Shepherdia canadensis, commonly called Canada buffaloberry, russet buffaloberry,[3]soopolallie, soapberry, or foamberry (Ktunaxa: kupaʔtiǂ,[4]) is one of a small number of shrubs of the genus Shepherdia that bears edible berries.
The plant is a deciduous shrub of open woodlands and thickets, growing to a maximum of 1–4 metres (3+1⁄2–13 feet). The fruit is usually red, but one variety has yellow berries. The berries have a bitter taste.
The common name of the plant in British Columbia is "soopolallie", a word derived from the historic Chinook Jargon trading language spoken in the North American Pacific Northwest in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The name is a composite of the Chinook words "soop" (soap) and "olallie" (berry).[6][ISBN missing]
Some Canadian First Nations peoples such as Nlaka'pamux (Thompson), St'at'imc (Lillooet), and Secwepemc (Shuswap) in the Province of British Columbia extensively collect the berries. The bitter berries are not directly consumed but rather processed[how?] as "sxusem", also spelled "sxushem" and "xoosum" or "hooshum" ("Indian ice cream").[clarification needed] Collection involves placing a mat or tarpaulin below the bushes, hitting the branches, collecting the very ripe fruits, mixing with other sweet fruit such as raspberries, crushing the mixture, and then beating of the mixture to raise the foam characteristic of the dish.[original research?][disputed – discuss]
The berry is both sweet and bitter, and is possibly comparable to the taste of sweetened coffee. The First Nations peoples who prepare a dish with it believe that the berry has many health properties, but the saponin chemicals it contains (which create a foam when whipped into a dessert dish)[9] may[verification needed] cause gastrointestinal irritation if large quantities are consumed.[citation needed] Native-themed restaurants in British Columbia have occasionally offered the berries on their menus.[6][ISBN missing]
Unrelated plants in the genus Sapindus produce toxic saponins and are also commonly denominated "soapberry".[10]
Referencesedit
^NatureServe (2024). "Shepherdia canadensis". Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
^USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Shepherdia canadensis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
^"SPECIES: Shepherdia canadensis". Fire Effects Information System (FEIS). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Retrieved 10 June 2022.
^ abTurner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson, M. Terry Thompson, and Annie Z. York. 1990. Thompson Ethnobotany. Royal British Columbia Museum: Victoria. Pp. 209-11.[ISBN missing]
^Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
^Benito Baeza (March 20, 2017). "Idaho Fish and Game Ask Idahoans Not to Plant Japanese Yew". KLIX. Retrieved June 4, 2017.
^Xu, Y; Gao, Y; Chen, Z; et al. (2021-06-02). "Metabolomics analysis of the soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.) pericarp during fruit development and ripening based on UHPLC-HRMS". Scientific Reports. 11: 11657. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91143-0. PMC8172880. PMID 34079016.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shepherdia canadensis.
United States Department of Agriculture Plants profile for Shepherdia canadensis (russet buffaloberry)
Province of British Columbia Ministry of Forests: Shepherdia canadensis (soopolallie)
January 01, 1970
shepherdia, canadensis, commonly, called, canada, buffaloberry, russet, buffaloberry, soopolallie, soapberry, foamberry, ktunaxa, kupaʔtiǂ, small, number, shrubs, genus, shepherdia, that, bears, edible, berries, leaves, berries, conservation, status, secure, n. Shepherdia canadensis commonly called Canada buffaloberry russet buffaloberry 3 soopolallie soapberry or foamberry Ktunaxa kupaʔtiǂ 4 is one of a small number of shrubs of the genus Shepherdia that bears edible berries Shepherdia canadensis Leaves and berries Conservation status Secure NatureServe 1 Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae Clade Tracheophytes Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Rosids Order Rosales Family Elaeagnaceae Genus Shepherdia Species S canadensis Binomial name Shepherdia canadensis L Nutt Synonyms 2 Elaeagnus canadensis L A Nelson 1935 Hippophae canadensis L 1753 Lepargyrea canadensis L Greene 1892 Contents 1 Description 2 Etymology 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Uses 5 References 6 External linksDescription editThe plant is a deciduous shrub of open woodlands and thickets growing to a maximum of 1 4 metres 3 1 2 13 feet The fruit is usually red but one variety has yellow berries The berries have a bitter taste It is a non legume nitrogen fixer 5 nbsp Drawing by Nathaniel Lord Britton 1913 nbsp Leaves nbsp Staminate flowers nbsp Pistillate flowers nbsp Berries nbsp Close up of berriesEtymology editThe common name of the plant in British Columbia is soopolallie a word derived from the historic Chinook Jargon trading language spoken in the North American Pacific Northwest in the 19th and early 20th centuries The name is a composite of the Chinook words soop soap and olallie berry 6 ISBN missing Distribution and habitat editThe species is widespread in all of Canada except in Prince Edward Island and in the western and northern United States including Alaska 7 and Idaho 8 Uses editThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Shepherdia canadensis news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message Some Canadian First Nations peoples such as Nlaka pamux Thompson St at imc Lillooet and Secwepemc Shuswap in the Province of British Columbia extensively collect the berries The bitter berries are not directly consumed but rather processed how as sxusem also spelled sxushem and xoosum or hooshum Indian ice cream clarification needed Collection involves placing a mat or tarpaulin below the bushes hitting the branches collecting the very ripe fruits mixing with other sweet fruit such as raspberries crushing the mixture and then beating of the mixture to raise the foam characteristic of the dish original research disputed discuss The berry is both sweet and bitter and is possibly comparable to the taste of sweetened coffee The First Nations peoples who prepare a dish with it believe that the berry has many health properties but the saponin chemicals it contains which create a foam when whipped into a dessert dish 9 may verification needed cause gastrointestinal irritation if large quantities are consumed citation needed Native themed restaurants in British Columbia have occasionally offered the berries on their menus 6 ISBN missing Unrelated plants in the genus Sapindus produce toxic saponins and are also commonly denominated soapberry 10 References edit NatureServe 2024 Shepherdia canadensis Arlington Virginia Retrieved 7 March 2024 Shepherdia canadensis L Nutt Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 7 March 2024 USDA NRCS n d Shepherdia canadensis The PLANTS Database plants usda gov Greensboro North Carolina National Plant Data Team Retrieved 11 November 2015 FirstVoices Nature Environment place names words Ktunaxa Retrieved 2012 07 07 SPECIES Shepherdia canadensis Fire Effects Information System FEIS U S Department of Agriculture Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory Producer Retrieved 10 June 2022 a b Turner Nancy J Laurence C Thompson M Terry Thompson and Annie Z York 1990 Thompson Ethnobotany Royal British Columbia Museum Victoria Pp 209 11 ISBN missing Biota of North America Program 2014 state level distribution map Benito Baeza March 20 2017 Idaho Fish and Game Ask Idahoans Not to Plant Japanese Yew KLIX Retrieved June 4 2017 Angier Bradford 1974 Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants Harrisburg PA Stackpole Books p 42 ISBN 0 8117 0616 8 OCLC 799792 Xu Y Gao Y Chen Z et al 2021 06 02 Metabolomics analysis of the soapberry Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn pericarp during fruit development and ripening based on UHPLC HRMS Scientific Reports 11 11657 doi 10 1038 s41598 021 91143 0 PMC 8172880 PMID 34079016 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shepherdia canadensis United States Department of Agriculture Plants profile for Shepherdia canadensis russet buffaloberry Province of British Columbia Ministry of Forests Shepherdia canadensis soopolallie Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Shepherdia canadensis amp oldid 1220228486, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
