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Üsküdar

Üsküdar (Turkish pronunciation: [ysˈcydaɾ]) is a large and densely populated district of Istanbul, Turkey, on the Anatolian (Asian) shore of the Bosphorus. It is bordered to the north by Beykoz, to the east by Ümraniye, to the southeast by Ataşehir and to the south by Kadıköy; with Karaköy, Kabataş, Beşiktaş, and the historic city center of Fatih facing it on the opposite shore to the west. Üsküdar has been a conservative cultural center of the Anatolian side of Istanbul since Ottoman times with its numerous historic landmark and little mosques and dergahs. It is home to about half a million people.

Üsküdar
Üsküdar Belediyesi
Municipality of Üsküdar
Maiden's Tower (Kız Kulesi) off the coast of Üsküdar in Istanbul
Üsküdar
Coordinates (Municipal Building): 41°1′26.36″N 29°0′59.48″E / 41.0239889°N 29.0165222°E / 41.0239889; 29.0165222
CountryTurkey
ProvinceIstanbul Province
Made a municipality of Istanbul1984
Neighborhoods
List
Government
 • MayorHilmi Türkmen (AK Party)
Area
 • District46.41 km2 (17.92 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[1]
 • District
524.452
 • District density11/km2 (29/sq mi)
Websiteuskudar.bel.tr

Üsküdar is a major transport hub, with ferries to Eminönü, Karaköy, Kabataş, Besiktaş and some of the Bosphorus suburbs. Üsküdar is a stop on the Marmaray rail service at the point where it starts its journey under the Bosphorus, re-emerging on the European side at Sirkeci. Via Marmaray, Üsküdar is linked to Gebze on the Asian side of the city and Halkali on the European side. Üsküdar is also a stop on the M5 Metro line to Çekmeköy. Buses run along the Bosphorus shore all the way up north to Anadaolu Kavağı in Beykoz district. A bus service also operates to the summer town of Şile on the Black Sea.

Üsküdar started as Chrysopolis (Greek: Χρυσόπολις, 'Golden City') and later became known as Scutari (Skoutàrion, Σκουτάριον in Greek), a name it retained until the founding of the Turkish Republic. Scutari was also used for the Albanian city Shkodër, which has a different etymology.

Etymology

Üsküdar was originally called Skoutarion (Byzantine Greek: Σκουτάριον) during the Byzantine Empire. This may commemorate the leather scutum shields used by guards since the word scutari means 'raw tanned leather'. Invading Persians, Slavic tribes, Arabs, and Crusaders called the city Eksüdar or Escutaire.[2]

History

Chrysopolis

Üsküdar was founded in the 7th century BC by ancient Greek colonists from Megara a few decades before Byzantium was founded on the opposite shore.[3] It was originally called Chrysopolis (Greek: Χρυσόπολις, 'Golden City'). According to an ancient Greek geographer, the city received the name Chrysopolis because the Persian empire had a gold depository there or because it was associated with Agamemnon and Chryseis' son, Chryses.[4] On the other hand, according to an 18th-century writer, it received the name because of the excellence of its harbor.[5] The city was used as a harbor and shipyard and was an important staging post in the wars between the Greeks and Persians. In 410 BC Chrysopolis was taken by the Athenian general Alcibiades, and the Athenians used it thenceforth to charge a toll on ships coming from and going to the Black Sea.[4] Long overshadowed by its neighbor Chalcedon during the Hellenistic and Roman period, it maintained its identity and increased its prosperity until it surpassed Chalcedon.[3] Due to its less favorable location with respect to the currents of the Bosporus, however, it never surpassed Byzantium.[3] In AD 324, the final battle between Constantine I, Emperor of the West, and Licinius, Emperor of the East, in which Constantine defeated Licinius, took place at Chrysopolis.[3] When Constantine made Byzantium his capital, Chrysopolis, together with Chalcedon, became suburbs.[3] Chrysopolis remained important throughout the Byzantine period because all trade routes to Asia started there, and all Byzantine army units headed to Asia mustered there.[3] During the brief usurpation of the Armenian general Artabasdos, his eldest son, Niketas, was defeated with his forces at Chrysopolis by the army of Constantine V, before Artabasdos was finally deposed by the legitimate emperor Constantine and blinded. For this reason, and because of its location across from Constantinople, it was a natural target for anyone aiming at the capital.[3] Also, in the 8th century AD it was taken by a small band of Arabs, who caused considerable destruction and panic in Constantinople, before withdrawing.[3] In 988, a rebellion that nearly toppled Basil II began in Chrysopolis, before he was able to crush with the aid of Russian mercenaries.[3]

Skoutarion, Scutari

 
Under the Ottomans, Scutari was a large neighborhood with many cemeteries, across the water from Constantinople (map by Joseph von Scheda, 1860–70).

In the 12th century, the city changed its name to Skoutarion (Greek: Σκουτάριον), the name deriving from the Emperor's Skoutarion Palace nearby.[3] In 1338 the Ottoman leader Orhan Gazi took Skoutarion, giving the Ottomans a base within sight of Constantinople for the first time.[3] In the Ottoman period Üsküdar was one of the three communities outside the city walls of Constantinople (along with Eyüp and Galata). The area was a major burial ground, and today many large cemeteries remain, including Karacaahmet Mezarlığı, Bülbülderesi Mezarlığı, and a number of Jewish and Christian cemeteries. Karacaahmet Mezarlığı is one of Istanbul's largest cemeteries. The Bülbülderesi cemetery is next to Fevziye Hatun mosque.[6] The neighborhood suffered during the ethnic-religious violence of the 6 September 1955, Istanbul pogrom. Turkish rioters looted Greek and Armenian Christian shops and many Greeks and Armenians subsequently fled the country.[7][8][9]

Üsküdar today

 
The waterfront of Üsküdar as seen from Maiden Tower

The district of Üsküdar is one of Istanbul's oldest-established residential areas. It is directly opposite the old city of Eminönü and transport across the Bosphorus is easy by boat or bridge. So there are well-established communities here, many retired people, and many residents commute to the European side for work or school (being cheap and central Üsküdar has a large student population). During the rush-hour, the waterfront is bustling with people running from ferryboats and motorboats onto buses and minibuses. Üsküdar also has the smell of the sea, the sound of foghorns, motorboats and seagulls and one of the best views of the city.

As of 2006, the central square is being dug up for a tunnel under the Bosphorus which will carry an underground railway. However, this is predictably continuously running into artifacts of great archaeological value. The area behind the ferry dock is a busy shopping district, with many restaurants (including the well-known Kanaat Lokantası serving Ottoman cuisine, olive oil-based dishes, and ice cream) and a number of important Ottoman mosques (see section below). However, there are relatively few cafes, cinemas, billiard halls, and places for youth to congregate.[citation needed] The private Üsküdar University, founded by the Human Values and Mental Health Foundation, has a campus here. Uskudar has two public libraries: Şemsi Pasha Mosque Public Library (built in 1953) and Selimiye Public Library.

Neighborhoods

 
Sultan Ahmet III Fountain in Üsküdar square

Üsküdar is a municipality within borders of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (büyükşehir). The municipality is subdivided into neighborhoods (mahalleler). The boundaries and names of the official neighborhoods change from time to time and sometimes do not correspond to historically recognized neighborhoods or to residents' own perceptions. The most prominent neighborhood is Üsküdar's historic center (merkez), centered on the ferry docks and roughly corresponding to the current Mimar Sinan neighborhood (former Selmanağa, Tembel Hacı Mehmet, and İnkılap neighborhoods). This area includes large historic mosques, many businesses and markets, and is a transportation hub. Other prominent neighborhoods include the former villages on the Bosphorus to the north of the historic center, Kuzguncuk, Beylerbeyi, Çengelköy, Kuleli, Vaniköy (now part of Kandilli), and Kandilli; the neighborhoods along the Bosphorus shore south of the historic center, Salacak, Harem (now part of Aziz Mahmud Hudayı), and Selimiye; and the mostly residential neighborhoods on the hilltops and hillsides, Doğancılar (now mostly part of Aziz Mahmud Hudayı), İmrahor (now part of Salacak), Selamsız (now part of Selamiali), Bağlarbaşı (now part of Altunizade), Altunizade, Acıbadem, Küçük Çamlıca, and Büyük Çamlıca (mostly in Kısıklı, Burhaniye, and Ferah).

Salacak

 
Selimiye Barracks, located in the Üsküdar district
 
Kuleli Military High School view from the water at night

Üsküdar's long promenade along the coast from the center down in southern direction towards the bus station at Harem is popular in summer as it commands views of the European shore of Topkapı Palace, Hagia Sophia, Sultan Ahmed Mosque (The Blue Mosque), Taksim and Beşiktaş. This promenade is lined with cafes and restaurants, the most prominent of which is not on the coast but out in the water: the Maiden's Tower (Kız Kulesi), a small tower just off the coast that has existed since Byzantine times, when it was called Leander's Tower. From time to time it has been used as a toll booth; now it is used as an upscale restaurant and a venue for wedding parties. The name comes from a legend about a princess shut in the tower.[citation needed] On nice days people gather on the shore to fish, sit and drink tea or to enjoy being out on the water in little rowing boats. The Ayazma Mosque (1760) stands on the shore opposite the tower. The streets of Salacak behind the coast, in the area called Imrahor, are attractive and still hold a number of classic Ottoman wooden houses. The legendary 17th-century Hezarfen Ahmet Çelebi is said to have landed here on his hang-glider flight across the Bosphorus.[10] Further down along the coast is the Harem neighborhood, which contains a major intercity bus terminal and the Selimiye Barracks, where Florence Nightingale once tended wounded British soldiers.[11] Behind the coast, towards the east, Üsküdar climbs steeply into the residential areas uphill, Bağlarbaşı and Doğancılar.

Doğancılar

A pleasant neighborhood on the hill above Salacak, with plenty of trees between the buildings and a small park. There is a wide avenue winding uphill from Üsküdar, which has plenty of shops and cafes, and also a theater (the Musahipzade Celal Sahnesi), the fire station, the former women's prison (Paşakapısı Prison), Burhan Felek High School and Doğancılar mosque (opposite the park).

Bağlarbaşı and Altunizade

 
Üsküdar American Academy Bowker Hall
 
Interior of Altunizade Mosque

Formerly orchards and fruit-gardens (bağ), it became a residential neighborhood in the 19th century, home to the typical Istanbul urban mix of Greeks, Jews, Turks, and Armenians.[citation needed] The neighborhood still has an Armenian school and the Armenian church of Surp Garabed, built in 1844. Until the 1990s the area remained a middle-class residential neighborhood,[citation needed] and today is still an attractive district with a mixture of housing and office/commercial property. A number of properties have been converted to office and business use. Altunizade is still an attractive residential neighborhood, home to the large and busy Capitol shopping and entertainment center. Altunizade was established in the early 19th century by Altunizade İsmail Zühtü Pasha. He also commissioned Altunizade Mosque, which was built in 1866. There are a number of well-known schools within the district including Üsküdar American Academy, one of the oldest established schools in the city, Üsküdar High School, a state school, Haydarpasha High School, Marmara University's faculty of theology; and Burhan Felek sports complex.

Selamsız

 
A wooden house in Selamsız

Selamsız is an old residential neighborhood, home to a Roma community and Roma culture.[citation needed]

Acıbadem

The top half of the attractive district Acıbadem also belongs to Üsküdar, including Acıbadem and Academic hospitals. This avenue with its patisseries, ice-cream parlors and cafés, is the center one of the most pleasant neighborhoods of Istanbul,[citation needed] consisting of tree-lined streets and well-planned housing areas, as well as Çamlıca Girls’ High School set in a tree-lined garden.[citation needed]

Paşalimanı

Just past Üsküdar the coastline is called Paşalimanı. Liman means "port" in Turkish (from Greek limàni, λιμάνι) and boats would moor here. A large stone building on the shore, built as a tobacco warehouse by late-Ottoman architect Vedat Tek, has been completely renovated and now serves as headquarters of Ciner Grubu (Ciner Group), an industrial conglomerate. There is a small area of parkland right on the shore and the entrance to the large Fetih Paşa Korusu park is here.

Kuzguncuk

 
Kuzguncuk streets

A Bosphorus village of streets with little shops, seaside cafes, and many old-fashioned wooden houses, Kuzguncuk has a village atmosphere. There is a ferry dock and a little park on the waterfront. The village was called Kosinitsa in the Byzantine period and until recently the people of Kuzguncuk were the typical Istanbul cosmopolitan mixture of Turks, Greeks, Jews, and Armenians.[citation needed] There are very few non-Muslims left today and the area has become an attractive middle-class neighborhood, home to people like film director Uğur Yücel, sculptor Kuzgun Acar, painter Acar Başkut (whose studio is in the village), architects Nevzat Sayin and Cengiz Bektaş, and the late poet Can Yücel. The neighborhood is also portrayed in the novel Mediterranean Waltz (Kumral Ada Mavi Tuna) by Buket Uzuner.

Beylerbeyi

 
Beylerbeyi Harbor with the Bosphorus Bridge in the background

Just beyond the Bosphorus Bridge is Beylerbeyi, an area known in Istanbul for its fish restaurants, and for the Beylerbeyi Palace on the shore. Abdülhamit II of Ottoman Empire died for here in 1918.

Çengelköy

Formerly a waterfront village, known for the cucumbers grown in gardens on the green hillsides behind. There are a number of very grand seaside villas (yalı). The village has a number of shops, bakeries and waterfront cafes offering gorgeous views of the Bosphorus that tend to be busy, especially at weekends. Since the mid-1990s new housing estates have been built on the hillsides and now there are always queues of traffic through Çengelköy. But the village retains some of its romantic charm. The word çengel means "hook" or "anchor" in Turkish, and köy means "village"; apparently there were blacksmiths or metalworkers in the village in Ottoman times.[citation needed] The highly prestigious Kuleli Military High School is on the Bosphorus just beyond Çengelköy. Most graduates from here go on to military academy and careers as army officers.

Çamlıca

This hill, known as Tchamlidja in 19th-century spelling, has the highest point in Istanbul and commands a panoramic view of the entire city. One of the most prestiged schools of Turkey, Bilfen College is located on the Çamlıca hill.

Climate

Üsküdar experiences a humid subtropical climate (Cfa/Cf) according to both Köppen and Trewartha climate classifications, with cool winters and warm to hot summers. Unlike most of southern Istanbul, Üsküdar is cooler than its surroundings, with an average temperature slightly below 14 °C (57 °F), and an AHS heat zone rating of 3.[12] However, its coastal location still does allow it to be classified as USDA hardiness zone 9a.[12]

Climate data for Kandilli, Istanbul
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 7.9
(46.2)
8.0
(46.4)
10.4
(50.7)
15.5
(59.9)
20.2
(68.4)
24.9
(76.8)
27.1
(80.8)
27.0
(80.6)
23.8
(74.8)
19.0
(66.2)
14.6
(58.3)
10.5
(50.9)
17.4
(63.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.2
(41.4)
5.1
(41.2)
7.0
(44.6)
11.3
(52.3)
15.8
(60.4)
20.2
(68.4)
22.7
(72.9)
22.8
(73.0)
19.6
(67.3)
15.4
(59.7)
11.3
(52.3)
7.8
(46.0)
13.7
(56.6)
Average low °C (°F) 2.4
(36.3)
2.2
(36.0)
3.5
(38.3)
7.1
(44.8)
11.3
(52.3)
15.4
(59.7)
18.2
(64.8)
18.5
(65.3)
15.3
(59.5)
11.7
(53.1)
8.0
(46.4)
5.0
(41.0)
9.9
(49.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 103
(4.1)
83
(3.3)
69
(2.7)
45
(1.8)
37
(1.5)
36
(1.4)
32
(1.3)
39
(1.5)
69
(2.7)
96
(3.8)
101
(4.0)
128
(5.0)
838
(33.1)
Source: [13][14]

Sights of Üsküdar

 
Yeni Valide Camii, the "New Mosque" of the mother sultan

Though densely populated, Üsküdar has many areas of greenery, including the Çamlıca hills, the Bosphorus coastline, and various parks. In addition, the area has a high concentration of historic buildings and religious sites.

Parks

Fethi Paşa Korusu is a large park on the hillside that extends down to the Bosphorus shore, slightly beyond Üsküdar in the area called Paşalimanı. It is named after Fetih Ahmet Paşa an Ottoman prince who among other things was responsible for industrializing the glassworks of Ottoman Turkey, and had a home in the area. The parkland is in fact privately owned and let to the state on condition that it is preserved as a park. The owners are the estate of Turkish industrialist Nuri Demirağ. There is a café in the park, a stone waterfall which children climb on and a small stage area where on Friday evenings in summer a band of amateur musicians give open-air concerts at sunset. At weekends the young lovers of Üsküdar gather here to stroll and cuddle in the shade.[15]

Mosques

Üsküdar is home to over 180 mosques,[16] many of them historic Ottoman buildings, many built for women of the imperial harem, and many built by the architect Mimar Sinan. Among the first things one sees on arriving by ferry are two mosques near the ferry terminal, both of them designed by Sinan. The larger one is the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque, sometimes called the İskele (Dock) Mosque, built by a daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent; the smaller one is the Şemsi Pasha Mosque, built by a vizier of Suleiman's. Şemsi Pasha has a small library building in the courtyard. Opposite the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque is the large Yeni Valide Mosque, commissioned by Ahmet III's mother. Uphill from the dock in the Valideiatik neighborhood is the Atik Valide Mosque, built by Murat III's mother and also designed by Sinan. Further uphill from there is the smaller Çinili (Tiled) Mosque. In Karacaahmet Cemetery is the large Şakirin Mosque, built in 2009. The Namazgâh Mosque (built in 1860) in the eastern part of Üsküdar, close to the border with Ümraniye, is one of the few historical wooden mosques in Istanbul. Other important mosques of Üsküdar include Ahmediye, Ahmet Ağa, Ahmet Çelebi, Altunizade, Ayazma, Aziz Mahmut Hudai, Baki Efendi, Beylerbeyi, Bodrumi Ömer Lütfi Efendi, Bostancı, Bulgurlu, Çakırcıbaşı, Fatih, Gülfem Hatun, Hacı Ömer, İmrahor, İranlılar, İstavroz, Kandilli, Kara Davut Pasha, Kaymak Mustafa Pasha, Kısıklı, Küleli Bahçe, Malatyalı İsmail Ağa, Mirzazade, Paşalimanı, Rum Mehmet Pasha, Selimiye, Solak Sinan, Tahır Efendi, Üryanizade, and Vanikoy.

Churches

 
The Surp Krikor Lusavoriç (St Gregory the Illuminator) Armenian Church

Churches of Üsküdar include the İlya Profiti (Prophet Elijah) Greek Orthodox Church in Muratreis (present building built in 1831), the Kandilli Khristos Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi (built in 1810), the Surp Garabet (Saint John the Baptist) Armenian Church in Murat Reis (first church on the site, 1590; present building built 1888), the Surp Haç (Holy Cross) Armenian Church in Selami Ali (built 1676, rebuilt 1880), the Surp Krikor Lusavoriç (Saint Gregory the Illuminator) Armenian Church in Kuzguncuk (first built 1835, rebuilt 1861), and the Surp Yergodasan Arakelots (Twelve Apostoles) Armenian Church in Kandilli (built 1846).[17][18]

Synagogues

Synagogues of Üsküdar include Bet Yaakov (built 1878) and Bet Nissim (built in the 1840s).[19]

Other religious buildings

Important tekkes (dervish lodges) include the Aziz Mahmud Hudayi (1541–1628), who is buried in the neighbourhood named after him and is the founder of the Jelveti Sufi order;[20] the Nasuhi Efendi, who is the founder of the Nasuhiyye Khalwati Sufi order[21] and the grandfather of the Turkish-American music producer Ahmet Ertegun; and the famous Özbekler Tekkesi,[22] where the Ertegun family members are buried. Important tombs in Üsküdar include those of Aziz Mahmud Hudayi, Hacı Ahmet Pasha, Halil Pasha, İbrahim Edhem Pasha, Karaca Ahmet, and Rum Mehmet Pasha. Karacaahmet Cemetery, the largest cemetery in Istanbul and one of the oldest, has many notable burials. It runs between Üsküdar and Kadıköy.

Çeşmes and sebils

 
Beylerbeyi Palace from Bosporus

Other notable Ottoman features to be seen in Üsküdar are the many çeşmes (drinking water sources) and sebils (kiosks for distribution of drinks). One of the largest and most visible çeşmes is the fountain of Ahmet III (1728–29), an impressive marble structure in the center of Üsküdar near the ferry docks. Other important çeşmes of Üsküdar include Gülnuş Emetullah Valide Sultan (1709, next to the Yeni Valide Mosque), Hüseyin Avni Pasha (1874, Paşalimanı), Mustafa III (1760, next to the Ayazma Mosque), and Selim III (1802, in Çiçekçi, Harem İskelesi Street).[23] Important sebils of Üsküdar include those of Hacı Hüseyin Pasha (1865, near the Karacaahmet Cemetery), Halil Pasha (1617, attached to Halil Pasha's tomb), Hudayi (first built in the 1590s but later much remodeled, near Aziz Mahmud Hudayi's tomb), Sadettin Efendi (1741, near the tomb of Karacaahmet Cemetery), Şeyhülislam Arif Hikmet Bey (1858, near the Kartal Baba Mosque), Valide Çinili (1640, next to the Çinili Mosque), Valide-i Cedid (1709, next to the Yeni Valide Mosque), and Ziya Bey (1866, near the tomb of Karacaahmet).[24]

Museums and palaces

The Florence Nightingale Museum inside the Selimiye Barracks in Selimiye displays items associated with Nightingale and her medical work in Istanbul during the Crimean War.[25] Beylerbeyi Palace in Beylerbeyi was built for Sultan Abdulaziz in the 1860s, and used as the last place Sultan Abdul Hamid II was held under house arrest by the Revolutionaries.

Education

Twin municipalities

Notable residents

References

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  2. ^ Mosque and Street, Scutari, Constantinople, Turkey. World Digital Library. 1890–1900. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Taylor, Jane (13 October 1998). Imperial Istanbul: A Traveler's Guide. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781860642494. Retrieved 16 May 2018 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ a b William Smith.Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography — "Chryso'polis" 1854.
  5. ^ François Sabbathier (1772). Dictionnaire pour l'intelligence des auteurs classiques, grecs et latins: tants sacrés que profanes, contenant la géographie, l'histoire, la fable, et les antiquités. Vol. 11. p. 135.
  6. ^ Soner Yalçın. Efendi.
  7. ^ Vryonis, Speros (1 January 2005). The Mechanism of Catastrophe: The Turkish Pogrom of September 6–7, 1955, and the Destruction of the Greek Community of Istanbul. Greekworks.com. greekworks.com. ISBN 978-0-9747660-3-4. Retrieved 16 May 2018 – via Internet Archive.
  8. ^ Mills, Amy (2010). Streets of Memory: Landscape, Tolerance, and National Identity in Istanbul. The University of Georgia Press. ISBN 9780820335735.
  9. ^ Pamuk, Orhan (2005). Istanbul: Memories and the City. Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 9781524732233.
  10. ^ Çelebi, Evliya (2003). Seyahatname. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, p. 318.
  11. ^ Cypresses and Road Leading to the Cemetery, Scutari, Constantinople, Turkey. World Digital Library. 1890–1900. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
  12. ^ a b "Bitki Soğuğa ve Sıcağa Dayanıklılık". www.mgm.gov.tr. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  13. ^ "Üsküdar - Weather History & Climate Data - Meteostat". meteostat.net. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  14. ^ Toros, Hüseyin; Abbasnia, Mohsen; Sagdic, Mustafa; Tayanç, Mete (19 November 2017). "Long-Term Variations of Temperature and Precipitation in the Megacity of Istanbul for the Development of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change". Advances in Meteorology. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  15. ^ Uskudara Gideriken instrumental Rabab Music of Turkish Song, retrieved 12 June 2020{{citation}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)[dead YouTube link]
  16. ^ . Archived from the original on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
  17. ^ Üsküdar Belediyesi. Kiliseler. . Archived from the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2009. Retrieved 14 August 2009
  18. ^ Tuğlacı, pages 121–129, 169–171, 194.
  19. ^ "Alan Adına Ait Varsayılan Sayfa". Musevicemaati.com. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  20. ^ "AZİZ MAHMUD HÜDÂYÎ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". islamansiklopedisi.org.tr. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  21. ^ "NASÛHÎ TEKKESİ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". islamansiklopedisi.org.tr. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  22. ^ "ÖZBEKLER TEKKESİ - TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi". islamansiklopedisi.org.tr. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  23. ^ . Archived from the original on 28 February 2007. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
  24. ^ . Archived from the original on 30 August 2009. Retrieved 10 August 2009.
  25. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Scutari" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 518.
  26. ^ "Contact Us". Tarabya British Schools. Retrieved 9 July 2019.
  27. ^ Komuna e Sarajit binjakëzim me komunën turke Uskudar 4 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine, INA, 1 June 2012 (in Albanian)
  28. ^ "Brooklyn-Üsküdar: Istanbul and New York's iconic districts join forces". Dailysabah.com. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  29. ^ "友好都市との交流" (in Japanese). 渋谷区. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  30. ^ Kurian, George Thomas (2010). The Encyclopedia of Christian Literature. Scarecrow Press. p. 454. ISBN 978-0-8108-6987-5.
  31. ^ Whitby, Michael (1988). The Emperor Maurice and his Historian – Theophylact Simocatta on Persian and Balkan Warfare. Oxford University Press. p. 129. ISBN 0-19-822945-3.
  32. ^ Bischoff, Bernhard (1994). Biblical commentaries from the Canterbury school of Theodore and Hadrian. Cambridge University Press. p. 59. ISBN 0-521-33089-0.
  33. ^ Bathrellos, Demetrios (2004). The Byzantine Christ: person, nature, and will in the Christology of Saint Maximus the Confessor. Oxford University Press. p. 65. ISBN 0-19-925864-3.
  34. ^ Skylitzes, John (2010). A Synopsis of Byzantine History, 811-1057. Cambridge University Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-521-76705-7.

Üsküdar Municipality mayors

  • 1984–1989: Necmettin Öztürk, ANAP
  • 1989–1994: Niyazi Yurtseven, SHP
  • 1994–1998: Yılmaz Bayat, Refah Party
  • 1998–2001: Yılmaz Bayat, FP
  • 2001–2004: Yılmaz Bayat, SP
  • 2004–2009: Mehmet Çakır (politician), AK Party
  • 2009–2014: Mustafa Kara, AK Party
  • 2014–current: Mehmet Hilmi Türkmen, AK Party

Bibliography

  • Adım Adım İstanbul İnanç Atlası: Camiler, Türbeler, Ziyaret Yerleri, Mezarlıklar. Mapmedya. 2004. ISBN 975-6206-02-0.
  • Hürel, Haldun (2008). Semtleri, Mahalleri, Caddeleri ve Sokakları A'dan Z'ye İstanbul'un Alfabetik Öyküsü. İkarus. ISBN 978-975-999-290-3.
  • Kumbaracılar, İzzet (2008). İstanbul Sebilleri. Kapı. ISBN 978-9944-486-87-3. (First published 1938)
  • Tuğlacı, Pars (1991). İstanbul Ermeni Kiliseleri = Armenian Churches of Istanbul = Istʻanpuli Hayotsʻ ekeghetsʻinerě. Pars. ISBN 975-7423-00-9.

Coordinates: 41°01′N 29°02′E / 41.017°N 29.033°E / 41.017; 29.033

üsküdar, this, article, about, district, istanbul, ferry, ghost, town, chrysopolis, california, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challeng. This article is about the district of Istanbul For the ferry see SS Uskudar For the ghost town see Chrysopolis California This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Uskudar news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2007 Learn how and when to remove this template message Uskudar Turkish pronunciation ysˈcydaɾ is a large and densely populated district of Istanbul Turkey on the Anatolian Asian shore of the Bosphorus It is bordered to the north by Beykoz to the east by Umraniye to the southeast by Atasehir and to the south by Kadikoy with Karakoy Kabatas Besiktas and the historic city center of Fatih facing it on the opposite shore to the west Uskudar has been a conservative cultural center of the Anatolian side of Istanbul since Ottoman times with its numerous historic landmark and little mosques and dergahs It is home to about half a million people Uskudar Uskudar BelediyesiMunicipality of UskudarMaiden s Tower Kiz Kulesi off the coast of Uskudar in IstanbulUskudarCoordinates Municipal Building 41 1 26 36 N 29 0 59 48 E 41 0239889 N 29 0165222 E 41 0239889 29 0165222CountryTurkeyProvinceIstanbul ProvinceMade a municipality of Istanbul1984NeighborhoodsList AcibademAhmediyeAltunizadeAziz Mahmud HudayiBahcelievlerBarbarosBeylerbeyiBulgurluBurhaniyeCengelkoyCumhuriyetFerahGuzeltepeIcadiyeKandilliKirazlitepeKisikliCamlicaKucuksuKuleli KupluceKuzguncukMehmet Akif ErsoyMimar SinanMurat ReisSalacakSelamialiSelimiyeSultantepeUnalanValidei AtikVanikoyYavuzturkZeynep KamilGovernment MayorHilmi Turkmen AK Party Area 1 District46 41 km2 17 92 sq mi Population 2022 1 District524 452 District density11 km2 29 sq mi Websiteuskudar wbr bel wbr trUskudar is a major transport hub with ferries to Eminonu Karakoy Kabatas Besiktas and some of the Bosphorus suburbs Uskudar is a stop on the Marmaray rail service at the point where it starts its journey under the Bosphorus re emerging on the European side at Sirkeci Via Marmaray Uskudar is linked to Gebze on the Asian side of the city and Halkali on the European side Uskudar is also a stop on the M5 Metro line to Cekmekoy Buses run along the Bosphorus shore all the way up north to Anadaolu Kavagi in Beykoz district A bus service also operates to the summer town of Sile on the Black Sea Uskudar started as Chrysopolis Greek Xrysopolis Golden City and later became known as Scutari Skoutarion Skoytarion in Greek a name it retained until the founding of the Turkish Republic Scutari was also used for the Albanian city Shkoder which has a different etymology Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2 1 Chrysopolis 2 2 Skoutarion Scutari 2 3 Uskudar today 3 Neighborhoods 3 1 Salacak 3 2 Dogancilar 3 3 Baglarbasi and Altunizade 3 4 Selamsiz 3 5 Acibadem 3 6 Pasalimani 3 7 Kuzguncuk 3 8 Beylerbeyi 3 9 Cengelkoy 3 10 Camlica 4 Climate 5 Sights of Uskudar 5 1 Parks 5 2 Mosques 5 3 Churches 5 4 Synagogues 5 5 Other religious buildings 5 6 Cesme s and sebil s 5 7 Museums and palaces 6 Education 7 Twin municipalities 8 Notable residents 9 References 10 Uskudar Municipality mayors 11 BibliographyEtymology EditUskudar was originally called Skoutarion Byzantine Greek Skoytarion during the Byzantine Empire This may commemorate the leather scutum shields used by guards since the word scutari means raw tanned leather Invading Persians Slavic tribes Arabs and Crusaders called the city Eksudar or Escutaire 2 History EditChrysopolis Edit Uskudar was founded in the 7th century BC by ancient Greek colonists from Megara a few decades before Byzantium was founded on the opposite shore 3 It was originally called Chrysopolis Greek Xrysopolis Golden City According to an ancient Greek geographer the city received the name Chrysopolis because the Persian empire had a gold depository there or because it was associated with Agamemnon and Chryseis son Chryses 4 On the other hand according to an 18th century writer it received the name because of the excellence of its harbor 5 The city was used as a harbor and shipyard and was an important staging post in the wars between the Greeks and Persians In 410 BC Chrysopolis was taken by the Athenian general Alcibiades and the Athenians used it thenceforth to charge a toll on ships coming from and going to the Black Sea 4 Long overshadowed by its neighbor Chalcedon during the Hellenistic and Roman period it maintained its identity and increased its prosperity until it surpassed Chalcedon 3 Due to its less favorable location with respect to the currents of the Bosporus however it never surpassed Byzantium 3 In AD 324 the final battle between Constantine I Emperor of the West and Licinius Emperor of the East in which Constantine defeated Licinius took place at Chrysopolis 3 When Constantine made Byzantium his capital Chrysopolis together with Chalcedon became suburbs 3 Chrysopolis remained important throughout the Byzantine period because all trade routes to Asia started there and all Byzantine army units headed to Asia mustered there 3 During the brief usurpation of the Armenian general Artabasdos his eldest son Niketas was defeated with his forces at Chrysopolis by the army of Constantine V before Artabasdos was finally deposed by the legitimate emperor Constantine and blinded For this reason and because of its location across from Constantinople it was a natural target for anyone aiming at the capital 3 Also in the 8th century AD it was taken by a small band of Arabs who caused considerable destruction and panic in Constantinople before withdrawing 3 In 988 a rebellion that nearly toppled Basil II began in Chrysopolis before he was able to crush with the aid of Russian mercenaries 3 Skoutarion Scutari Edit Under the Ottomans Scutari was a large neighborhood with many cemeteries across the water from Constantinople map by Joseph von Scheda 1860 70 In the 12th century the city changed its name to Skoutarion Greek Skoytarion the name deriving from the Emperor s Skoutarion Palace nearby 3 In 1338 the Ottoman leader Orhan Gazi took Skoutarion giving the Ottomans a base within sight of Constantinople for the first time 3 In the Ottoman period Uskudar was one of the three communities outside the city walls of Constantinople along with Eyup and Galata The area was a major burial ground and today many large cemeteries remain including Karacaahmet Mezarligi Bulbulderesi Mezarligi and a number of Jewish and Christian cemeteries Karacaahmet Mezarligi is one of Istanbul s largest cemeteries The Bulbulderesi cemetery is next to Fevziye Hatun mosque 6 The neighborhood suffered during the ethnic religious violence of the 6 September 1955 Istanbul pogrom Turkish rioters looted Greek and Armenian Christian shops and many Greeks and Armenians subsequently fled the country 7 8 9 Uskudar today Edit This section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information January 2019 The waterfront of Uskudar as seen from Maiden Tower The district of Uskudar is one of Istanbul s oldest established residential areas It is directly opposite the old city of Eminonu and transport across the Bosphorus is easy by boat or bridge So there are well established communities here many retired people and many residents commute to the European side for work or school being cheap and central Uskudar has a large student population During the rush hour the waterfront is bustling with people running from ferryboats and motorboats onto buses and minibuses Uskudar also has the smell of the sea the sound of foghorns motorboats and seagulls and one of the best views of the city Mihrimah Sultan Iskele Mosque in Uskudar As of 2006 update the central square is being dug up for a tunnel under the Bosphorus which will carry an underground railway However this is predictably continuously running into artifacts of great archaeological value The area behind the ferry dock is a busy shopping district with many restaurants including the well known Kanaat Lokantasi serving Ottoman cuisine olive oil based dishes and ice cream and a number of important Ottoman mosques see section below However there are relatively few cafes cinemas billiard halls and places for youth to congregate citation needed The private Uskudar University founded by the Human Values and Mental Health Foundation has a campus here Uskudar has two public libraries Semsi Pasha Mosque Public Library built in 1953 and Selimiye Public Library Neighborhoods Edit Sultan Ahmet III Fountain in Uskudar square Uskudar is a municipality within borders of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality buyuksehir The municipality is subdivided into neighborhoods mahalleler The boundaries and names of the official neighborhoods change from time to time and sometimes do not correspond to historically recognized neighborhoods or to residents own perceptions The most prominent neighborhood is Uskudar s historic center merkez centered on the ferry docks and roughly corresponding to the current Mimar Sinan neighborhood former Selmanaga Tembel Haci Mehmet and Inkilap neighborhoods This area includes large historic mosques many businesses and markets and is a transportation hub Other prominent neighborhoods include the former villages on the Bosphorus to the north of the historic center Kuzguncuk Beylerbeyi Cengelkoy Kuleli Vanikoy now part of Kandilli and Kandilli the neighborhoods along the Bosphorus shore south of the historic center Salacak Harem now part of Aziz Mahmud Hudayi and Selimiye and the mostly residential neighborhoods on the hilltops and hillsides Dogancilar now mostly part of Aziz Mahmud Hudayi Imrahor now part of Salacak Selamsiz now part of Selamiali Baglarbasi now part of Altunizade Altunizade Acibadem Kucuk Camlica and Buyuk Camlica mostly in Kisikli Burhaniye and Ferah Salacak Edit Selimiye Barracks located in the Uskudar district Kuleli Military High School view from the water at night Uskudar s long promenade along the coast from the center down in southern direction towards the bus station at Harem is popular in summer as it commands views of the European shore of Topkapi Palace Hagia Sophia Sultan Ahmed Mosque The Blue Mosque Taksim and Besiktas This promenade is lined with cafes and restaurants the most prominent of which is not on the coast but out in the water the Maiden s Tower Kiz Kulesi a small tower just off the coast that has existed since Byzantine times when it was called Leander s Tower From time to time it has been used as a toll booth now it is used as an upscale restaurant and a venue for wedding parties The name comes from a legend about a princess shut in the tower citation needed On nice days people gather on the shore to fish sit and drink tea or to enjoy being out on the water in little rowing boats The Ayazma Mosque 1760 stands on the shore opposite the tower The streets of Salacak behind the coast in the area called Imrahor are attractive and still hold a number of classic Ottoman wooden houses The legendary 17th century Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi is said to have landed here on his hang glider flight across the Bosphorus 10 Further down along the coast is the Harem neighborhood which contains a major intercity bus terminal and the Selimiye Barracks where Florence Nightingale once tended wounded British soldiers 11 Behind the coast towards the east Uskudar climbs steeply into the residential areas uphill Baglarbasi and Dogancilar Dogancilar Edit A pleasant neighborhood on the hill above Salacak with plenty of trees between the buildings and a small park There is a wide avenue winding uphill from Uskudar which has plenty of shops and cafes and also a theater the Musahipzade Celal Sahnesi the fire station the former women s prison Pasakapisi Prison Burhan Felek High School and Dogancilar mosque opposite the park Baglarbasi and Altunizade Edit Uskudar American Academy Bowker Hall Interior of Altunizade Mosque Formerly orchards and fruit gardens bag it became a residential neighborhood in the 19th century home to the typical Istanbul urban mix of Greeks Jews Turks and Armenians citation needed The neighborhood still has an Armenian school and the Armenian church of Surp Garabed built in 1844 Until the 1990s the area remained a middle class residential neighborhood citation needed and today is still an attractive district with a mixture of housing and office commercial property A number of properties have been converted to office and business use Altunizade is still an attractive residential neighborhood home to the large and busy Capitol shopping and entertainment center Altunizade was established in the early 19th century by Altunizade Ismail Zuhtu Pasha He also commissioned Altunizade Mosque which was built in 1866 There are a number of well known schools within the district including Uskudar American Academy one of the oldest established schools in the city Uskudar High School a state school Haydarpasha High School Marmara University s faculty of theology and Burhan Felek sports complex Selamsiz Edit A wooden house in Selamsiz Selamsiz is an old residential neighborhood home to a Roma community and Roma culture citation needed Acibadem Edit The top half of the attractive district Acibadem also belongs to Uskudar including Acibadem and Academic hospitals This avenue with its patisseries ice cream parlors and cafes is the center one of the most pleasant neighborhoods of Istanbul citation needed consisting of tree lined streets and well planned housing areas as well as Camlica Girls High School set in a tree lined garden citation needed Pasalimani Edit Just past Uskudar the coastline is called Pasalimani Liman means port in Turkish from Greek limani limani and boats would moor here A large stone building on the shore built as a tobacco warehouse by late Ottoman architect Vedat Tek has been completely renovated and now serves as headquarters of Ciner Grubu Ciner Group an industrial conglomerate There is a small area of parkland right on the shore and the entrance to the large Fetih Pasa Korusu park is here Kuzguncuk Edit Kuzguncuk streets A Bosphorus village of streets with little shops seaside cafes and many old fashioned wooden houses Kuzguncuk has a village atmosphere There is a ferry dock and a little park on the waterfront The village was called Kosinitsa in the Byzantine period and until recently the people of Kuzguncuk were the typical Istanbul cosmopolitan mixture of Turks Greeks Jews and Armenians citation needed There are very few non Muslims left today and the area has become an attractive middle class neighborhood home to people like film director Ugur Yucel sculptor Kuzgun Acar painter Acar Baskut whose studio is in the village architects Nevzat Sayin and Cengiz Bektas and the late poet Can Yucel The neighborhood is also portrayed in the novel Mediterranean Waltz Kumral Ada Mavi Tuna by Buket Uzuner Beylerbeyi Edit Beylerbeyi Harbor with the Bosphorus Bridge in the background Just beyond the Bosphorus Bridge is Beylerbeyi an area known in Istanbul for its fish restaurants and for the Beylerbeyi Palace on the shore Abdulhamit II of Ottoman Empire died for here in 1918 Cengelkoy Edit Formerly a waterfront village known for the cucumbers grown in gardens on the green hillsides behind There are a number of very grand seaside villas yali The village has a number of shops bakeries and waterfront cafes offering gorgeous views of the Bosphorus that tend to be busy especially at weekends Since the mid 1990s new housing estates have been built on the hillsides and now there are always queues of traffic through Cengelkoy But the village retains some of its romantic charm The word cengel means hook or anchor in Turkish and koy means village apparently there were blacksmiths or metalworkers in the village in Ottoman times citation needed The highly prestigious Kuleli Military High School is on the Bosphorus just beyond Cengelkoy Most graduates from here go on to military academy and careers as army officers Camlica Edit This hill known as Tchamlidja in 19th century spelling has the highest point in Istanbul and commands a panoramic view of the entire city One of the most prestiged schools of Turkey Bilfen College is located on the Camlica hill Climate EditUskudar experiences a humid subtropical climate Cfa Cf according to both Koppen and Trewartha climate classifications with cool winters and warm to hot summers Unlike most of southern Istanbul Uskudar is cooler than its surroundings with an average temperature slightly below 14 C 57 F and an AHS heat zone rating of 3 12 However its coastal location still does allow it to be classified as USDA hardiness zone 9a 12 Climate data for Kandilli IstanbulMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearAverage high C F 7 9 46 2 8 0 46 4 10 4 50 7 15 5 59 9 20 2 68 4 24 9 76 8 27 1 80 8 27 0 80 6 23 8 74 8 19 0 66 2 14 6 58 3 10 5 50 9 17 4 63 3 Daily mean C F 5 2 41 4 5 1 41 2 7 0 44 6 11 3 52 3 15 8 60 4 20 2 68 4 22 7 72 9 22 8 73 0 19 6 67 3 15 4 59 7 11 3 52 3 7 8 46 0 13 7 56 6 Average low C F 2 4 36 3 2 2 36 0 3 5 38 3 7 1 44 8 11 3 52 3 15 4 59 7 18 2 64 8 18 5 65 3 15 3 59 5 11 7 53 1 8 0 46 4 5 0 41 0 9 9 49 8 Average precipitation mm inches 103 4 1 83 3 3 69 2 7 45 1 8 37 1 5 36 1 4 32 1 3 39 1 5 69 2 7 96 3 8 101 4 0 128 5 0 838 33 1 Source 13 14 Sights of Uskudar Edit Yeni Valide Camii the New Mosque of the mother sultan Though densely populated Uskudar has many areas of greenery including the Camlica hills the Bosphorus coastline and various parks In addition the area has a high concentration of historic buildings and religious sites Parks Edit Fethi Pasa Korusu is a large park on the hillside that extends down to the Bosphorus shore slightly beyond Uskudar in the area called Pasalimani It is named after Fetih Ahmet Pasa an Ottoman prince who among other things was responsible for industrializing the glassworks of Ottoman Turkey and had a home in the area The parkland is in fact privately owned and let to the state on condition that it is preserved as a park The owners are the estate of Turkish industrialist Nuri Demirag There is a cafe in the park a stone waterfall which children climb on and a small stage area where on Friday evenings in summer a band of amateur musicians give open air concerts at sunset At weekends the young lovers of Uskudar gather here to stroll and cuddle in the shade 15 Mosques Edit Sakirin Mosque Uskudar is home to over 180 mosques 16 many of them historic Ottoman buildings many built for women of the imperial harem and many built by the architect Mimar Sinan Among the first things one sees on arriving by ferry are two mosques near the ferry terminal both of them designed by Sinan The larger one is the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque sometimes called the Iskele Dock Mosque built by a daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent the smaller one is the Semsi Pasha Mosque built by a vizier of Suleiman s Semsi Pasha has a small library building in the courtyard Opposite the Mihrimah Sultan Mosque is the large Yeni Valide Mosque commissioned by Ahmet III s mother Uphill from the dock in the Valideiatik neighborhood is the Atik Valide Mosque built by Murat III s mother and also designed by Sinan Further uphill from there is the smaller Cinili Tiled Mosque In Karacaahmet Cemetery is the large Sakirin Mosque built in 2009 The Namazgah Mosque built in 1860 in the eastern part of Uskudar close to the border with Umraniye is one of the few historical wooden mosques in Istanbul Other important mosques of Uskudar include Ahmediye Ahmet Aga Ahmet Celebi Altunizade Ayazma Aziz Mahmut Hudai Baki Efendi Beylerbeyi Bodrumi Omer Lutfi Efendi Bostanci Bulgurlu Cakircibasi Fatih Gulfem Hatun Haci Omer Imrahor Iranlilar Istavroz Kandilli Kara Davut Pasha Kaymak Mustafa Pasha Kisikli Kuleli Bahce Malatyali Ismail Aga Mirzazade Pasalimani Rum Mehmet Pasha Selimiye Solak Sinan Tahir Efendi Uryanizade and Vanikoy Churches Edit The Surp Krikor Lusavoric St Gregory the Illuminator Armenian Church Churches of Uskudar include the Ilya Profiti Prophet Elijah Greek Orthodox Church in Muratreis present building built in 1831 the Kandilli Khristos Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi built in 1810 the Surp Garabet Saint John the Baptist Armenian Church in Murat Reis first church on the site 1590 present building built 1888 the Surp Hac Holy Cross Armenian Church in Selami Ali built 1676 rebuilt 1880 the Surp Krikor Lusavoric Saint Gregory the Illuminator Armenian Church in Kuzguncuk first built 1835 rebuilt 1861 and the Surp Yergodasan Arakelots Twelve Apostoles Armenian Church in Kandilli built 1846 17 18 Synagogues Edit Synagogues of Uskudar include Bet Yaakov built 1878 and Bet Nissim built in the 1840s 19 Other religious buildings Edit Important tekkes dervish lodges include the Aziz Mahmud Hudayi 1541 1628 who is buried in the neighbourhood named after him and is the founder of the Jelveti Sufi order 20 the Nasuhi Efendi who is the founder of the Nasuhiyye Khalwati Sufi order 21 and the grandfather of the Turkish American music producer Ahmet Ertegun and the famous Ozbekler Tekkesi 22 where the Ertegun family members are buried Important tombs in Uskudar include those of Aziz Mahmud Hudayi Haci Ahmet Pasha Halil Pasha Ibrahim Edhem Pasha Karaca Ahmet and Rum Mehmet Pasha Karacaahmet Cemetery the largest cemetery in Istanbul and one of the oldest has many notable burials It runs between Uskudar and Kadikoy Cesme s and sebil s Edit Beylerbeyi Palace from Bosporus Other notable Ottoman features to be seen in Uskudar are the many cesmes drinking water sources and sebils kiosks for distribution of drinks One of the largest and most visible cesme s is the fountain of Ahmet III 1728 29 an impressive marble structure in the center of Uskudar near the ferry docks Other important cesme s of Uskudar include Gulnus Emetullah Valide Sultan 1709 next to the Yeni Valide Mosque Huseyin Avni Pasha 1874 Pasalimani Mustafa III 1760 next to the Ayazma Mosque and Selim III 1802 in Cicekci Harem Iskelesi Street 23 Important sebil s of Uskudar include those of Haci Huseyin Pasha 1865 near the Karacaahmet Cemetery Halil Pasha 1617 attached to Halil Pasha s tomb Hudayi first built in the 1590s but later much remodeled near Aziz Mahmud Hudayi s tomb Sadettin Efendi 1741 near the tomb of Karacaahmet Cemetery Seyhulislam Arif Hikmet Bey 1858 near the Kartal Baba Mosque Valide Cinili 1640 next to the Cinili Mosque Valide i Cedid 1709 next to the Yeni Valide Mosque and Ziya Bey 1866 near the tomb of Karacaahmet 24 Museums and palaces Edit Camlica TV and Radio Tower on Kucuk Camlica The Florence Nightingale Museum inside the Selimiye Barracks in Selimiye displays items associated with Nightingale and her medical work in Istanbul during the Crimean War 25 Beylerbeyi Palace in Beylerbeyi was built for Sultan Abdulaziz in the 1860s and used as the last place Sultan Abdul Hamid II was held under house arrest by the Revolutionaries Education EditUskudar American Academy formerly American Academy for Girls Tarabya British Schools has its Cengelkoy campus there 26 Uskudar University Istanbul Sehir UniversityTwin municipalities Edit Saraj Skopje 27 Brooklyn New York 28 Shibuya Tokyo 29 Notable residents EditRichard Guyon 1813 1856 British born Hungarian soldier general in the Hungarian revolutionary army Maximus the Confessor Byzantine monk theologian and scholar He entered a monastery in Chrysopolis in the early 7th century 30 Philippicus Byzantine general a monk in Chrysopolis between 602 610 buried in Chrysopolis 31 Sergius I of Constantinople Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 32 Patriarch Pyrrhus of Constantinople Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 33 Alexios Mosele Byzantine aristocrat and general 34 Michael III Byzantine emperor Florence Nightingale English nurse writer and statistician Mehmet Akif Ersoy Turkish poet of the Turkish national anthem Halide Edib Adivar Turkish novelist and feminist political leader Xenophon Sideridis Greek historian writer and researcher Seker Ahmed Pasha Turkish painter Mehmed Orhan Turkish aristocrat a pretender to the throne of the Ottoman Dynasty Munir Ertegun Turkish legal counsel in international law to the Ottoman Empire and diplomat of Turkey Ahmet Ertegun Turkish American musician and businessman Founder and president of Atlantic Records and New York Cosmos soccer team Nesuhi Ertegun Turkish American record producer and executive of Atlantic Records and WEA International Baris Manco Turkish rock singer composer and television producer Bulent Ersoy transgender Turkish celebrity and singer of Ottoman classical music Ozgu Namal Turkish actress Billur Kalkavan Zara Semahat Ozdenses 1913 2008 Turkish singer and composer of Ottoman classical music Hasan Celebi world renown master Islamic calligrapher Kadir Misiroglu 1933 2019 conservative writer and amateur historian Zabel Sibil Asadour Armenian poet and writer Calouste Gulbenkian Armenian businessman and philanthropist once the richest man in the world Garabet Yazmaciyan Armenian painter Onnik Chifte Saraf Armenian writer Gabriel Noradunkyan Ottoman Armenian politician Yeghishe Tourian Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem and Constantinople Bedros Tourian Armenian poet Hovhannes Hintliyan Armenian pedagogue and educator Hrand Nazariantz Armenian poet and writer Levon Shant Armenian poet writer and playwright Sirvart Kalpakyan Karamanuk Armenian composer pianist and teacher Schahan Berberian Armenian philosopher composer and pedagogue Srpuhi Kalfayan Armenian nun and philanthropist Zabel Yesayan Armenian poet writer and teacherReferences Edit Area of regions including lakes km Regional Statistics Database Turkish Statistical Institute 2002 Retrieved 5 March 2013 Mosque and Street Scutari Constantinople Turkey World Digital Library 1890 1900 Retrieved 18 October 2013 a b c d e f g h i j k Taylor Jane 13 October 1998 Imperial Istanbul A Traveler s Guide Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 9781860642494 Retrieved 16 May 2018 via Google Books a b William Smith Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography Chryso polis 1854 Francois Sabbathier 1772 Dictionnaire pour l intelligence des auteurs classiques grecs et latins tants sacres que profanes contenant la geographie l histoire la fable et les antiquites Vol 11 p 135 Soner Yalcin Efendi Vryonis Speros 1 January 2005 The Mechanism of Catastrophe The Turkish Pogrom of September 6 7 1955 and the Destruction of the Greek Community of Istanbul Greekworks com greekworks com ISBN 978 0 9747660 3 4 Retrieved 16 May 2018 via Internet Archive Mills Amy 2010 Streets of Memory Landscape Tolerance and National Identity in Istanbul The University of Georgia Press ISBN 9780820335735 Pamuk Orhan 2005 Istanbul Memories and the City Alfred A Knopf ISBN 9781524732233 Celebi Evliya 2003 Seyahatname Istanbul Yapi Kredi Kultur Sanat Yayincilik p 318 Cypresses and Road Leading to the Cemetery Scutari Constantinople Turkey World Digital Library 1890 1900 Retrieved 18 October 2013 a b Bitki Soguga ve Sicaga Dayaniklilik www mgm gov tr Retrieved 28 April 2021 Uskudar Weather History amp Climate Data Meteostat meteostat net Retrieved 3 June 2021 Toros Huseyin Abbasnia Mohsen Sagdic Mustafa Tayanc Mete 19 November 2017 Long Term Variations of Temperature and Precipitation in the Megacity of Istanbul for the Development of Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change Advances in Meteorology Retrieved 3 June 2021 Uskudara Gideriken instrumental Rabab Music of Turkish Song retrieved 12 June 2020 a href Template Citation html title Template Citation citation a CS1 maint url status link dead YouTube link Uskudar Muftulugu Archived from the original on 8 October 2011 Retrieved 10 August 2009 Uskudar Belediyesi Kiliseler Uskudar Belediyesi Archived from the original on 6 October 2011 Retrieved 22 November 2009 Retrieved 14 August 2009 Tuglaci pages 121 129 169 171 194 Alan Adina Ait Varsayilan Sayfa Musevicemaati com Retrieved 16 May 2018 AZIZ MAHMUD HUDAYI TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi islamansiklopedisi org tr Retrieved 17 November 2020 NASUHI TEKKESI TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi islamansiklopedisi org tr Retrieved 17 November 2020 OZBEKLER TEKKESI TDV Islam Ansiklopedisi islamansiklopedisi org tr Retrieved 17 November 2020 T C KULTUR ve TURIZM BAKANLIGI Archived from the original on 28 February 2007 Retrieved 10 August 2009 Uskudar Belediyesi Kurumsal Internet Portali Archived from the original on 30 August 2009 Retrieved 10 August 2009 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Scutari Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 24 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 518 Contact Us Tarabya British Schools Retrieved 9 July 2019 Komuna e Sarajit binjakezim me komunen turke Uskudar Archived 4 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine INA 1 June 2012 in Albanian Brooklyn Uskudar Istanbul and New York s iconic districts join forces Dailysabah com Retrieved 16 May 2018 友好都市との交流 in Japanese 渋谷区 Retrieved 28 May 2021 Kurian George Thomas 2010 The Encyclopedia of Christian Literature Scarecrow Press p 454 ISBN 978 0 8108 6987 5 Whitby Michael 1988 The Emperor Maurice and his Historian Theophylact Simocatta on Persian and Balkan Warfare Oxford University Press p 129 ISBN 0 19 822945 3 Bischoff Bernhard 1994 Biblical commentaries from the Canterbury school of Theodore and Hadrian Cambridge University Press p 59 ISBN 0 521 33089 0 Bathrellos Demetrios 2004 The Byzantine Christ person nature and will in the Christology of Saint Maximus the Confessor Oxford University Press p 65 ISBN 0 19 925864 3 Skylitzes John 2010 A Synopsis of Byzantine History 811 1057 Cambridge University Press p 66 ISBN 978 0 521 76705 7 Uskudar Municipality mayors Edit1984 1989 Necmettin Ozturk ANAP 1989 1994 Niyazi Yurtseven SHP 1994 1998 Yilmaz Bayat Refah Party 1998 2001 Yilmaz Bayat FP 2001 2004 Yilmaz Bayat SP 2004 2009 Mehmet Cakir politician AK Party 2009 2014 Mustafa Kara AK Party 2014 current Mehmet Hilmi Turkmen AK PartyBibliography Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Uskudar Adim Adim Istanbul Inanc Atlasi Camiler Turbeler Ziyaret Yerleri Mezarliklar Mapmedya 2004 ISBN 975 6206 02 0 Hurel Haldun 2008 Semtleri Mahalleri Caddeleri ve Sokaklari A dan Z ye Istanbul un Alfabetik Oykusu Ikarus ISBN 978 975 999 290 3 Kumbaracilar Izzet 2008 Istanbul Sebilleri Kapi ISBN 978 9944 486 87 3 First published 1938 Tuglaci Pars 1991 Istanbul Ermeni Kiliseleri Armenian Churches of Istanbul Istʻanpuli Hayotsʻ ekeghetsʻinere Pars ISBN 975 7423 00 9 Coordinates 41 01 N 29 02 E 41 017 N 29 033 E 41 017 29 033 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Uskudar amp oldid 1153383882, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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