Library of Congress Website Turkey Bursa Inebey Kutuphanesi Incomplete Cedid Atlas Copy in Turkish Turkey Yapi Kredi Sermet Cifter Arastirma Kutuphanesi Incomplete Cedid Atlas Copy in Turkish History and Maps Blog in Spanish and English in Spanish Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cedid Atlas amp oldid 1123411737, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
